Full load resistance wind power station whole low voltage ride through (LVRT) system device
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of full load resistance wind power station whole low voltage ride through (LVRT) system device, specifically a kind of whole system and device that obtains low voltage ride-through function of wind energy turbine set that makes.
Background technology
Wind power generation develops rapidly in recent years, and wind-powered electricity generation accounts for also rapid development thereupon of power supply proportion.The problem of bringing has thus also caused widely to be paid attention to. particularly electrical network break down cause voltage to fall after, if the numerous and confused off-the-line of Wind turbine can bring system transient modelling unstable, and may cause part or even system to paralyse comprehensively, therefore power grid enterprises are incorporated into the power networks to blower fan and have proposed certain requirement, and low voltage crossing (LVRT) ability is exactly compulsory standard or the standard that requirement blower fan or wind energy turbine set must be able to satisfy.
Be incorporated into the power networks wind power plant and the traditional equipment that generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems are that as the difference of steam power plant or hydro-electric power generating equipment maximum it can not keep voltage and the frequency of electrical network during electric network fault, and this stability to electric power system is very unfavorable.Electric network fault is a kind of abnormal running form of electrical network, mainly contains the transmission line short circuit or opens circuit, and as three relatively, over the ground single-phase and short-circuit between conductors or open circuit etc., they can cause the acute variation of line voltage amplitude.
Low voltage crossing (Low voltage ride through, be called for short LVRT), refer to be incorporated into the power networks when point voltage falls at blower fan, blower fan can keep being incorporated into the power networks, even provide certain reactive power to electrical network, support power system restoration, until power system restoration is normal, thus " passing through " this low-voltage time (zone).
Shown in Figure 1 is the low voltage crossing curve that power grid enterprises require, and when requiring voltage in the dash area scope, blower fan does not keep being incorporated into the power networks, also not off-grid operation.The world and national standard are similar with it.
Make wind energy turbine set obtain low voltage ride-through capability two class solutions are arranged, one class scheme is to allow all wind turbine generator in wind energy turbine set obtain the ability of low voltage crossing, thereby make wind energy turbine set have the ability of low voltage crossing, i.e. so-called distributed low voltage crossing solution.
Another kind of scheme is a kind of ability of low voltage crossing that provides for wind energy turbine set integral body, and does not need each wind-powered electricity generation unit wherein to have low voltage ride-through function, i.e. the whole low voltage crossing solution of so-called full load resistance wind energy turbine set.
Both at home and abroad all pour into very large effort in the research to the problem of wind energy turbine set LVRT, a lot of manufacturers and research institution have many outstanding achievements, have not only delivered a large amount of documents and materials, and have obtained in practice preferably and used.
On the whole, present solution is launched around unit LVRT basically, on the data of announcing, the LVRT technology is used on the separate unit blower fan, increased the equipment of blower fan low voltage control system, complexity increases, make that in the blower fan tower that originally just seems narrow, the space becomes more nervous, particularly the blower fan that does not possess the LVRT function that has moved is transformed by platform, its difficulty of construction becomes the new unit that the LVRT function is arranged of Analysis of Nested Design to install much bigger, and operation maintenance workload from now on also increases more.
Double-fed type speed changing and constant frequency wind-powered electricity generation unit is the mainstream model of at present domestic and international wind-powered electricity generation unit; its generating equipment is double fed induction generators; when electric network fault occurring, existing protection philosophy be with double fed induction generators immediately from electrical network off-grid to guarantee the safety of unit.Along with the continuous increase of wind-powered electricity generation capacity of power unit and the continuous expansion of wind energy turbine set scale, influencing each other between wind-powered electricity generation unit and electrical network is on the rise.People more and more worry, force large tracts of land wind-powered electricity generation unit because of the autoprotection off-grid in case electrical network breaks down, and will have a strong impact on the operation stability of electric power system.Therefore, continuous increase along with the double fed induction generators capacity that accesses electrical network, electrical network is more and more higher to its requirement, generally require generating set and fall not off-grid operation (faultride-through) in the situation that voltage appears in electric network fault, and can help as early as possible power system recovery stable operation after failure removal, that is to say, require the wind-powered electricity generation unit to have certain low voltage crossing (lowvoltageride-through) ability.
Abroad blower fan supplier major part has solved single LVRT Capability of Wind Turbine Generator problem at present, and the wind-driven generator with low voltage ride-through capability can be provided.The low voltage crossing technology of blower fan is also promptly being studied by state inner blower enterprise, also has part manufacturer to declare to provide the blower fan with low voltage ride-through capability.But blower fan and the wind energy turbine set of operation are all the blower fans that provided in the past at present, the overwhelming majority does not possess low voltage ride-through capability, how this part blower fan or wind field is transformed, and makes it have low voltage ride-through capability, satisfying the requirement of being incorporated into the power networks, is also wind-powered electricity generation operator urgent problem.
Aspect blower fan, mainstream technology adopts the technology such as turn-off device such as IGBT, as shown in Figure 2 for adopting crow bar (crowbar) technology based on the rotor short-circuit protection at present.
The every Fans of distributing LVRT solution requirement all has the cost that the LVRT ability can increase wind power plant greatly, implements simultaneously transformation and relates to the full Intranet of wind energy turbine set, and quantities is large, complexity is high, every typhoon motor all need increase equipment, and improvement expenses is high, and reliability is relatively low.
Aspect the whole LVRT solution of wind energy turbine set, present prior art is by parallel connection or series capacitor at the place that is incorporated into the power networks, by adopting reactive power compensation SVC, dynamic passive compensation D-VAR, high-voltage dynamic reactive power compensation STATCOM technology realizes the low voltage ride-through capability of whole wind energy turbine set, and needn't require every Fans all to have the LVRT ability.But because the wind energy turbine set generate output is larger, during for the keeping system fault, voltage is stable, the huge condenser capacity that need to be complementary with the wind energy turbine set generated output, and cost is also very large.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to propose the whole low voltage crossing technical solution of a kind of wind energy turbine set.For achieving the above object, the utility model proposes a kind of full load resistance wind power station whole low voltage ride through (LVRT) system device, make wind energy turbine set obtain low voltage ride-through function, realize when line voltage changes, wind energy turbine set wind-powered electricity generation unit is kept normal operation and is incorporated into the power networks, and possesses the LVRT ability.
the utility model is to realize like this, described full load resistance wind power station whole low voltage ride through (LVRT) system device, at least comprise that is in a normally closed main switch 4 that closes state, a resistance 5, normal off switch 6, the first normally closed combination switch 7 and the second normally closed combination switch 8, a controller 9, two voltage measuring apparatus 10, two current measuring devices 11, described normal off switch 6 is connected between tie point A and tie point B, one end of the first normally closed combination switch 7 is connected to tie point A, the other end and main switch are connected to form tie point C, one end of the second normally closed combination switch 8 connects tie point B, the other end and main switch are connected to form tie point D, main switch 4 and resistance 5 are connected in parallel between tie point C and tie point D, two voltage measuring apparatus 10, the input that two current measuring devices 11 are connected with controller and tie point C and tie point D are connected respectively, two voltage measuring apparatus 10 with are connected the output of a current measuring device 11 and are connected with the input of controller 9, the output of controller 9 is connected with the control end of each switch respectively.
A kind of better embodiment of the present utility model, above-mentioned full load resistance wind power station whole low voltage ride through (LVRT) system device, described resistance 5 is the controlled variable resistor of resistive classification, the variable resistor control end is controlled by the output of controller 9.
Characteristics and the advantage of the full load resistance wind power station whole low voltage ride through (LVRT) system device that the utility model proposes are:
1, applicable various wind-powered electricity generation units, the resistance capacity capable of regulating can be made the building blocks form, convenient upgrading;
2, simple in structure, the original paper kind of use is less;
3, do not touch the major-minor equipment of the every typhoon motor of wind energy turbine set, do not affect the reliability of former wind field electricity generation system;
4, design arrangement form for being installed in series at wind energy turbine set switchyard lead-in circuit breaker and boosting between change, has kept all original protection system and equipment of wind energy turbine set, without any changes;
5, less owing to changing engineering coverage and content, the retrofit work amount is little, and O﹠M is simple and easy;
6, improvement cost is low.
Description of drawings
The following drawings only is intended to the utility model is done and schematically illustrates and explain, does not limit scope of the present utility model.Wherein:
Fig. 1 is the desired wind energy turbine set low voltage ride-through function of electrical network schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic for the low voltage ride through device of wind-powered electricity generation unit;
Fig. 3 is full load resistance wind power station whole low voltage ride through (LVRT) system principle of device schematic diagram of the present utility model.
Embodiment
Understand for the utility model technical characterictic, purpose and effect being had more clearly, now contrast description of drawings embodiment of the present utility model.
Execution mode
National standard requires the wind energy turbine set low voltage crossing:
1, basic demand
1) the wind-powered electricity generation unit in wind energy turbine set has and can guarantee that when the point voltage that is incorporated into the power networks falls to 20% rated voltage off-grid not moves the ability of 625ms continuously;
2) wind farm grid-connected point voltage can return in 2s after falling rated voltage 90% the time, the wind-powered electricity generation unit in wind energy turbine set can guarantee that off-grid does not move continuously;
2, occur in the situation of dissimilar fault, to the requirement of wind energy turbine set low voltage crossing for electrical network
1) when electrical network generation three phase short circuit fault causes that the point voltage that is incorporated into the power networks falls, each line voltage of wind farm grid-connected point is in the drawings in voltage profile line and above zone the time, and in, a wind-powered electricity generation unit must guarantee that off-grid does not move continuously; Any line voltage of wind farm grid-connected point lower than or part lower than in figure during the voltage profile line, in, a wind-powered electricity generation unit allows to cut out from electrical network;
2) when electrical network generation two-phase short-circuit fault causes that the point voltage that is incorporated into the power networks falls, each line voltage of wind farm grid-connected point is in the drawings in voltage profile line and above zone the time, and in, a wind-powered electricity generation unit must guarantee that off-grid does not move continuously; Any line voltage of wind farm grid-connected point lower than or part lower than in figure during the voltage profile line, in, a wind-powered electricity generation unit allows to cut out from electrical network;
3) electrical network single phase ground fault fault causes when the point voltage that is incorporated into the power networks falls, and wind farm grid-connected each phase voltage of point is in the drawings in voltage profile line and above zone the time, and in, a wind-powered electricity generation unit must guarantee that off-grid does not move continuously; Any phase voltage of wind farm grid-connected point lower than or part lower than in figure during the voltage profile line, in, a wind-powered electricity generation unit allows to cut out from electrical network.
3, the meritorious requirement that recovers
To not cutting out the wind energy turbine set of electrical network during electric network fault, its active power quick-recovery soon after electric network fault is removed returns to value before fault with the power variation rate of at least 10% rated power/second.
Embodiment
basic principle of the present utility model is to adopt phased high-speed switch, the original switch that is incorporated into the power networks of wind energy turbine set is replaced by phased quick main switch 4, in switch both sides by the controlled variable resistor of the classification that is in parallel, the equivalent resistance of calculating electrical network according to load voltage and the galvanometer of electrical network adjust in real time variable resistor follow the tracks of electrical network the equivalent resistance of electrical network, when electric network fault causes the wind energy turbine set lower voltage, the variable resistor that to adjust to the right place rapidly drops into the full load as wind energy turbine set, discharge blower fan energy reserving blower voltage by resistance, reach and make the not purpose of off-grid of blower fan, the system failure cuts out resistance after eliminating fast, the closure switch that is incorporated into the power networks.Thereby realize the low voltage crossing of whole wind energy turbine set.
Embodiment of the present utility model requires switching speed enough fast, makes blower fan can switch to fast access full load resistance states during the system failure, can switch back fast the state that normally is incorporated into the power networks again after Failure elimination, guarantees simultaneously can not impact electrical network.Require in addition resistance to have enough capacity, good heat dissipation characteristics, mounting means also will be considered the requirement of dispelling the heat, and guarantees that it can bear heavy current impact and quick heat radiating in short-term.
As shown in Figure 3, wind energy turbine set wind turbine cohort 1 in figure, wind energy turbine set switchyard 2, step-up transformer 3, main switch 4, the controlled variable resistor 5 of classification, by-pass switch 6, isolating switch 7,8, controller 9, voltage measuring apparatus 10, current measuring device 11 collects line 12, lead-in circuit breaker 13, grid side 14.In figure, A, B, C, D are the connection point.
The voltage access point of the utility model full load resistance wind power station whole low voltage ride through (LVRT) system device be the lead-in circuit breaker 13 of wind energy turbine set switchyard 2 to collecting on line 12 center lines between step-up transformer 3, with former bus breaking, form A tie point and B tie point; Wherein switch 6 is by-pass switch, and switch 7, switch 8 are isolating switch, plays the maintenance buffer action.
The main composition of full load resistance wind power station whole low voltage ride through (LVRT) system device:
Adjustable compensation impedance 5 is multistage adjustable resistive array, and its total impedance equals the load impedance under the wind energy turbine set rated capacity, be designed to 16 grades adjustable, degree of regulation is 6.25%, impedance is adjusted the time less than or equal to 10ms;
Main switch 4 is at a high speed without the bounce-back vacuum circuit-breaker, plays the effect that carrying wind energy turbine set output current when normal and site low voltage failure drop into current-limiting impedance constantly, intrinsicly closes, time of separating brake is less than or equal to 18ms;
Controller 9 is the central processing unit of the function such as the signal processing and analysis, work-based logic control, communication interaction, failure logging of native system device, to the point failure that is incorporated into the power networks occur and judgement time of recovering less than or equal to 2ms;
Voltage measuring apparatus 10, current measuring device 11 provide wind energy turbine set to collect three-phase current, voltage signal on line.
Full load resistance wind power station whole low voltage ride through (LVRT) system device operation principle is as follows:
The native system device is to design in strict accordance with the requirement in " wind energy turbine set access electric power network technique regulation ", specifically can be read as: " after wind farm grid-connected point the low-voltage operating mode occurs and continues the maximum 2 second time; wind energy turbine set should possess immediately provides the demand of the ability reply electrical network of active power to greatest extent, supports power system restoration stable." based on this, the operation principle of native system device is:
The principle core of native system device is " the impedance-compensated mode of full load ", and real-time tracking collects voltage, the current signal of line and upgrades compensating impedance and adjust strategy.During normal operation, main switch 4 is in " closing " state, collect the current and voltage signals on line by voltage measuring apparatus 10, current measuring device 11 real-time follow-ups, controller 9 monitors the point voltage state that is incorporated into the power networks, every 1 second, calculate accordingly " instant equivalent load resistance " value with the voltage that records divided by galvanometer by Ohm's law, and to be worth with this " instant equivalent load resistance " the adjustment strategy that congruent principle is upgraded compensating impedance.
The full load resnstance transformer keeps that wind energy turbine set is collected line voltage, electric current is constant, and power is also constant.After also the site low-voltage occurs, in native system device 20ms, main switch 4 is completed and is switched action, comprise that controller 9 order adjustable compensation impedances 5 complete impedance adjustment by up-to-date adjustment strategy, main switch 4 disconnections wait operation, and adjustable compensation resistance drops into also load as an alternative and supports the wind energy turbine set continuous service.
The time constant that the several seconds level is arranged due to blower fan system thinks in 2s that its output current is approximate constant; The adjustment precision of completion load compensation resistance 5 reaches 6.25%, for the maximal regulated error of instant equivalent load impedance before fault be only 6.25% 1/2, namely 3.12%, as seen, approximate constant " electric current " multiply by that to compare difference before magnitude of voltage that " instant equivalent compensation impedance " obtain and electric network fault little, inevitable, the power output of blower fan is also approximate constant.
When the compensating action of all wind-powered electricity generation unit of wind energy turbine set because of the native system device, the output current during electrical network low voltage, voltage, power can be kept approximate constant state, must realize the low voltage crossing operation.
The native system device can be so that the meritorious resume speed of wind energy turbine set reaches standard-required.
Due between age at failure, the active power of wind energy turbine set output is equivalent to the front level of fault always, in case electric network fault recovers, the native system device can withdraw from 20ms, wind energy turbine set provides to electrical network the active power that is equivalent to before fault immediately, almost there is no recovery process, give the support of the stabilization of power grids with maximum.
Native system device tenability: say for fixedly installed capacity wind energy turbine set, by changing the capacity of compensating impedance, can change the support time of native system device; In other words, for the fixing make-up time, by changing the capacity of compensating impedance, can adapt to the wind energy turbine set of different installed capacity capacity.
The scope of application of native system device: and during the low-voltage of site, the native system device is level before collecting line 12 sides and keeping electric currents, voltage to keep electric network fault, realize the wind energy turbine set low voltage crossing, not relating to the wind turbine internal structure changes, therefore, native system device scheme all is suitable for most wind energy turbine set.
Can escape relaying protection operate time the operate time of native system device: occur to the time of input less than 20ms from fault, compensating action due to the native system device, for windfarm system, make wind energy turbine set see the point to B from the A point, any larger variation had not occured in network system seemingly, just slight disturbance obviously can not start any protection action;
The work-based logic of native system device:
When 1, normally moving, main switch 4 is in closure state; Controller 9 collects the voltage and current parameter of line by voltage measuring apparatus 10, current measuring device 11 real-time tracking wind energy turbine set, judgement and site operating mode, and calculate to control and to inscribe the impedance-compensated strategy of a low-voltage that is incorporated into the power networks when corresponding;
2 and during the low-voltage of site, controller 9 can be judged low voltage failure in 2ms, send " adjustable compensation impedance " and adjust the sub-gate signal of signal, main switch 4, regulating the speed higher than the opening velocity of main switch 4 of adjustable compensation impedance therebetween 5 can compensate adjustable compensation resistance 5 rapid adjustment to desired value;
3, continue to monitor and the site operating mode by controller 9 in compensation process;
4, successfully get rid of when fault, when the point voltage that is incorporated into the power networks recovered normal, controller 9 sent main switch 4 switching signals immediately, withdraws from the load compensation state, and to the power system restoration power stage;
5, after 2s occured fault, when the point voltage that is incorporated into the power networks did not recover yet, controller 9 also sent main switch 4 switching signals, withdrawed from full load resnstance transformer state, did not damage because of overheated with protection adjustable compensation resistance 5; The point failure state that will be incorporated into the power networks this moment is transferred to windfarm system by oneself, even this moment, wind energy turbine set was shut down off-grid, also meets the requirement of national grid " wind energy turbine set access electric power network technique regulation ".
The above is only the schematic embodiment of the utility model, is not to limit scope of the present utility model.Any those skilled in the art, the equivalent variations of doing under the prerequisite that does not break away from design of the present utility model and principle and modification all should belong to the scope that the utility model is protected.