CN202851869U - High-speed and heavy-load extensive cycloid gear - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a high-speed and heavy-load extensive cycloid gear which comprises an extensive cycloid gear and an extensive flat cycloid spline. The extensive cycloid gear and the extensive flat cycloid spline can be combined into various transmission pairs such as an inner gearing, an outer gearing, a gear and a spline meshing. The extensive cycloid gear completely conforms to natural laws, involvement does not exist, and amendment is not required. Compared with an involute gear, the meshing sliding rate of the extensive cycloid gear is only about 20% and is close to pure rolling. The high-speed and heavy-load extensive cycloid gear is strong in anti-gluing capacity, not prone to abrasion, small in noise, low in temperature rising, and large in root thickness, and loading capacity is about 1.5 times of the involute gear. The high-speed and heavy-load extensive cycloid gear is especially suitable for high-speed and heavy-load transmission. Hobbing and gear shaping machining is adopted, so that the minimum teeth number is five rootless undercutting. Under the condition that output power is equal and transmission ratio is approximate, modulus can be reduced, and gear ratio is reduced to corresponding less teeth number, so that the size of a transmission system is reduced by about 40%, and service life is prolonged by more than three times.

Description

At a high speed, the general cycloidal gear of heavy load

Technical field

The present invention relates to the general cycloidal gear of a kind of high speed, heavy load.The concept of general cycloid is: the equidistant curve on hypocycloid, epicycloid, yaw line and the short width of cloth, prolate cycloid and their both sides, derivation curve etc. is referred to as general cycloid; Hypocycloid, epicycloid, yaw line and the short width of cloth thereof, prolate cycloid are the special cases of general cycloid.The general cycloidal gear that is formed by the equidistant curve of the definite hypocycloid of the long coefficient lambda of the width of cloth, epicycloid, yaw line, the complete honor of tooth curve need not be revised according to math equation, meets natural general cycloid rule fully.

Background technique

Involute gear, circular tooth gear, cycloidal-pin wheel etc. are arranged in gear transmission, use general be involute gear, in in involute gear, meshing, existing involute interferes, profile overlap interference, radial interference, transition curve is interfered, and need to reach steady transmission by tooth-shape angle, modification coefficient, the high many-sided correction of tooth top, tip relief; The cycloidal-pin wheel transmission, its cycloid wheel is inboard equidistant curve flank profil and the pin tooth engagement of curtate epicycloid, and in fact cycloid wheel can not adopt the cycloidal tooth profile that meets equation, exists the monodentate top and interferes, interfere on the bidentate top, all must be modified to the compound tooth-shaped purpose that just can reach steady transmission.

The model utility content

The general cycloidal gear that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of high speed biography, heavy load.The general cycloidal gear that is meshed all is the basic circle pure rolling, and rule fully complies with the nature; Load-carrying ability is about 1.5 times of involute gears, and the engagement sliding ratio only has about 20% of involute, and engagement process is adapted to high-speed drive especially near pure rolling; The thickness at root of tooth of general cycloidal gear is more much larger than involute, does not have undercut, does not need tip relief, and interior engagement is without interference, and antiscuffing capacity is strong, and not easy to wear, noise is little, and temperature rise is low; Adopt gear hobbing, Gear Shaping, general cycloid minimum teeth number can reach 5 teeth without undercut; In the identical situation of output power, because thickness at root of tooth is more much larger than involute, load-carrying ability is large, can dwindle module is corresponding, in the situation that velocity ratio approaches, the gear ratio of gear pair can be reduced to rational minimum teeth number, therefore, the volume ratio involute of general cycloidal gear transmission system reduces about 40% at least, and be more than 3 times of involute gear working life.

Purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following scheme: owing to found the normal characteristics of motion of general cycloid, deduce hypocycloid, epicycloid, the mutual conjugation of yaw line three, derive normal, the equidistant curve of general cycloidal profile, three kinds of math equations of path of action of gear pair, find at a high speed, the general cycloidal gear of heavy load; The equidistant curve of definite hypocycloid, epicycloid, yaw line by the long coefficient lambda of the width of cloth and the general cycloidal profile that forms, the flank profil of general hypocycloid flank profil, general epicycloid flank profil, general yaw line tooth bar is described respectively with three equations:

General hypocycloid flank profil: $\left.\begin{array}{c}{X}_n=(R-r)\cos \mathrm{\θ}+\mathrm{r\λ}\cos (\mathrm{u\θ}-\mathrm{\θ})+C\frac{\cos \mathrm{\θ}-\mathrm{\λ}\cos (\mathrm{u\θ}-\mathrm{\θ})}{\sqrt{1+{\mathrm{\λ}}^2-2\mathrm{\λ}\cos \mathrm{u\θ}}}\\ Y_n=(R-r)\sin \mathrm{\θ}-\mathrm{r\λ}\sin (\mathrm{u\θ}-\mathrm{\θ})+C\frac{\sin \mathrm{\θ}-\mathrm{\λ}\sin (\mathrm{u\θ}-\mathrm{\θ})}{\sqrt{1+{\mathrm{\λ}}^2-2\mathrm{\λ}\cos \mathrm{u\θ}}}y\end{array}\right\}---\left(1\right)$

General epicycloid flank profil: $\left.\begin{array}{c}{X}_w=(R+r)\cos \mathrm{\θ}-\mathrm{r\λ}\cos (\mathrm{u\θ}+\mathrm{\θ})-C\frac{\cos \mathrm{\θ}-\mathrm{\λ}\cos (\mathrm{u\θ}+\mathrm{\θ})}{\sqrt{1+{\mathrm{\λ}}^2-2\mathrm{\λ}\cos \mathrm{u\θ}}}\\ Y_w=(R+r)\sin \mathrm{\θ}-\mathrm{r\λ}\sin (\mathrm{u\θ}+\mathrm{\θ})-C\frac{\sin \mathrm{\θ}-\mathrm{\λ}\sin (\mathrm{u\θ}+\mathrm{\θ})}{\sqrt{1+{\mathrm{\λ}}^2-2\mathrm{\λ}\cos \mathrm{u\θ}}}\end{array}\right\}---\left(2\right)$

General yaw line rack tooth profile: $\left.\begin{array}{c}{X}_p=\mathrm{r\θ}-\mathrm{r\λ}\sin \mathrm{\θ}+C\frac{\mathrm{\λ}\sin \mathrm{\θ}}{\sqrt{1+{\mathrm{\λ}}^2-2\mathrm{\λ}}\cos \mathrm{\θ}}\\ Y_p=r-\mathrm{r\λ}\cos \mathrm{\θ}+C\frac{\mathrm{\λ}\cos \mathrm{\θ}-1}{\sqrt{1+{\mathrm{\λ}}^2-2\mathrm{\λ}\cos \mathrm{\θ}}}\end{array}\right\}---\left(3\right)$

Above in three equations: the general cycloid basic circle of R-; The general cycloid of r-is justified; The long coefficient of λ-width of cloth, 0.85≤λ＜1; U-basic circle and the ratio that circle occurs, u=R/r; C-equidistantly is worth; θ-parameter, the corner at relative basic circle center, generation circle center.When modulus m is identical, capable of being combinedly go out that general cycloidal gear outer gearing is secondary, internal meshing pair, rack and pinion engagement is secondary.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

1, the engagement sliding ratio of general cycloidal gear only has about 20% of involute gear, and near pure rolling, antiscuffing capacity is strong in the engagement driving, and be more than 3 times of involute gear the working life of general cycloidal gear.

2, owing to the sliding ratio reduction about 80% of general cycloidal gear with respect to involute gear, therefore noise and temperature rise significantly reduce, therefore can reduce the backlash of gear pair, the minimum sideshake of involute gear is 0.074mm, the sideshake minimum of general cycloidal gear is 0.025mm, reduced backlash, the return difference precision of transmission process is improved.

3, because the thickness at root of tooth of general cycloidal gear is more much larger than involute, and load-carrying ability is about 1.5 times of involute gear, in the identical situation of load, can dwindle 30% with the gear pair modulus is corresponding.

4, involute gear is generally 13 teeth by the displacement minimum teeth number, and the minimum teeth number of general cycloidal gear is that 5 teeth do not exist undercut yet; Velocity ratio near the time, the gear ratio of general cycloid tooth wheel set can be reduced to rational minimum teeth number; And general cycloidal gear can improve through displacement the load-carrying ability of small gear equally.

5, with respect to involute gear, the volume of general cycloidal gear transmission system can reduce about at least 40%, makes transmission system weight saving, saves material, reduces energy consumption.

General cycloidal gear can be used for the gear transmission in the system of space flight, transportation, lathe, mine, metallurgy, petrochemical industry, weaving, light industry, food, wind-power electricity generation etc. various machineries.

Description of drawings

With reference to the accompanying drawings with embodiment to the detailed description of the invention:

Fig. 1 is the real schematic representation of general pendulum gear planetary transmission of the present invention; Among the figure (a) 1, output gear, 2, compound planet gear, 3, gear ring; Among the figure (b) 4, sun gear, 5, planet wheel, 6, gear ring.

Fig. 2 is that general cycloid helical gear of the present invention forms principle schematic; (a) is the amplification of (b) among the figure.

Fig. 3 is the contrast schematic representation of general cycloidal gear of the present invention and involute gear tooth profile intensity; Dotted line is the involute gear of same modulus among the figure, and solid line is three kinds of general cycloidal gears of same modulus.

Fig. 4 is the sliding ratio Calculation Comparison schematic representation of general cycloid tooth wheel set of the present invention and Involute Gear Pair; (a) is involute gear sliding ratio calculating chart among the figure, (b) is general cycloidal gear sliding ratio calculating chart.

Fig. 5 is general cycloidal gear displacement engagement shape schematic representation of the present invention; That centre distance is three kinds of engagements of a among the figure.

Fig. 6 is general cycloidal gear calculation of deflection schematic representation of the present invention; Z among the figure ₁With Z ₂, Z ₃In the situation of centre distance a=47, can both mesh.

Fig. 7 is general cycloidal gear tangent modification gear schematic representation of the present invention; The small gear of (a) is thin and weak among the figure, and small gear (b) is slightly better than (a), and small gear (c) is sturdy.

Fig. 8 is that general cycloidal gear minimum teeth number of the present invention is without undercut gear hobbing processing and bag Network line schematic representation; Among the figure 1, the general cycloidal gear of standard, 2, the general cycloidal gear of displacement, 3, the envelope of course of working, 4, hobboing cutter.

Fig. 9 is general cycloidal gear tooth bar mesh schematic representation of the present invention; (a), (b) are the general cycloid tooth wheel and racks of enclosed type among the figure, (c), (d) be the general cycloid tooth wheel and rack of more active profile.

Embodiment

Shown in Fig. 1 (a), the planetary transmission of the general cycloidal gear of enclosed shape of interior engagement driving, gear do not have tip circle and root circle, though the number of teeth what, all flank profils are closed curves, profile of tooth is plump, transmitted power is large; The general cycloidal profile of enclosed shape is epicycloidal inboard equal space line, or general hypocycloidal outside equidistant curve, and the long coefficient of its width of cloth reaches 0.85≤λ＜0.98, and this is that existing cycloidal gear institute is inaccessible.

Shown in Fig. 1 (b), be the general cycloidal gear planetary transmission of more active profile, sun gear is 6 teeth, and 3 planet wheels all are 6 teeth, and gear ring is 18 teeth; Sun gear and 3 planet wheels are outer gearings, and planet wheel and gear ring are interior engagements;

As shown in Figure 2, tooth form factor ψ is in order to determine the distribution of general cycloidal profile on basic circle R, the a point of the starting point of half general cycloid on the ox axle, intersect at the s point with basic circle R, ∠ soa=θ, ab, the cd section of general cycloid are removed, and the b-s-c line segment that keeps s point two edge points is done flank profil, and the span of the ψ of tooth form factor is 0≤ψ＜1; Get ψ=0.5, flank profil line 0.5 θ that turns clockwise is arrived s ' point, just formed more effective general cycloidal profile.Whether the general cycloid tooth wheel set of a pair of outer gearing stable drive, and contact ratio ε is crucial, ε＞1, then stable drive; Vibrations and noise must appear in ε＜1; ε=1, then trend vibrations and noise.Contact ratio ε and the tooth form factor of general cycloidal gear in engagement is closely related.This is the formation principle of general cycloidal profile.

As shown in Figure 3, dotted line a-d-e is involute profile, involute basic circle R _eDo not participate in engagement with interior dotted line; Solid line b-d-f is the general cycloidal profile of identical modulus (m), the number of teeth, and the two intersects at the d point; General cycloid basic circle R overlaps with the involute standard pitch circle; As can be seen from Figure, the thickness at root of tooth F of general cycloid is greater than involute thickness J, therefore in the situation that the facewidth equates, the yield strength of general cycloidal profile is greater than involute profile, the general cycloidal profile load-carrying ability of figure (a) is 1.33 times of involute, and load-carrying ability (b) is 1.44 times of involute, and the load-carrying ability of figure (c) is 1.51 times of involute, therefore in the situation that the facewidth equates, reduce modulus is corresponding, reduce the volume about 40% of transmission system.Simultaneously, in the situation of engagement without interference, the addendum of figure (a) reaches 1.2m, contact ratio ε=1.45 greater than involute; The addendum of figure (b) is 1.1m, and bearing capacity greater than involute, has been improved in ε=1.313; Figure (c) addendum equate with involute, its contact ratio ε=1.126, more smaller than involute, but still be ε＞1, kept stable drive.

As shown in Figure 4, be the calculating chart contrast of general cycloid tooth wheel set and Involute Gear Pair, their modulus all is m=2; The number of teeth all is z ₁=17, z ₂=20; The reference radius of involute gear equates with the Base radius of general cycloidal gear, i.e. R ₁=17, R ₂=20; The line of contact A-P-C of involute gear is straight line, and the actual line of action A-P-C of general cycloidal gear is curve; Formula according to gear engagement sliding ratio:

$\left.\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{\σ}}_1=l(1/R_1+1/R_2)/(l/R_1+1)\\ {\mathrm{\σ}}_2=l(1/R_1+1/R_2)/(l/R_2-1)\end{array}\right\}---\left(4\right)$

(4) in the formula, σ ₁, σ ₂-be respectively the sliding ratio of two phase gears;

R ₁, R ₂-be two general cycloidal gear Base radius, be reference radius for involute gear;

L-is the calculated value of sliding ratio.

Two calculated maximum l of general cycloid tooth wheel set ₁=4.77505, l ₂=4.73369; The l of Involute Gear Pair ₁=13.43778, l ₂=13.07493.

Two maximum sliding ratio: σ of general cycloid tooth wheel set ₁=0.4057 and 0.0.4029; σ ₂=-0.6826 and-0.6749.

The sliding ratio area of general cycloid tooth wheel set: 3.1679mm ²

Two maximum sliding ratio: σ of Involute Gear Pair ₁=0.81674 and 0.8043; σ ₂=-4.457 and-4.1093.

The sliding ratio area of Involute Gear Pair: 17.03028mm ²

The sliding ratio Area Ratio of general cycloid and Involute Gear Pair: 3.1679/17.03028=18.6%.

The contact ratio ε of general cycloid tooth wheel set=1.27; The contact ratio ε of Involute Gear Pair=1.25; The contact ratio of general cycloid is slightly larger than involute.

Contrast thus, demonstrate the superiority of general cycloidal gear.

As shown in Figure 5, be the general cycloidal gear of displacement, modulus m=2, Z ₁=18, Z ₂=27, Z ₃=30, pass through Z ₁Slip on axle can be respectively and Z ₂And Z ₃Can both conjugation mesh, reach shifted; Figure (a) is 18 teeth and the engagement of 30 teeth; (b) be that 18 teeth and 30 and 27 teeth mesh simultaneously; (c) be the engagement of 18 teeth and 27 teeth, and 27,30 teeth are identical with the back lash of 18 teeth, transmission stability too.

As shown in Figure 6, be the calculating chart of modified gear Fig. 5, z ₁Base radius be R18, z ₂Be R27, z ₃Be R30; z ₁With z ₂Reference center distance be a=45mm, z ₁With z ₃A=48mm; Set centre distance a=47mm, the distribution of addendum modification: z ₁Normal shift+0.6mm, z ₂Normal shift+1.4mm, z ₃Negative addendum modification-1.6mm.General cycloidal gear owing to do not exist is interfered and undercut, need not revise, and the tooth top that only need consider normal shift when calculation of deflection does not come to a point and gets final product; Need not consider the undercut problem after minimum gear (5 tooth) displacement yet; And the calculation of deflection of general cycloidal gear is simpler than involute gear.

As shown in Figure 7, tangent modification is the exclusive displacement form of general cycloidal gear; The number of teeth z of three pairs of gears, r, R ₁, R ₂Identical etc. every data; The ψ of (a)=0.72, ε=1.31 among the figure, it is sturdy that gearwheel seems, and small gear is too thin and weak must to cause intensity and life-span relatively poor; (b) ψ=0.75, ε=1.292, situation is slightly better than (a), (c) ψ=0.77, ε=1.333, small gear is sturdy, suitable with the coupling of gearwheel, the life-span is suitable, comparative analysis, (c) contact ratio is than (a) and (b) all large, and it is proper to get (c) this ψ to gear, ε in actual the use.

As shown in Figure 8, the left side is general cycloidal gear hob processing criterion gear, also is wheel and rack engagement De Bao Network line; The right is general cycloid bobbing cutter processing modified gear, also is the bag Network line of profile shifted gear wheel and rack engagement.Involute gear has undercut below 15 teeth in gear hobbing or Gear Shaping; General cycloidal gear carries out gear hobbing at minimum 5 teeth can undercut.General cycloidal gear is 5 teeth without undercut, without the minimum teeth number of interfering; In the identical or approaching situation of velocity ratio, can reduce the number of teeth, make the transmission system volume be reduced to optimum degree.

As shown in Figure 9, (a) being the engagement of the general epicycloidal gear of enclosed shape type spiral and helical rack, (b) is the engagement of the general inner cycloidal gear of enclosed shape spiral and helical rack; (c) being more effective general cycloid straight-tooth wheel and rack engagement, (d) is the more general cycloidal gear of effective helix angle and helical rack engagement.They are expanded, and general cycloid tooth bar develops into general cycloid bobbing cutter, gear shaper cutter, can be at gear hobbing machine, carry out general cycloidal gear, rack cutting processing at gear shaping machine.

General machine driven system is before dropping into normal the use (such as automobile), that a running-in operation phase need to be arranged, general cycloidal gear is not owing to there is undercut, also without any interference, need not revise, tip relief, the natural law that meets general cycloid, therefore the transmission system of general cycloidal gear does not need running-in, can directly come into operation.

Claims (10)

1. One kind adapt at a high speed, the general cycloidal gear of heavy load; The general cycloidal profile that it is characterized by the equidistant curve of the hypocycloid definite by the long coefficient lambda of the width of cloth, epicycloid, yaw line and form is described respectively general hypocycloid flank profil, general epicycloid flank profil, general yaw line rack tooth profile with three equations;

   General hypocycloid flank profil:

   General epicycloid flank profil:

   

   General yaw line rack tooth profile:

   In three equations: the general cycloid basic circle of R-; The general cycloid of r-is justified; The long coefficient of λ-width of cloth, 0.85≤λ＜1; U-basic circle and the ratio that circle occurs, u=R/r; C-equidistantly is worth; θ-parameter, the corner at relative basic circle center, generation circle center.
2. 2. the general cycloidal gear of high speed according to claim 1, heavy load; It is characterized by the long coefficient value scope of the width of cloth of the general cycloidal gear of enclosed shape in 0.85≤λ＜0.98.
3. 3. the general cycloidal gear of high speed according to claim 1, heavy load; It is characterized by engagement in the general epicycloidal tooth wheel set of the identical enclosed shape of the modulus conjugation.
4. 4. the general cycloidal gear of high speed according to claim 1, heavy load; It is characterized by engagement in the general hypocycloidal tooth wheel set of the identical enclosed shape of the modulus conjugation.
5. 5. the general cycloidal gear of high speed according to claim 1, heavy load; It is characterized by the identical general cycloid tooth wheel set of the more active profile conjugation outer gearing of modulus.
6. 6. the general cycloidal gear of high speed according to claim 1, heavy load; It is characterized by engagement in the identical general cycloid tooth wheel set of the more active profile conjugation of modulus.
7. 7. the general cycloidal gear of high speed according to claim 1, heavy load; It is characterized by the engagement of the identical general cycloidal gear of more active profile of modulus and general yaw line tooth bar conjugation.
8. 8. the general cycloidal gear of high speed according to claim 1, heavy load; It is characterized by the identical general cycloidal gear of more active profile of modulus can be the general cycloidal gear of straight-tooth, also can be the general cycloidal gear of spiral (tiltedly) tooth.
9. 9. the general cycloidal gear of high speed according to claim 1, heavy load; It is characterized by more, the general cycloidal gear of active profile can be the general cycloidal gear of standard; It can be the general cycloidal gear of displacement.
10. 10. the general cycloidal gear of high speed according to claim 1, heavy load; It is characterized by more, the general cycloidal gear of active profile can be the general cycloidal gear of tangent modification.

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