CN202856877U - Image sensor - Google Patents
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- CN202856877U CN202856877U CN 201220167452 CN201220167452U CN202856877U CN 202856877 U CN202856877 U CN 202856877U CN 201220167452 CN201220167452 CN 201220167452 CN 201220167452 U CN201220167452 U CN 201220167452U CN 202856877 U CN202856877 U CN 202856877U
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Abstract
In order to improve the image dynamic range of an image sensor, the existing image sensor is configured with different exposure features according to each line, and the problems of low sampling rate, staggered deviation and the like can occur during the interpolation data recovery. The invention provides the image sensor. The sensor comprises a pixel array, wherein pixels with different exposure features and identical color types in the same line of the pixel array are in alternate distribution at intervals, in addition, in the same line of the pixel array, the pixels with different exposure features and the identical color types are in alternate distribution at intervals. During the interpolation data recovery of pixel values with the other exposure features on the pixels (B1, B2) with the same kind of exposure features, the pixel value provided by the pixels with the color types and the other kind of exposure features in the same row and the same line as the pixel is used. The pixel array ranging method, the image sensor has the advantages that the sampling rate is improved, the staggered deviation is avoided, and meanwhile, the higher dynamic range and the better image quality are realized.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to field of image sensors.
Background technology
Imageing sensor is often used in the scene that has simultaneously very bright scene and very dark scene, for example scene backlight.For these scenes, all pixels in the pattern matrix of conventional imageing sensor adopt identical Exposure mode, thereby so that the image that catches or the under-exposed dark place details of losing in the dark, thereby the over-exposed bright place details of losing at bright place is difficult to take into account simultaneously part bright and dark in the Same Scene.Along with the continuous lifting of image sensor resolutions, the area of photosensitive pixel unit will further reduce, and this problem shows more outstandingly.Therefore, need some technological improvements, obtain the image of high dynamic range.
The method of obtaining at present high dynamic range images mainly contains two kinds:
● a kind of data that are based on image are processed and are obtained static high dynamic range images, and be specially: all row to the photosensitive pixel array carry out time exposure, obtain the time exposure signal of whole frame, and these signal storage are arrived specific memory space; All row to the photosensitive pixel array carry out the short time exposure, and the short time exposure signal that obtains and the time exposure signal that is stored in particular memory space synthesized, typical synthetic method is: y=a*x1+b*x2, wherein y is final output pixel value, x1 is the long exposure value of this pixel, x2 is the short exposure value of this pixel, a and b are weight coefficient, and satisfy a+b=1, a and b can be constant, also can automatically regulate with the bright-dark degree of pixel, the simplest is y=0.5*x1+0.5*x2.Thereby, form the image with high dynamic range.This method needs the pixel cell data of the whole frame of access, expends more storage resources and processing time, and is double exposed in the front and back of different periods of Same Scene, and final image produces smear easily, is applicable to software approach and processes still image.
● the down sample (subsample) that the method that another kind obtains high dynamic range images then is based on line direction, some row in the photosensitive pixel array is carried out time exposure, other row is carried out the short time exposure.As shown in fig. 1, grey behavior short exposure wherein, the long exposure of white behavior, R, G, B represent respectively redness, green and blue pixel.After exposing, obtain the long of each pixel by interpolation and expose and the short exposure value, then selection or synthetic in time exposure row or short time exposure row.Selection strategy generally is the bright-dark degree according to current pixel, and long exposure value is preferentially selected in the dark place, and the short exposure value is preferentially selected at bright place, and then length exposure combination is located in the centre.This method does not need extra memory space, and processing speed is fast.But row is different from the column direction sampling, and the difficulty that data are recovered is determined by the low direction of sample rate.Here this existing method of carrying, long exposure row and short exposure are capable alternately, but what take with all pixels in the delegation all is the same time for exposure, the sample rate of the length of column direction exposure pixel is 0 like this, can only utilize the data of up-downgoing in the same row during recovery, shown in left part among Fig. 1; Perhaps utilize the data of tilted direction, shown in right part among Fig. 2.Its shortcoming is: because based on down sample, the line direction of pel array and column direction sample rate are inconsistent, data are difficult to perfect the recovery during full size image output, are applicable to the high dynamic range images of output reduced size in the down sample process.
The utility model content
In the technology of existing down sample, for the mode that adopts up-downgoing, shown in left part among Fig. 1, in order to recover long exposure pixel B
1The short exposure value, adopt two short exposure values of up-downgoing to carry out interpolation, about the information of row be 0, the data that recover are easy to produce larger deviation with reality.And when adopting the mode of tilted direction, for example recover long exposure pixel B
2The short exposure value time, shown in right part among Fig. 1, adopt the value of the pixel at four diagonal angles to come interpolation, and recover adjacent long exposure pixel B
3The short exposure value time, also adopt the value of the pixel at four diagonal angles to come interpolation, the locus can interlock, row after namely the pixel of previous column is used for recovering, the pixel of rear row is used for recovering previous column, and long exposure pixel B
2And B
3Used interpolating pixel does not have identical, the image deflects such as sawtooth occur easily.
In order to solve these technical problems, design of the present utility model is, in pel array, and with the different time for exposure of distribution that the photosensitive pixel in the delegation is spaced apart, the different time for exposure of distribution that the photosensitive pixel in the same row also is spaced apart.Allow when interpolation like this, when a kind of time for exposure pixel position is obtained the pixel value of its another kind of exposure, can use simultaneously and its pixel value with the another kind of time for exposure pixel of delegation and same row, the dimension of interpolation expand as the row to row to, improved sample rate; And do not exist staggeredly, reduced image deflects.
According to first aspect of the present utility model, a kind of imageing sensor is provided, contain pel array, it is characterized in that, in the same delegation of this pel array, contain alternate intervals same hue type pixel that distribute, that have different exposure characteristicses, and, in the same row of this pel array, contain alternate intervals this same hue type pixel that distribute, that have different exposure characteristicses alternately.
Correspondingly, the device that also provides a kind of pixel value that the imageing sensor of first aspect of the present utility model is obtained to process, it is characterized in that, coloured typies pixel to certain the first exposure characteristics, when obtaining the data of the second exposure characteristics corresponding to this pixel, this device uses: be in the pixel value that provides with this coloured typies pixel delegation, that have the second exposure characteristics with this pixel, and be in the pixel value that this coloured typies pixel same row, that have the second exposure characteristics provides with this pixel.
Further, the first coloured typies pixel to this kind exposure characteristics, when obtaining the data of this another kind exposure characteristics corresponding to this pixel, use: the pixel value that adjacent with this pixel, different rows and/or identical the first coloured typies pixel different lines, that have this another kind exposure characteristics provide.
The advantage of above scheme is, when interpolation, can use simultaneously and its pixel value with the another kind of time for exposure pixel of delegation and same row, the dimension of interpolation expand as row to row to, and do not exist staggeredly, reduced image deflects.
According to one preferred embodiment, the same hue type pixel element itself of the same delegation in the described pel array and same row can be configured to have different exposure characteristicses.
This execution mode is that pixel element itself is improved, and makes it have different exposure characteristicses.
Further, described pixel be configured to following each:
-have different exposure times with delegation with this same hue type pixel spaced apart in the same row;
-have different susceptibilitys with delegation with this same hue type pixel spaced apart in the same row;
-have different gains with delegation with this same hue type pixel spaced apart in the same row.
This execution mode provides the various configurations pixel element to have the execution mode of different exposure characteristicses.
Further, this imageing sensor also comprises:
Control circuit, the same hue type pixel that is used for disposing with delegation and same row has similar and different exposure characteristics;
Analysis module, be used for the contrast grade that the image of sensing is treated in analysis: when contrast grade was higher than certain condition, described control circuit provided different exposure characteristicses; Otherwise
Described control circuit provides identical exposure characteristics.
This execution mode can come pointedly choice for use scheme of the present utility model or existing scheme according to the contrast grade of image, has very strong flexibility and adaptability, and more excellent image quality can be provided.
Further, when described control circuit is during with delegation's exposure time different with this same hue type pixel arrangement spaced apart in the same row,
Respectively for successively each row of this pel array, described control circuit is in the first pixel that resets the first exposure characteristics in the delegation constantly, after the reset pixel of the second exposure characteristics in this row of second moment, subsequently:
After the 3rd constantly read the pixel value of entire row of pixels; Or
Constantly read the pixel value of the pixel of the first exposure characteristics the 3rd, and read the pixel value of the pixel of the second exposure characteristics in the 4th different moment;
And it is at least part of overlapping that described control circuit is controlled time for exposure of each row pixel.
This execution mode provides a kind of image sensing mode of the exposure of rolling, and the time for exposure of each row is overlapping at least in part, can shorten the time for exposure of whole pel array, improves frame per second.
One preferred embodiment in, this imageing sensor also comprises:
The light transmission filter lens array is positioned on this pel array, and each printing opacity filter is used for allowing incident light to pass and be radiated at corresponding pixel, and,
With this same hue type pixel spaced apart in delegation and the same row respectively corresponding printing opacity filter have different light transmittances, thereby make each pixel spaced apart have different exposure characteristicses.
This execution mode carries out light intensity attenuation by the filter that different light transmittance is provided for each pixel, comes for the pixel of different exposure characteristicses is provided.
One preferred embodiment in, this pel array has multicolour type pixel, one by one corresponding at least three kinds of colors,
Respectively for various coloured typies, this coloured typies be expert at and column in, have this kind coloured typies pixel of different exposure characteristicses spaced apart.
This execution mode is applicable to the pel array of multicolour passage, can support respectively the various coloured typies in the pel array.
Further, described pel array and multicolour type pixel correspondence following each:
-RGGB paxel arrays, the red, green, blue pixel;
-CYYM paxel arrays, blue or green, yellow, fuchsin pixel;
-RGWB paxel arrays, red, green, white, blue pixel;
-CYWM paxel arrays, blue or green, yellow, white, fuchsin pixel;
-RGEB paxel arrays, red, green, emerald green, blue pixel;
-CYGM paxel arrays, blue or green, yellow, green, fuchsin pixel.
This execution mode has been enumerated several pel array concrete, the utility model multicolour passage applicatory.
Further, described exposure characteristics comprises strong and weak two kinds of exposure characteristicses,
In this pel array, comprise that the 2x2 pixel groups of all coloured typies pixels has identical exposure characteristics,
Be alternately distributed the pixel groups of strong and weak exposure characteristics at the row/column direction of pel array.
This mode provides the layout of preferred checkerboard type, has the preferably synthetic and restorability of image.
Other advantage of the present utility model will be described below, perhaps the explanation by hereinafter and being understood by those skilled in the art.
Description of drawings
By reading the detailed description that non-limiting example is done of doing with reference to the following drawings, other features, objects and advantages of the present utility model will become more apparent:
Fig. 1 shows pel array and the picture element interpolation mode of existing imageing sensor for improving dynamic range;
Fig. 2 shows the pel array according to the imageing sensor of an execution mode of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 shows the exposure of pel array shown in Figure 2 and reads sequential;
Fig. 4 shows and is applicable to several frequently seen colour filter array pattern of the present utility model;
Fig. 5 shows the mode of pel array shown in Figure 2 being carried out picture element interpolation;
In the accompanying drawing, same or analogous Reference numeral represents same or analogous steps characteristic or parts (module) feature.
Embodiment
The utility model provides a kind of imageing sensor, contain pel array, it is characterized in that, in the same delegation of this pel array, same hue type pixel alternate intervals with different exposure characteristicses distributes, and in the same row of this pel array, this same hue type pixel alternate intervals with different exposure characteristicses distributes.
In field of image sensors, multicolour filter array pattern is applied to the photosensitive pixel array, to produce coloured image.Preferably, for respectively row and the column at this coloured typies place, arrange this kind coloured typies pixel of the different exposure characteristicses of alternate intervals.
The photosensitive pixel exposure characteristics that Figure 2 shows that a kind of Bayer of being applicable to colour filter array distributes the arrangement schematic diagram, and this Bayer colour filter array adopts RGB three primary colors pixel, and its pattern is RGGB (red-green-green-indigo plant) array pattern.Exposure characteristics comprises strong and weak two kinds of exposure characteristicses, in this pel array, each 2x2 pixel groups (RGGB) has identical exposure characteristics, be alternately distributed the RGGB pixel groups of strong and weak exposure characteristics at the row/column direction of pel array, grey represents that this photosensitive pixel corresponds to weak exposure among the figure, the corresponding heavy exposure of this photosensitive pixel of white expression.
In a more concrete execution mode, for the same hue type pixel element itself with delegation and same row in the pel array disposes different exposure characteristicses.
Configuration pixel element itself has different exposure characteristicses and can be realized by a lot of methods, for example is with the different exposure time of this same hue type pixel arrangement spaced apart in delegation and the same row.In the example shown in Figure 2, the photosensitive pixel in every row is divided into two groups according to the difference of time for exposure, and wherein the heavy exposure pixel of white expression has the long time for exposure, and the weak exposure pixel that grey represents has the short time for exposure.For example, the photosensitive pixels such as the 1st, 2,5,6,9,10,13,14 of the 1st row and the 2nd row have the short time for exposure; The photosensitive pixels such as the 3rd, 4,7,8,11,12,15,16 of the 1st row and the 2nd row have the long time for exposure; The photosensitive pixels such as the 1st, 2,5,6,9,10,13,14 of the 3rd row and the 4th row have the long time for exposure; The photosensitive pixels such as the 3rd, 4,7,8,11,12,15,16 of the 3rd row and the 4th row have the short time for exposure; Other row according to this rule alternately repeats.Every like this two field picture will be assigned the exposure pixel of time exposure pixel and short time uniformly, and the alternately rule of row and column direction is identical.
Fig. 3 is each row of pel array shown in Figure 2 and the readout sequence schematic diagram of the heavy exposure pixel in every row and weak exposure pixel.Wherein at t
10Constantly, all long exposure photosensitive pixels are reset in the 1st row; At t
11Constantly, the pixel of all short exposures is reset in the 1st row; At t
12Constantly, all long exposure pixel values are read out, at t
13Constantly, all short exposure pixels are read out.At t
20All long exposure photosensitive pixels are reset in the 2nd row constantly; At t
21Constantly, the pixel of all short exposures is reset in the 2nd row; At t
22The moment and t
23Constantly, long exposure and the short exposure pixel of the 2nd row are read out respectively.The 3rd row and subsequent rows according to this rule are analogized.Be appreciated that in the readout sequence schematic diagram shown in Figure 2 t
12The moment and t
13Constantly can be synchronization, namely long exposure and short exposure pixel also can be read simultaneously.
Preferably, the time for exposure of each row and previous row are overlapping at least in part, have realized like this exposure of rolling, and have improved exposure rate and the frame per second of whole pel array.
In the execution mode of other variations, for providing different exposure characteristicses, pixel element itself can also be embodied as:
-be with the different susceptibility of this same hue type pixel arrangement spaced apart in delegation and the same row;
-be with the different gain of this same hue type pixel arrangement spaced apart in delegation and the same row.
Above configuration can be fixed up when imageing sensor is made.Perhaps, alternatively, pixel element is manufactured to and can be disposed in real time exposure characteristics, and a control circuit can be used in and is these pixel element configuration exposure characteristicses.
Concrete, this imageing sensor also contains an analysis module, is used for analyzing the contrast grade of the image for the treatment of sensing.The method of analyzing contrast grade is existing, and the histogram of analysis image for example when clear zone and dark space are too much, can think that contrast grade is too high; When perhaps analyzing two colour temperature districts gray-scale distribution being arranged, can think that contrast grade is too high.When contrast grade was higher than certain condition, above control circuit configuration had similar and different exposure characteristics with the same hue type pixel of delegation and same row, for example controls each pixel and has the different time for exposure; Otherwise control circuit for example has the identical time for exposure for the pixel of same hue type provides identical exposure characteristics.
In another embodiment, for different exposure characteristicses is provided to pel array, this imageing sensor is above pel array, also comprise the light transmission filter lens array, each printing opacity filter is used for allowing incident light to pass and be radiated at corresponding pixel, and, with this same hue type pixel spaced apart in delegation and the same row respectively corresponding printing opacity filter have different light transmittances, thereby make each pixel spaced apart have different exposure characteristicses.For example, the another kind of implementation of example shown in Figure 2 can be by distribute the filter with different light transmittances at each photosensitive pixel.For example, the photosensitive pixels such as the 1st, 2,5,6,9,10,13,14 of the 1st row and the 2nd row distribute the filter with low-transmittance; The photosensitive pixels such as the 3rd, 4,7,8,11,12,15,16 of the 1st row and the 2nd row distribute the filter with high transmission rate; The photosensitive pixels such as the 1st, 2,5,6,9,10,13,14 of the 3rd row and the 4th row distribute the filter with high transmission rate; The photosensitive pixels such as the 3rd, 4,7,8,11,12,15,16 of the 3rd row and the 4th row distribute the filter with low-transmittance; Other row according to this rule alternately repeats.
More than described aligning method and the structure of pel array, the below is for the interpolation method of this pel array.
When certain strong/weak exposure picture element interpolation being recovered it corresponding to the pixel value of weak/heavy exposure characteristic, equally distributed around utilizing, namely with delegation and same row weak/pixel value of heavy exposure characteristic carries out.Concrete, as shown in Figure 5, for long exposure pixel B
1, utilize four short exposure pixel values with delegation and same column distribution to carry out interpolation, obtain short exposure value corresponding to this point.Similarly, for long exposure pixel B
2, also use four short exposure pixel values that utilize with delegation and same column distribution to carry out interpolation.Through after such interpolation, each pixel will have long exposure value and short exposure value simultaneously, recycles the end value that aforesaid synthetic method obtains this point.Especially, as pointed among Fig. 5, these two adjacent long exposure picture element interpolations have used common short exposure pixel, do not have data interlace, and the image that recovers like this is difficult for producing defective.Certainly, when interpolation, can also further use and this pixel B
1The pixel value that the blue channel pixel of the short exposure of adjacent, different rows and/or different lines (tilted direction) provides.
Described above is application mode of the present utility model under three look RGB passages, and the utility model also is applicable under other color channels.It is to be these color scheme in three look RGB, three look CYM (blue or green, yellow, fuchsin), four look RGWB (red, green, white, indigo plant), four look CYWM (blue or green, yellow, white, fuchsin), four look RGEB (red, green, emerald green, indigo plant) and four look CYGM (blue or green, yellow, green, the fuchsin) passage at the different exposure characteristicses that dispose alternate intervals with delegation and same row that Fig. 4 top has provided respectively the utility model from left to right with the bottom from left to right.
Although in accompanying drawing and aforesaid description, illustrate in detail and described the utility model, should think that this is illustrated and describes is illustrative and exemplary, rather than restrictive; The utility model is not limited to above-mentioned execution mode.For example, more than use by force to describe with weak two kinds of exposure characteristicses, and in fact, exposure characteristics is not limited to two kinds, two or more exposure characteristicses also are feasible, and can improve the degree of refinement of exposure characteristics, thereby improve image quality.
The those skilled in the art of those the art can be by research specification, disclosed content and accompanying drawing and appending claims, and understanding and enforcement are to other changes of the execution mode of disclosure.In practical application of the present utility model, the function of a plurality of technical characterictics of quoting during a part possibility enforcement of rights requires.In the claims, word " comprises " element and the step of not getting rid of other, and wording " one " is not got rid of plural number.Any Reference numeral in the claim should not be construed as the restriction to scope.
Claims (9)
1. an imageing sensor contains pel array, it is characterized in that,
In the same delegation of this pel array, contain alternate intervals same hue type pixel that distribute, that have different exposure characteristicses, and,
In the same row of this pel array, contain alternate intervals this same hue type pixel that distribute, that have different exposure characteristicses.
2. imageing sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the same hue type pixel element itself of the same delegation in the described pel array and same row can be configured to have different exposure characteristicses.
3. imageing sensor according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described pixel be configured to following each:
-have different exposure times with delegation with this same hue type pixel spaced apart in the same row;
-have different susceptibilitys with delegation with this same hue type pixel spaced apart in the same row;
-have different gains with delegation with this same hue type pixel spaced apart in the same row.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described imageing sensors, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
Control circuit, the same hue type pixel that is used for disposing with delegation and same row has similar and different exposure characteristics;
Analysis module, be used for the contrast grade that the image of sensing is treated in analysis: when contrast grade was higher than certain condition, described control circuit provided different exposure characteristicses; Otherwise
Described control circuit provides identical exposure characteristics.
5. imageing sensor according to claim 4 is characterized in that, when described control circuit is during with delegation's exposure time different with this same hue type pixel arrangement spaced apart in the same row,
Respectively for successively each row of this pel array, described control circuit is in the first pixel that resets the first exposure characteristics in the delegation constantly, after the reset pixel of the second exposure characteristics in this row of second moment, subsequently:
After the 3rd constantly read the pixel value of entire row of pixels; Or
Constantly read the pixel value of the pixel of the first exposure characteristics the 3rd, and read the pixel value of the pixel of the second exposure characteristics in the 4th different moment;
And it is at least part of overlapping that described control circuit is controlled time for exposure of each row pixel.
6. imageing sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises:
The light transmission filter lens array is positioned on this pel array, and each printing opacity filter is used for allowing incident light to pass and be radiated at corresponding pixel, and,
With this same hue type pixel spaced apart in delegation and the same row respectively corresponding printing opacity filter have different light transmittances, thereby make each pixel spaced apart have different exposure characteristicses.
7. imageing sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this pel array has multicolour type pixel, one by one corresponding at least three kinds of colors,
Respectively for various coloured typies, this coloured typies be expert at and column in, have this kind coloured typies pixel of different exposure characteristicses spaced apart.
8. imageing sensor according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described pel array and multicolour type pixel correspondence following each:
-RGGB paxel arrays, the red, green, blue pixel;
-CYYM paxel arrays, blue or green, yellow, fuchsin pixel;
-RGWB paxel arrays, red, green, white, blue pixel;
-CYWM paxel arrays, blue or green, yellow, white, fuchsin pixel;
-RGEB paxel arrays, red, green, emerald green, blue pixel;
-CYGM paxel arrays, blue or green, yellow, green, fuchsin pixel.
9. imageing sensor according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described exposure characteristics comprises strong and weak two kinds of exposure characteristicses,
In this pel array, comprise that the 2x2 pixel groups of all coloured typies pixels has identical exposure characteristics,
Be alternately distributed the pixel groups of strong and weak exposure characteristics at the row/column direction of pel array.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102647565A (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2012-08-22 | 格科微电子（上海）有限公司 | Pixel array ranging method, image sensor and image sensing method |
| CN110476414A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2019-11-19 | 顶级公司 | Control system and imaging sensor |
| CN113691738A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2021-11-23 | 杜比实验室特许公司 | Generating HDR images from single shot HDR color image sensors |
-
2012
- 2012-04-18 CN CN 201220167452 patent/CN202856877U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102647565A (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2012-08-22 | 格科微电子（上海）有限公司 | Pixel array ranging method, image sensor and image sensing method |
| CN110476414A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2019-11-19 | 顶级公司 | Control system and imaging sensor |
| CN113691738A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2021-11-23 | 杜比实验室特许公司 | Generating HDR images from single shot HDR color image sensors |
| US11922639B2 (en) | 2018-06-07 | 2024-03-05 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | HDR image generation from single-shot HDR color image sensors |
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