CN202886385U - Automatic online monitoring device of VOCs (volatile organic chemicals) in water - Google Patents
Automatic online monitoring device of VOCs (volatile organic chemicals) in water Download PDFInfo
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- CN202886385U CN202886385U CN 201220340297 CN201220340297U CN202886385U CN 202886385 U CN202886385 U CN 202886385U CN 201220340297 CN201220340297 CN 201220340297 CN 201220340297 U CN201220340297 U CN 201220340297U CN 202886385 U CN202886385 U CN 202886385U
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Abstract
The utility model disclose an automatic online monitoring device of VOCs (volatile organic chemicals) in water for monitoring ingredients of VOCs in water and concentration thereof automatically and rapidly and transmitting real-time data to a remote central platform and achieving remote countercharge. The device is mainly composed of integration structures of an automatic water taking device, an automatic sampling device, a purging and trapping concentration instrument, a gas chromatograph, a tandem-type detector, an industrial controlling machine, a data transmitting module and the like. The device disclosed by the utility model is suitable for automatic online detection of 60 types of volatile organics published by America EPA (environment protection agency) method 502.2, and especially 29 types of volatile organics stipulated by hygienic standard for drinking water. The device has the advantage of rapid speed, high monitoring flexibility, stable and reliable performance, full-automatic monitoring and data transmission and the like, and is suitable for aspects of automatic monitoring stations, mobile emergency monitoring stations, experiments and the like.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the water quality monitoring technical field, particularly VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in a kind of water.
Background technology
At present, VOCs(volatile organic matter in the water) it mainly is to pass through chromatographic technique that composition and concentration thereof detect, because its sensitivity is limited, needs in analyzing and testing carry out concentrating and separating to water sample to be measured first, and main concentrating and separating technology has now: the separation of liquid direct injected, liquid-liquid extraction, Solid-Phase Extraction, semipermeable partition abstraction technique and headspace sampling technology etc.
These above-mentioned concentrating and separating technology exist following weak point: 1) the concentration extraction process can cause the loss of volatile organic matter, causes measurement result less than normal; 2) (such as liquid-liquid extraction) can introduce poisonous organic solvent in the concentration process, causes secondary pollution; 3) concentration of the volatile organic matter in present potable water and the environmental water sample is in ng/L-μ g/L rank, the volume that capillary chromatographic column in the chromatogram injects is the microlitre magnitude, cause the Direct Analysis detection sensitivity not reach requirement, usually need the concentrated guarantee detection sensitivity of larger volume specimen; 4) chromatography instrument installation and service condition are had relatively high expectations, have the characteristics such as length consuming time and selectivity are strong, be difficult to realize robotization, difficulty reaches sudden water environment pollution event emergency monitoring demand, and still immature at present for the fast monitored device of water source burst pollution.
A kind of pick-up unit that adopts purge and trap to analyze VOCs is arranged at present, and can directly measure concentration is the volatile organic matter concentration of ppb magnitude, can auto injection, and do not need solvent extraction and separation, thereby simplify analytic process, accelerate analysis speed, improve sensitivity.
But, in existing pick-up unit, automaticity is low, operations all is manually to be main, comprises the hand sampling in early stage, the instrument control in the mid-term processing procedure, and the data analysis in later stage, whole process is consuming time longer, and needs professional stratographic analysis personnel operation, inevitably also can bring artificial error; Simultaneously, the pre-treating method disunity, instrument and equipment is complicated, and the plant maintenance difficulty is very large; On the other hand, all be take the unit detection as main, do not realize networking intercommunication and real-time data transmission.
Therefore, how to improve the monitoring device of VOCs in the water, realize full-automatic unmanned monitoring on duty and data analysis, reduce artificial error ratio, improve monitoring efficient, become the important technological problems that those skilled in the art need to be resolved hurrily.
The utility model content
In view of this, the utility model provides VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in a kind of water, realizes full-automatic unmanned monitoring on duty and data analysis, reduces artificial error ratio, improves monitoring efficient.
For achieving the above object, the utility model provides following technical scheme:
VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in a kind of water, comprise the pick-up unit that adopts gas chromatograph, also comprise automatic sampling apparatus, automatic pretreating device and Industrial Control Computer, described Industrial Control Computer has the automatic control module that is respectively applied to control described automatic sampling apparatus, described automatic pretreating device and described gas chromatographic detection device, and described Industrial Control Computer has for the treatment of the data analysis module that detects collection of illustrative plates.
Preferably, described automatic sampling apparatus comprises automatic water intaking device and automatic sampling apparatus, described automatic water intaking device comprises main intake pipe and water pipe for subsequent use, realize automaticallying switch by solenoid valve corresponding to PLC controller control, described PLC controller pilot relay, thereby described Control A.C. contactor control water pump water intaking, and described automatic water intaking device is monitored water withdrawal by the liquid level sensor that is installed in the tank, and can control three-way solenoid valve and realize remained water discharge and pond cleaning.
Preferably, pretreating device is specially Purge ﹠ Trap Concentrator automatically, comprising:
Be connected in the purge and trap pipe of described automatic sampling apparatus, an end of described purge and trap pipe is connected in the carrier gas feedway;
The collecting trap that is used for the analytic sample that the absorption water sample purged out;
Collecting trap temperature-controlled box for the temperature of regulating described collecting trap;
Control switched conductive by the electronics six-way valve between the vaporizer of described purge and trap pipe, described collecting trap, described gas chromatograph and the described carrier gas feedway.
Preferably, described chromatography of gases pick-up unit specifically comprises:
Gas chromatograph;
Tandem optical ionic detector and electrolytic conductivity detector;
Carrier gas feedway and the hydrogen gas supplying apparatus of carrier gas are provided.
Preferably, also comprise by the remote center platform of data transmission module with described Industrial Control Computer data communication, described remote center platform can be realized telecommunication control function by the monitoring field control software of installing on the described Industrial Control Computer.
Can find out from above-mentioned technical scheme, VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in the water that the utility model provides, control automatic sampling apparatus by Industrial Control Computer, automatic pretreating device and pick-up unit, and can process this detection collection of illustrative plates by monitoring analysis software, obtain the qualitative, quantitative data, thereby full-automatic unmanned monitoring on duty and data analysis have been realized, composition and the concentration thereof of VOCs in can the fast detecting water outlet, detection sensitivity is high, and is stable and reliable for performance, compares with manually-operated of the prior art, this device is more easy, reduce artificial error ratio, improved monitoring efficient, be fit to the Complex Water Environment monitorings such as sudden water pollution.
Simultaneously, the instrument and equipment modularization is integrated, have advantages of that working service is convenient, be easy to upgrade and function is switched, be suitable for analysis of components, measurement of concetration, Monitoring Data transmission and the instrument Long-distance Control of volatile organic matter in the water of the aspects such as automatic monitor station, mobile emergency monitoring station, laboratory.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the utility model embodiment or technical scheme of the prior art, the below will do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes only is embodiment more of the present utility model, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
The schematic flow sheet of VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in the water that Fig. 1 provides for the utility model embodiment;
The structural representation of the automatic water intaking device that Fig. 2 provides for the utility model embodiment;
The schematic diagram of the Purge ﹠ Trap Concentrator purge stages that Fig. 3 provides for the utility model embodiment;
The schematic diagram in the Purge ﹠ Trap Concentrator desorption stage that Fig. 4 provides for the utility model embodiment;
The structural representation of the pick-up unit that Fig. 5 provides for the utility model embodiment.
Wherein, 1 is automatic water intaking device, and 2 is automatic sampling apparatus, and 3 is Purge ﹠ Trap Concentrator, 4 is gas chromatograph, 5 is optical ionic detector, and 6 is electrolytic conductivity detector, and 7 is Industrial Control Computer, 8 is data transmission module, 9 are the carrier gas feedway, and 10 is hydrogen gas supplying apparatus, and 11 is the PLC controller;
101 are the water intaking water pipe, and 102 is water pipe for subsequent use, and 103 is the first solenoid valve, and 104 second is solenoid valve, and 105 is water pump, and 106 is three-way solenoid valve, and 107 is tank, and 108 is liquid level sensor, and 109 is A.C. contactor, and 110 is relay;
301 is the purge and trap pipe, and 302 is the electronics six-way valve, and 303 is collecting trap, and 304 is the collecting trap temperature-controlled box, and 9-3 is the carrier gas of access Purge ﹠ Trap Concentrator, and 9-4 is the carrier gas of access gas chromatograph.
Embodiment
The utility model discloses VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in a kind of water, realize full-automatic unmanned monitoring on duty and data analysis, reduce artificial error ratio, improve monitoring efficient.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing among the utility model embodiment, the technical scheme among the utility model embodiment is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment only is the utility model part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the utility model, those of ordinary skills are not making the every other embodiment that obtains under the creative work prerequisite, all belong to the scope of the utility model protection.
See also Fig. 1, the schematic flow sheet of VOCs monitoring device in the water that Fig. 1 provides for the utility model embodiment.
The utility model embodiment provides VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in a kind of water, comprise the gas chromatographic detection device that adopts gas chromatograph 4, its core utility model point is, also comprise automatic sampling apparatus, automatic pretreating device and Industrial Control Computer 7, Industrial Control Computer 7 has the control module that is respectively applied to control automatic sampling apparatus, automatic pretreating device and gas phase chromatographic detection apparatus, and Industrial Control Computer 7 has for the treatment of the data analysis module that detects collection of illustrative plates.
VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in the water that the utility model embodiment provides, control automatic sampling apparatus by Industrial Control Computer, automatic pretreating device and gas chromatographic detection device, and can process this detection collection of illustrative plates by monitoring analysis software, obtain the qualitative, quantitative data, thereby full-automatic unmanned monitoring on duty and data analysis have been realized, composition and the concentration thereof of VOCs in can the fast detecting water outlet, detection sensitivity is high, stable and reliable for performance, compare with manually-operated of the prior art, this device is more easy, has reduced artificial error ratio, improve monitoring efficient, be fit to the Complex Water Environment monitorings such as sudden water pollution.
Simultaneously, the instrument and equipment modularization is integrated, have advantages of that working service is convenient, be easy to upgrade and function is switched, be suitable for analysis of components, measurement of concetration, Monitoring Data transmission and the instrument Long-distance Control of volatile organic matter in the water of the aspects such as automatic monitor station, mobile emergency monitoring station, laboratory.
VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in the water that the utility model embodiment provides, its automatic sampling apparatus comprises automatic water intaking device 1 and automatic sampling apparatus 2, further improved automaticity certainly, moving water fetching device 1 is used for (comprising river, river, well, sewage draining exit etc.) from water source to be measured and obtains quantitative water sample, and automatic sampling apparatus 2 is used for water sample is transferred to Purge ﹠ Trap Concentrator 3.Automatic water intaking device 1 comprises main intake pipe 101 and water pipe for subsequent use 102, realize automaticallying switch by solenoid valve corresponding to PLC controller 11 controls, PLC controller 11 pilot relays 110, thereby relay 110 control A.C. contactors 109 control water pump water intakings, and automatic water intaking device 1 is monitored water withdrawals by the liquid level sensor 108 that is installed in the tank 107, and can control three-way solenoid valve 106 and realize remained water discharges and pond cleaning.Certainly, automatic water intaking device 1 and automatic sampling apparatus 2 also can merge and form a kind of instrument or device.
As shown in Figure 2, the structural representation of the automatically taking water module that provides for the utility model embodiment of Fig. 2; Wherein, 101 are the water intaking water pipe, and 102 is water pipe for subsequent use, and 103 is the first solenoid valve, and 104 second is solenoid valve, and 105 is water pump, and 106 is three-way solenoid valve, and 107 is tank, and 108 is liquid level sensor, and 109 is A.C. contactor, and 110 is relay.Automatic water intaking device 1 mainly is comprised of above-mentioned 10 parts, has adopted 101 and 102 two water intaking pipelines (a preparation and a use), and realizes automaticallying switch by PLC controller 11 control solenoid valves 103 and 104.Wherein, the water pump 105 in the automatic water intaking device 1 can according to actual operating position, adopt the water pump of Multiple Type.
At present, the composition of VOCs and concentration monitor thereof mainly are to pass through chromatographic technique in the water, because its sensitivity is limited, carry out concentrating and separating to water sample to be measured first at the needs of analyzing monitoring, be pre-treatment, main pretreatment technology has now: the separation of liquid direct injected, liquid-liquid extraction, Solid-Phase Extraction, semipermeable partition abstraction technique and headspace sampling technology etc.In a preferred embodiment, adopt the mode of purge and trap.So, can directly measure concentration is the volatile organic matter concentration of ppb magnitude, can auto injection, and do not need solvent extraction and separation, thereby simplify analytic process, accelerate analysis speed, improve sensitivity.Be that automatic pretreating device is specially Purge ﹠ Trap Concentrator 3, comprise:
Be connected in the purge and trap pipe 301 of automatic sampling apparatus 2, an end of purge and trap pipe 301 is connected in carrier gas feedway 9;
The collecting trap 303 that is used for the analytic sample that the absorption water sample purged out;
The collecting trap temperature-controlled box 304 that is used for the temperature of adjusting collecting trap 303;
Control switched conductive by electronics six-way valve 302 between the vaporizer of purge and trap pipe 301, collecting trap 303, gas chromatograph 4 and the carrier gas feedway 9.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are respectively VOCs inspection automatic on-line monitoring device purge stages and the schematic diagram in desorption stage in the water that the utility model embodiment provides.In purge stages, automatic sampling apparatus 2 quantitatively is input to water sample to be measured in the purge and trap pipe 301, Industrial Control Computer 7 provides instruction unpack carrier gas (normally helium) valve 9-3, begins water sample to be measured is purged, and the analytic sample in the water sample is enriched in the adsorbent of collecting trap 303 after purging.Then enter the desorption stage, electronics six-way valve 302 rotates, and collecting trap temperature-controlled box 304 is rapidly heated, and the carrier gas 9-4 that is controlled by gas chromatograph behind the analytic sample desorption is transferred to gas chromatograph 4 to be separated.
VOCs inspection automatic on-line monitoring device in the water that the utility model embodiment provides, its gas chromatographic detection device specifically comprises:
Tandem optical ionic detector 5 and electrolytic conductivity detector 6;
From the analytic sample that the chromatographic column of gas chromatograph is separated, be introduced in the PID detecting device, monitor those undersaturated aromatic substances here; Material from the outflow of PID detecting device, enter at once the ELCD detecting device with the monitoring halogen species, by such cascaded structure, two detecting devices have the common factor of monitoring parameter, can monitor simultaneously aromatic series and halogen species, in-line detecting device uses the parameter area that has enlarged monitoring, by the dual-detector monitoring of comparing, thereby improved the accuracy of monitoring, perfect VOCs monitoring means is provided; Simultaneously, no longer need to carry out twice and independently analyze, no longer need transfer line, only take the detecting device port of a gas chromatography, only use a pillar.
Certainly, the gas chromatograph detecting device is except the disclosed PID/ELCD combination of the utility model, can also adopt PID/ECD, MS, PID, ECD, detecting device and the combinations thereof such as ELCD, multiple modification to these embodiment will be apparent concerning those skilled in the art, not repeat them here.
VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in the water that the utility model embodiment provides, also comprise by the remote center platform of data transmission module 8 with Industrial Control Computer 7 data communications, remote center's platform can be realized telecommunication control function by the monitoring field control software of installing on the Industrial Control Computer.
In sum, the utility model embodiment provides VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in a kind of water, from: the water sample sampling-water sample sample introduction-purge step-concentration step-desorption-whole automatic process control system of aggregation of data analysis-data transmission, and final Monitoring Data can upload to remote center's platform automatically, remote center's platform can be controlled software by monitoring field and control all and relate to instrument and whole flow process, the monitoring instrument at scene is oppositely controlled and issue an order etc., comprised the long-range urgent monitoring order of can issuing, standard specimen is verified, the functions such as mark-on recovery.
See also Fig. 5, the structural representation of VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in the water that Fig. 5 provides for the utility model embodiment.Wherein, dotted line represents the gas transport route, band arrow solid line statement sample transmission route, and band double-head arrow solid line represents Communication Control.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 5, automatically send Monitoring instruction as example take system, overall technical architecture of the present utility model is introduced:
Industrial Control Computer (monitoring analysis software) 7 provides Monitoring instruction, PLC controller 11 receives instruction and starts automatic water intaking device 1 and gathers water sample, after water sample to be collected is finished, automatic sampling apparatus 2 receives that 11 instructions of PLC controller begin automatic sampling and send into purge and trap, the program that Purge ﹠ Trap Concentrator 3 is set according to Industrial Control Computer 7 captures organism in the water sample to collecting trap 303, collecting trap 303 is heated fast, thermal desorption analytic sample and the carrier gas transimiison analysis sample that utilizes gas chromatography are to gas chromatograph 4, analytic sample separates priority through the gas chromatograph chromatographic column and enters optical ionic detector (PID) 5 and electrolytic conductivity detector (ELCD) 6 detections, detect spectrogram and be transferred to Industrial Control Computer 7, obtain the qualitative, quantitative data and upload to the upper end platform by data transmission module 8 after Industrial Control Computer monitoring analysis software is processed collection of illustrative plates.
Monitoring device condition: embodiment 1
In sum, the utility model discloses a kind ofly for water VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device, can be used for composition and the concentration thereof of VOCs in the automatic fast monitored water, and real-time Data Transmission is to the center with realize long-range countercharge.Mainly by automatic water intaking device, automatic sampling apparatus, Purge ﹠ Trap Concentrator, gas chromatograph, tandem detecting device (PID and ELCD), the integrated morphologies such as Industrial Control Computer and data transmission module form, and have the features such as working service convenience, stable performance.
The disclosed device of the utility model is applicable to the automatic on-line monitoring of 60 kinds of volatile organic matters of U.S. EPA method 502.2 announcements, is particularly useful for the automatic on-line monitoring of 29 kinds of volatile organic matters of " drinking water sanitary standard " regulation.The advantages such as this device has that speed is fast, monitoring sensitivity is high, stable and reliable for performance, auto monitoring and measurement and data transmission are suitable for analysis of components, measurement of concetration, Monitoring Data transmission and the instrument Long-distance Control of volatile organic matter in the water of the aspects such as automatic monitor station, mobile emergency monitoring station, laboratory.
Each embodiment adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe in this instructions, and what each embodiment stressed is and the difference of other embodiment that identical similar part is mutually referring to getting final product between each embodiment.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, make this area professional and technical personnel can realize or use the utility model.Multiple modification to these embodiment will be apparent concerning those skilled in the art, and General Principle as defined herein can be in the situation that do not break away from spirit or scope of the present utility model, in other embodiments realization.Therefore, the utility model will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this article, but will meet the widest scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (5)
1. VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in the water, comprise the gas chromatographic detection device that adopts gas chromatograph (4), it is characterized in that, also comprise automatic sampling apparatus, automatic pretreating device and Industrial Control Computer (7), described Industrial Control Computer (7) has the control module that is respectively applied to control described automatic sampling apparatus, described automatic pretreating device and described gas chromatographic detection device, and described Industrial Control Computer (7) has for the treatment of the data analysis module that detects collection of illustrative plates.
2. VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in the water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described automatic sampling apparatus comprises automatic water intaking device (1) and automatic sampling apparatus (2), described automatic water intaking device (1) comprises main intake pipe (101) and water pipe for subsequent use (102), realize automaticallying switch by solenoid valve corresponding to PLC controller (11) control, described PLC controller (11) pilot relay (110), described relay (110) is controlled A.C. contactor (109) thereby the water intaking of control water pump, and described automatic water intaking device (1) is monitored water withdrawal by the liquid level sensor (108) that is installed in the tank (107), and can control three-way solenoid valve (106) and realize remained water discharge and pond cleaning.
3. VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in the water according to claim 2 is characterized in that, pretreating device is specially Purge ﹠ Trap Concentrator (3) automatically, comprising:
Be connected in the purge and trap pipe (301) of described automatic sampling apparatus (2), an end of described purge and trap pipe (301) is connected in carrier gas feedway (9);
The collecting trap (303) that is used for the analytic sample that the absorption water sample purged out;
Collecting trap temperature-controlled box (304) for the temperature of regulating described collecting trap (303);
Control switched conductive by electronics six-way valve (302) between the vaporizer of described purge and trap pipe (301), described collecting trap (303), described gas chromatograph (4) and the described carrier gas feedway (9).
4. VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in the water according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described gas chromatographic detection device specifically comprises:
Gas chromatograph (4);
Tandem optical ionic detector (5) and electrolytic conductivity detector (6);
Carrier gas feedway (9) and the hydrogen gas supplying apparatus (10) of carrier gas are provided.
5. VOCs automatic on-line monitoring device in the described water of any one according to claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, also comprise by the remote center platform of data transmission module (8) with described Industrial Control Computer (7) data communication, described remote center platform can be realized telecommunication control function by the monitoring field control software of installing on the described Industrial Control Computer.
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103675154A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-03-26 | 力合科技(湖南)股份有限公司 | Online pretreatment method and online pretreatment device of SVOCs (Semi Volatile Organic Compounds) in water |
CN103675308A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-03-26 | 力合科技(湖南)股份有限公司 | On-line analyzer for aquatic VOCs (Volatile Organic Chemicals) |
CN103713079A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-09 | 力合科技(湖南)股份有限公司 | On-line analysis method and instrument for SVOCs (semi-volatile organic compounds) in water |
CN104122403A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2014-10-29 | 力合科技(湖南)股份有限公司 | Online pretreatment device for detecting VOCs (volatile organic compounds) in water |
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2012
- 2012-07-13 CN CN 201220340297 patent/CN202886385U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (10)
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CN104122403A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2014-10-29 | 力合科技(湖南)股份有限公司 | Online pretreatment device for detecting VOCs (volatile organic compounds) in water |
CN104122403B (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2016-02-10 | 力合科技(湖南)股份有限公司 | A kind of online pretreating device detected for VOCs in water |
CN103675154A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-03-26 | 力合科技(湖南)股份有限公司 | Online pretreatment method and online pretreatment device of SVOCs (Semi Volatile Organic Compounds) in water |
CN103675308A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-03-26 | 力合科技(湖南)股份有限公司 | On-line analyzer for aquatic VOCs (Volatile Organic Chemicals) |
CN103713079A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-09 | 力合科技(湖南)股份有限公司 | On-line analysis method and instrument for SVOCs (semi-volatile organic compounds) in water |
CN103675154B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-09-16 | 力合科技(湖南)股份有限公司 | The online pre-treating method of SVOCs and device in a kind of water |
CN103713079B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-02-10 | 力合科技(湖南)股份有限公司 | SVOCs on-line analysis and instrument in a kind of water |
CN103675308B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-03-30 | 力合科技(湖南)股份有限公司 | VOCs in-line analyzer in a kind of water |
CN114019038A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-02-08 | 长鑫存储技术有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring organic matters in environmental gas |
CN114019038B (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2024-01-02 | 长鑫存储技术有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring organic matters in environmental gas |
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