CN202794042U - Device for quickly and preliminarily judging soil type through panoramic annulus photographic method - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for quickly and preliminarily judging soil type through a panoramic annulus photographic method. The device is characterized in that a support pillar is vertically fixed on a pedestal; one end holes of two beams are fixedly formed on the support pillar; an annulus camera connecting rod passes through the other end holes of the two beams; a panoramic annulus camera and a micro laser distance measuring instrument probe are arranged at the lower end of the annulus camera connecting rod; the probe is connected with a host machine of a laser distance measuring instrument, and the host machine of the laser distance measuring instrument is arranged on the beam at the upper surface together with a transmission system; a gear in the transmission system is engaged with the gear on the side surface of the annulus camera connecting rod and moves in a central hole of the pedestal; and the camera is linked with a computer. According to the device for quickly and preliminarily judging the soil type through the panoramic annulus photographic method, the device moves to the top of a soil cave of the oil to be tested, the camera vertically and downwards moves to the part to be detected in the soil cave through a stepping motor, and the camera is controlled by the computer to shoot while upwards moving every 5cm; and the linear method is carried out to expand the panoramic annulus image into a rectangular image; and the similarity between the expanded image and the profile image of the standard soil type is measured according to the relevancy of the texture characteristics of the image, thus quickly determining the type of the soil.

Description

A kind of device that utilizes the quick anticipation soil types of overall view ring belt Photographic technique

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of device of soil types, especially relates to a kind of device that utilizes the quick anticipation soil types of overall view ring belt Photographic technique.

Background technology

Soil refers to produce the loose level of the earth top of plant results, is the base of agricultural production, is the important component part of earth surface system physical geographic environment.The dissimilar soil because the difference of the factors of soil formation, top are distributing correctly carries out the classification of soils and drawing is the basis of understanding soil, carries out especially land valuation, land use planning and suits measures to local conditions to promote agrotechnical foundation.

Conventional field soil type pre-judging method normally by excavating soil profile, learn background condition and comprehensively judge by its properties and characteristics of paired observation and ground.Under the field work condition, naturally exposed section can ready-made utilization and excavate dark, extension is wide, continuity good.But the artificial section mining process is wasted time and energy, and under the different situations width of major profile, the degree of depth etc. is required differently, also needs to arrange in addition and checks section and a large amount of demarcation section.For guaranteeing the quality of soil types investigation achievement, the soil profile of some must be set within the specific limits, this has determined directly that also the soil profile field acquisition must be a very hard work.

The soil types of recent development or the method for discrimination of characteristic mainly are to utilize digital image processing techniques, mainly be to utilize Soil section and CT(CR scanning technology at present), the SEM(scanning electron microscope) etc. digital picture is carried out soil aperture fractal characteristic (He Juan, Liu Jianli, Lv Fei. based on the soil aperture fractal characteristic research of CT digital picture. soil, 2008, (04): 662-666), soil microscopic feature (Zhang Rui, Zhang Xiaolong, Tang Hui, Huang Ying. soil body SEM image quantitative analysis system and application. Jiangxi Normal University's journal (natural science edition), 2011,5 (2): 165-169.).The Li De of Nanjing Soil Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences becomes to wait the variation (Li Decheng of soil section and digital image method research soil porosity on the section vertical direction that utilizes excavation, VELDE B, DELERUE J F, Zhang Taolin. utilize the vertical spatial variability in soil section and digital image method research soil aperture. soil and environment, 2000,9(2): 135-138.).But in these researchs, the section of soil must at first will be excavated sampling, then will be cured and wait secondary treating, and research process is complexity comparatively, and used image imaging apparatus expensive, research cycle are longer.The endless belt method for imaging that utilizes be based on 360 ° of visual angles stare omnidirectional imaging system, use novel cylinder/plane projection image-forming principle method that obtain, that can realize 360 ° of endless belt aerial images, its visual field is hemisphere even surpasses hemisphere that the method has a wide range of applications in fields such as aviation, national defence, medical science, geologic prospectings at present.

In above-mentioned research, the method for utilizing the quick anticipation soil types of overall view ring belt Photographic technique and the research of device be there is not yet report.

Summary of the invention

Differentiate time-consuming, effort, long defective of cycle in order to overcome existing soil types, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of device that utilizes the quick anticipation soil types of overall view ring belt Photographic technique.

The technical solution adopted in the utility model is:

Base in circle has center pit, pillar is vertically fixed on the base, install and fix screw and set screw below the base and be the equilateral triangle layout, the glass horizontal bubble is fixed on above the base, one stomidium of first crossbeam and second cross beam is separately fixed on the pillar from bottom to up, the other end of first crossbeam and second cross beam has the hole, two holes are coaxial with centre hole of base, endless belt camera connecting link passes another stomidium of first crossbeam and second cross beam, the overall view ring belt camera is installed in endless belt camera connecting link lower end, the overall view ring belt camera is equipped with miniature laser stadimeter probe down outward, miniature laser stadimeter probe is connected with band display screen miniature laser stadimeter main frame by cable, endless belt camera connecting link upper end has the groove that extension rod is installed, band display screen miniature laser stadimeter main frame and kinematic train are contained in respectively above the second cross beam, gear in the kinematic train is meshed with endless belt camera connecting link side tooth bar, make endless belt camera connecting link drive the overall view ring belt camera and in centre hole of base, do the upper of vertical direction, lower movement, the overall view ring belt camera links by cable and computing machine.

There is tooth bar described extension rod side, and the end projection of extension rod is inserted the groove internal locking that extension rod is installed and is integral.

Described kinematic train is comprised of stepper motor, the gear and the ratchet and pawl arrangement that are installed on the step motor shaft.

The beneficial effect that the utlity model has is:

The utility model is to utilize the hole wall that is in sustained height in the cylindrical soil cave that the overall view ring belt camera work is can be disposable vertical with, diameter is very little to be imaged as the overall view ring belt image, after overall view ring belt image spread, splicing, by calculating the similarity of stitching image and standard soil types, need not excavate very large soil profile, can the Quick soil types.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is three-dimensional structure diagram of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is the extension rod stereographic map.

Fig. 3 is the plane structure chart of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is overall view ring belt image tangential direction spreading principle figure.

Fig. 5 is overall view ring belt image synoptic diagram.

Fig. 6 is that the overall view ring belt image tangentially launches vertical view.

Among the figure: 1, base, 2, pillar, 3, first crossbeam, 4, kinematic train, 5, second cross beam, 6, trip bolt, 7, groove, 8, set screw, 9, the glass horizontal bubble, 10, center pit, 11, the overall view ring belt camera, 12, miniature laser stadimeter probe, 13, band display screen miniature laser stadimeter main frame, 14, endless belt camera connecting link, 15, extension rod, 16, fixed orifice, 17, projection, 18, gib screw.

Embodiment

The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example.

Such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, base 1 in circle has center pit 10, pillar 2 is vertically fixed on the base 1, install and fix screw 18 and set screw 8 below the base 1 and be the equilateral triangle layout, glass horizontal bubble 10 is fixed on above the base 1, glass horizontal bubble 10 is positioned at the centre position of two set screw 8 circle center line connectings, one stomidium of first crossbeam 3 and second cross beam 5 is separately fixed on the pillar 2 from bottom to up, the other end of first crossbeam 3 and second cross beam 5 has the hole, two holes are coaxial with base 1 center pit 10, endless belt camera connecting link 14 passes another stomidium of first crossbeam 3 and second cross beam 5, overall view ring belt camera 11 is installed in endless belt camera connecting link 14 lower ends, the overall view ring belt camera 11 outer miniature laser stadimeter probes 12 that are equipped with down, miniature laser stadimeter probe 12 is connected with band display screen miniature laser stadimeter main frame 13 by cable, endless belt camera connecting link 14 upper ends have the groove 7 that extension rod 15 is installed, groove 7 sides have three holes, band display screen miniature laser stadimeter main frame 13 and kinematic train 4 are contained in respectively above the second cross beam 5, gear in the kinematic train 4 is meshed with endless belt camera connecting link 14 side tooth bars, make endless belt camera connecting link 14 drive overall view ring belt camera 11 and in base 1 center pit 10, do the upper of vertical direction, lower movement, overall view ring belt camera 11 links by cable and computing machine.

There is tooth bar described extension rod 15 sides, an end projection 17 of extension rod 15, and protruding 17 sides have three fixed orifices 16, and the end projection 17 of extension rod 15 is inserted in the groove 7 of endless belt camera connecting link 14 upper ends, is integral with 6 lockings of three trip bolts.

Described kinematic train 4 is comprised of stepper motor, the gear and the ratchet and pawl arrangement that are installed on the step motor shaft.

The step of the method is as follows:

1) device location: device is moved to above the vertical circular soil cave of soil to be measured, the device pedestal circular hole is aimed at fully with the soil cave top, two Level tune screws of regulating device seat make the device pedestal level;

2) overall view ring belt camera location: miniature laser stadimeter reading zero clearing; Stepper motor passes through rack and pinion drive, driving endless belt camera connecting link drive overall view ring belt camera does mobile vertically downward, the range reading that shows when the miniature laser stadimeter is than overall view ring belt camera body length and lens length sum just during large 1cm, close power supply for step-by-step motor, this moment, overall view ring belt camera present position was the reference position of taking pictures; Begin from here, the every pan-up 5cm of overall view ring belt camera is the position of taking pictures, and automatically controls the pan-up of overall view ring belt camera to position to be taken pictures by the pulse signal that is applied on the stepper motor.

3) photographic images: in each position of taking pictures, by the computer control overall view ring belt camera endless belt image that pans, photo is stored in the hard disc of computer with the BMP form.

When taking pictures, with the distance counting zero clearing with display screen miniature laser stadimeter main frame 13, the projection 17 of extension rod 15 is cooperated with the groove 7 of endless belt camera connecting link 14, the two is tightened together by fixed orifice 16 with three each and every one trip bolts 6.Unclamp the ratchet in the kinematic train 4, unclamp the clamping device of kinematic train, apply a reflected impulse for the stepper motor of kinematic train 4, when making the stepper motor running, endless belt camera connecting link 14 is done mobile vertically downward, it is mobile vertically downward to drive overall view ring belt camera 11, in this process, the range information that main frame 13 receiving transducers 12 of miniature laser stadimeter pass over, when the display screen reading on the main frame 13 of miniature laser stadimeter during just greater than length (length that comprises fuselage and the camera lens) 1cm of overall view ring belt camera 11, close the power supply of kinematic train 4 stepper motors, this moment is because Action of Gravity Field, overall view ring belt camera 11, endless belt camera connecting link 14 and extension rod 15 meeting free-fallings, just because of Action of Gravity Field, the automatic mesh ratchet gear of the ratchet of kinematic train meeting produces a reacting force, stop overall view ring belt camera 11, endless belt camera connecting link 14 and extension rod 15 continue mobile vertically downward, and the initial position of overall view ring belt photography is namely carried out in the position of this moment.

Apply a forward electric pulse for the stepper motor that passes to system 4, it is mobile vertically upward that endless belt camera connecting link 14 and extension rod 15 are done, and it is upwards for vertical movement to drive simultaneously overall view ring belt camera 11, and mobile distance is determined by the size of pulse.

Overall view ring belt camera 11 is beginning from soil cave bottom 1cm, and every pan-up 5cm carries out once photo taking.Overall view ring belt camera 11 links by cable and computing machine, and is finished each time by computer control and to take pictures, and photo is stored in the hard disc of computer with the BMP form.

The step that data are processed is as follows:

1) image spread: adopt linearization technique with the orthogonal image of overall view ring belt image spread, minute linearization of tangent line direction and two processes of radial direction linearization.

1. tangential direction linearization: the endless belt image is based on plane cylinder (Flat Cylinder Perspective, FCP) scenography imaging, and the tangential direction spreading principle is seen Fig. 4.

Therefore, according to the FCP image-forming principle, all straight lines that are parallel to optical axis converge at a bit in the endless belt image on the face of cylinder, all to the optical axis angulation be after the some imaging of θ for radius is the circle of ρ, wherein:

ρ=kθ （1）

In the formula, k is a linear coefficient, is determined by k=Δ ρ/Δ θ, as shown in Figure 5.

In Fig. 4, OO ' is systematic optical axis, and O is system's entrance pupil, and for certain line segment AB, 2 of A, B connect the O point optical axis angulation is θ, if plane ABC is vertical with optical axis, then circular arc ACB any point connection O point is θ to the optical axis angulation., its picture is circular arc A ' C ' B ' (such as Fig. 5), for radius is one section circular arc of ρ=k θ, connects AB, any point P on it, and connection OP establishes it and O O ' angulation is θ ', and it is imaged as the P ' among Fig. 5, then:

P '=k θ ' (2) then P ' must be on circular arc A ' C ' B '.If cylindrical radius is r, O ₁Distance to AB is d, O ₁P ₁Be l, as shown in Figure 6, then:

l＝d/sin(π-arcsin(d/r)-a+γ （3）

θ′＝arctan(l/h) （4）

In the formula, h is OO ₂Distance.By h=r/tan θ, formula (3) substitution formula (4), can get:

${\mathrm{\θ}}^{\′}=\arctan \left(\frac{d\tan \mathrm{\θ}}{\mathrm{\γ}\sin (\arcsin (d/r)+\mathrm{\α}-\mathrm{\γ})}\right)---\left(5\right)$

2. radial direction linearization.Because the overall view ring belt image diametrically sometimes neither be linear, and the rectangular image that 1. obtains is stretched in vertical direction, is called radially linearization.

Because it is theoretical that the FCP sciagraphy is followed f-θ, so the overall view ring belt image of equidistant loop wire be with radius increase spacing large annulus gradually on the cylinder.So also need radial development through the tangential image that launches.Tradition imaging image height satisfies f-tan θ relation, so image height h ' satisfies with original endless belt image image height h after launching:

h′=h tanθ/θ (6)

Be stored in the computing machine with the BMP form through the rectangular image after radially and tangentially launching.

2) Image Mosaics: by the position of taking pictures, from first image of soil cave top, by order from top to bottom, with totally four of the rectangular images after the expansion of every continuous four positions of taking pictures, in Photoshop CS5, adopt the automatic Image Stitching function, be spliced into a large image by from top to bottom order.Spliced image is stored in the computing machine with the BMP form.

3) image similarity calculates: the correlativity between the textural characteristics of calculating unfolded image spliced map and 4 width of cloth standard pictures, come the similarity between the dimensioned plan picture.

1. the co-occurrence matrix of computed image:

A (i, j) is representing the distance of difference in the image and is being respectively i-1 and the right number of the such pixel of j-1 for two pixel gray-scale values of (a, b).A (i, j) is carried out normalization:

$P(i,j)=A(i,j)/\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{j}{\mathrm{\Σ}}A(j,j)---\left(7\right)$

In the formula, P (i, j) is the matrix element of the two-dimentional co-occurrence matrix of a 256*256.Result of calculation is stored in the hard disc of computer.

2. computed image textural characteristics:

From co-occurrence matrix, extract the eigenwert of representative image texture, comprising:

A, energy

$E=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{j}{\mathrm{\Σ}}P{(j,j)}^2---\left(8\right)$

B, contrast

$I=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{j}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{(i-j)}^{2}P(j,j)---\left(9\right)$

C, information entropy

$S=-\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{j}{\mathrm{\Σ}}P(j,j)\log P(j,j)---\left(10\right)$

D, unfavourable balance distance

$H=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}\underset{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="j"\; filenames="DEST\_PATH\_HDA00002513517400011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">j</figure-callout>}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}\frac{1}{1+{(i-j)}^2}P(j,j)---\left(11\right)$

E, correlativity

$R=\frac{\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}\underset{j}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}\mathrm{ijP}(i,j)-{\mathrm{\&mu;}}_x{\mathrm{\&mu;}}_y}{{{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_x}^2{{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_x}^2}---\left(12\right)$

In the formula, μ _x, μ _yBe inequality, ${\mathrm{\&mu;}}_x=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}i\underset{j}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}P(i,j),$ ${\mathrm{\&mu;}}_y=\underset{j}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}j\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}P(i,j),$ σ _x, σ _yBe standard deviation, ${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_x=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}{(1-{\mathrm{\&mu;}}_x)}^2\underset{j}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}P(i,j),$ $\mathrm{\&sigma;y}=\underset{j}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}{(1-{\mathrm{\&mu;}}_y)}^2\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}P(i,j).$

More than 5 textural characteristics form texture feature vectors (E, I, S, H, R), be stored in the hard disc of computer, in order to carry out correlation calculations.

3. calculate correlativity

To calculate a width of cloth stitching image of gained in 2. and the texture feature vector of 4 width of cloth soil types standard pictures utilizes formula (13) to calculate respectively the correlativity of stitching image and 4 width of cloth soil types standard pictures:

$r=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{x}_i{y}_i}{\underset{i=1}{\overset{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="n\; x\; i"\; filenames="DEST\_PATH\_HDA00002513517400011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">n</figure-callout>}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{x_i}^{}{{}_{}}^2+\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{y_i}^2-\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{x}_i{y}_i}---\left(13\right)$

In the formula, r is correlativity, and r is larger, illustrates that then two width of cloth images are more similar, and r=1 illustrates that two width of cloth images are just the same.Correlativity calculation result sees attached list 1.

4) soil types Quick: according to subordinate list 1, can draw: the correlativity of spliced map and the 1st width of cloth standard picture is 0.85, and large than other illustrates that this two width of cloth image similarity is greater than other.That is to say that soil types corresponding to stitching image be more near the corresponding soil types of the 1st standard picture, thereby realize the Quick of soil types.

5) whole calculating adopts the Matlab programming to realize.

Table 1 correlativity calculation result

Standard drawing	Similarity
		The 1st width of cloth	0.85
The 2nd width of cloth	0.64
		The 3rd width of cloth	0.23
The 4th width of cloth	0.26

Claims (3)

1. device that utilizes the quick anticipation soil types of overall view ring belt Photographic technique, it is characterized in that: the base (1) in circle has center pit (10), pillar (2) is vertically fixed on the base (1), install and fix screw (18) and set screw (8) below the base (1) and be the equilateral triangle layout, glass horizontal bubble (10) is fixed on above the base (1), one stomidium of first crossbeam (3) and second cross beam (5) is separately fixed on the pillar (2) from bottom to up, the other end of first crossbeam (3) and second cross beam (5) has the hole, two holes are coaxial with base (1) center pit (10), endless belt camera connecting link (14) passes another stomidium of first crossbeam (3) and second cross beam (5), overall view ring belt camera (11) is installed in endless belt camera connecting link (14) lower end, the outer miniature laser stadimeter probe (12) that is equipped with down of overall view ring belt camera (11), miniature laser stadimeter probe (12) is connected with band display screen miniature laser stadimeter main frame (13) by cable, endless belt camera connecting link (14) upper end has the groove (7) that extension rod (15) is installed, band display screen miniature laser stadimeter main frame (13) and kinematic train (4) are contained in respectively above the second cross beam (5), gear in the kinematic train (4) is meshed with endless belt camera connecting link (14) side tooth bar, make endless belt camera connecting link (14) drive overall view ring belt camera (11) and in base (1) center pit (10), do the upper of vertical direction, lower movement, overall view ring belt camera (11) links by cable and computing machine.

2. a kind of device that utilizes the quick anticipation soil types of overall view ring belt Photographic technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: there is tooth bar described extension rod (15) side, and groove (7) internal locking that the end projection (17) of extension rod (15) is inserted endless belt camera connecting link (14) upper end is integral.

3. a kind of device that utilizes the quick anticipation soil types of overall view ring belt Photographic technique according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described kinematic train (4) is comprised of stepper motor, the gear and the ratchet and pawl arrangement that are installed on the step motor shaft.

Images