CN202711118U

CN202711118U - Enlightenment abacus

Info

Publication number: CN202711118U
Application number: CN 201220397987
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱裕和
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-08-13
Filing date: 2012-08-13
Publication date: 2013-01-30
Anticipated expiration: 2022-08-13

Abstract

The utility model provides an enlightenment abacus, relates to the technical field of school education tools and aims at solving the technical problem that calculation pithy formulas of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations of a transitional abacus are abstruse, abstract, hard to understand and remember and the like. The enlightenment abacus is composed of a rectangular frame (1), a middle cross beam (5), bridges (8) and abacus beads, wherein the rectangular frame is composed of a frame upper outer blocking plate (1), a frame lower outer blocking plate (2), a frame left outer blocking plate (3) and a frame right outer blocking plate (4), and the middle cross beam (5) is arranged between the frame left outer blocking plate (3) and the frame right outer blocking plate (4) and parallel to the frame upper outer blocking plate (1) and the frame lower outer blocking plate (2). Five bridges (8) parallel to the frame left outer blocking plate (3) and the frame right outer blocking plate (4) are arranged in the rectangular frame at intervals, each of bridges (8) is divided into an upper crosspiece and a lower crosspiece by the middle cross beam (5), and three upper crosspiece abacus beads (7) are stringed on the upper crosspiece, and tem lower crosspiece abacus beads (6) are stringed on the lower crosspiece.

Description

Enlightening abacus

Technical field

The utility model relates to school eduaction apparatus technical field, especially for the Enlightening abacus of the student of the kindergarten top class in a kindergarten and the universal rechoning by the abacus knowledge of primary grades student.

Background technology

Present general abacus, be mainly traditional abacus or bead core abacus, i.e. seven abacus, five-bead abacus etc., for the people who begins to learn rechoning by the abacus, comparatively difficulty of this type of abacus is used in study, abstract, the hard to understand difficult note of the computing pithy formula Shen Austria such as addition subtraction multiplication and division especially wherein, indigestibility have increased primary grades Students ' Learning and the difficulty of using abacus.And owing to lack at present in detail intuitively abacus teaching process, child and pupil have just lacked from directly perceived to the process of cognition abstract, from the perception to the rational faculty, therefore, abacus teaching is faced with the predicament that the difficult Teaching-with of teacher, student find it difficult to learn, according to the actual state investigation and analysis of China's town and country abacus use in nearly more than 100 years after the pre-peaceful liberation period, can learn and use the people of abacus also not reach 5 percent.

Summary of the invention

The utility model is intended to solve traditional abacus and has the technical matterss such as abstract, the hard to understand difficult note of the computing pithy formula Shen Austria such as addition subtraction multiplication and division, indigestibility, with provide have need not abstract pithy formula, be easy to learn and use, the Enlightening abacus of simple in structure, the advantage such as cost of manufacture is low.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions.

Enlightening abacus of the present utility model is made of rectangular shaped rim, intermediate transverse girder 5, bridge 8 and bead, and wherein rectangular shaped rim is made of outer baffle 2, the left outside baffle plate 3 of frame and the right outside baffle plate 4 of housing under outer baffle on the frame 1, the frame; Intermediate transverse girder 5 is located between the left outside baffle plate 3 of frame and the right outside baffle plate 4 of housing and is parallel on the frame outer baffle 2 under the outer baffle 1 and frame; Equidistantly be provided with 5 bridges 8 that are parallel to the left outside baffle plate 3 of frame and the right outside baffle plate 4 of housing in the rectangular shaped rim, each bridge 8 is divided into two grades up and down by intermediate transverse girder 5, and performs and be installed with 3 beads 7 that perform, and lower gear is installed with 10 lower gear beads 6.

Enlightening abacus of the present utility model, wherein said bead are spherical or coniform or hexa-prism.

Enlightening abacus of the present utility model, the upper surface of wherein said intermediate transverse girder 5 from right to left corresponding to the position of 5 bridges 8 indicate, ten, hundred, thousand, ten thousand.

Enlightening abacus of the present utility model, the back of wherein said rectangular shaped rim is provided with base plate 9, and base plate 9 is marked with the plus and minus calculation pithy formula.

Enlightening abacus beneficial effect of the present utility model: know number in conjunction with children, the number number, the understanding decimal number, from intuitively, the bead that need not perform first, do not increase with every the bead that performs, the abstract concept of expression natural number 5, the people that make children and begin to learn abacus be familiar with the decimal system tens of in, or in hundred, or in thousand, or in ten thousand, just can use Enlightening abacus of the present utility model to carry out plus and minus calculation, especially can excite the preschool child's of kindergarten the interest of begining to learn rechoning by the abacus, alleviate difficulty and the burden of first grade of primary school infantile study mathematics, improve the accuracy of arithmetic speed and operation result, reduce the time of arithmetic operation calculating process, save the computing foul papers, environmental protection is conducive to the student and uses one's hands and brains, at the game learning, meet the spirit of country's 2010-2020 phases educational development outline.

Simultaneously, Enlightening abacus of the present utility model has kept traditional abacus and has used outstanding pearl (will perform and place middle part expression 10) at interior all calculation functions, to innovate division and need not hang pearl, and additive operation has saved five goes four, go 3 two times five, go for three times five to go for two, four times five on one, six one to go five to advance one, two go five to advance one on seven, three go five to advance on one, nine four and go five to advance one on eight, full slender acanthopanax and advance ten pithy formulas the fifth day of the first lunar month, subtraction has saved on one four and has gone five, three go on five, three two to go on five, four one to go five on two, six move back one also five goes one, seven move back one also five goes two, eight to move back one and also five go three, nine to move back one and also five went subtract for four fifth day of the first lunar months, move back the pithy formulas such as subtracting of ten benefits five, the abstract children's difficulty that makes of this two classes pithy formula Shen Austria is remembered indigestibility hard to understand, saves the pithy formula of very abstract key, has just broken through the difficulty of rechoning by the abacus plus and minus calculation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 structural representation of the present utility model

Fig. 2 uses the utility model to carry out additive operation process synoptic diagram one

Fig. 3 uses the utility model to carry out additive operation process synoptic diagram two

Fig. 4 uses the utility model to carry out subtraction process synoptic diagram one

Fig. 5 uses the utility model to carry out subtraction process synoptic diagram two

The number in the figure explanation:

Perform bead, 8 bridges, 9 base plates of outer baffle, the left outside baffle plate of 3 frames, the right outside baffle plate of 4 housings, 5 intermediate transverse girders, 6 lower gear beads, 7 under outer baffle, 2 frames on 1 frame

Embodiment

The utility model detailed construction, application principle, effect and effect with reference to accompanying drawing 1-5, are explained by following embodiment.

Enlightening abacus of the present utility model is made of rectangular shaped rim, intermediate transverse girder 5, bridge 8 and bead, and wherein rectangular shaped rim is made of outer baffle 2, the left outside baffle plate 3 of frame and the right outside baffle plate 4 of housing under outer baffle on the frame 1, the frame; Intermediate transverse girder 5 is located between the left outside baffle plate 3 of frame and the right outside baffle plate 4 of housing and is parallel on the frame outer baffle 2 under the outer baffle 1 and frame; Equidistantly be provided with 5 bridges 8 that are parallel to the left outside baffle plate 3 of frame and the right outside baffle plate 4 of housing in the rectangular shaped rim, each bridge 8 is divided into two grades up and down by intermediate transverse girder 5, and performs and be installed with 3 beads 7 that perform, and lower gear is installed with 10 lower gear beads 6.Described bead is spherical or coniform or hexa-prism.The upper surface of described intermediate transverse girder 5 from right to left corresponding to the position of 5 bridges 8 indicate, ten, hundred, thousand, ten thousand.The back of rectangular shaped rim is provided with base plate 9, and base plate 9 is marked with the plus and minus calculation pithy formula.

Use Enlightening abacus of the present utility model to do signed magnitude arithmetic(al), because lower gear has 10 beads, every bead represents one, so 10 beads represent 10 with interior number, the bead that can perform only just can do 10 with interior plus-minus method at the lower gear of every bridge.Do 20 with interior or hundred with interior plus-minus method, additive operation has saved five and has gone to go 3 four, two times five, go for three times five to go for two, four times five on one, six one to go five to advance one, two go five to advance on one, eight three and go five to advance on one, nine four and go five to advance one on seven, full slender acanthopanax and advance ten pithy formulas the fifth day of the first lunar month, subtraction have been saved on one four and have gone on five, two three to go five, two go five on three, one goes five, six to move back one and also five go one, seven to move back one and also five go two on four., eight move back one also five goes three, nine to move back one and also five went subtract for four fifth day of the first lunar months, moves back ten and mends five the pithy formula that subtracts, and saves first these children note hard to understand, difficult, indigestible pithy formula.Do 10 and only just can finish with 10 beads in every bridge lower gear with interior plus-minus method, do 20 with interior or 100 accurately finish so that interior plus-minus method is also very easy.

Use Enlightening abacus of the present utility model to do addition, only with directly adding pithy formula, divide two classes, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the first kind is the 10 addition pithy formulas with interior addition without carry, pithy formula has nine, and addend is respectively: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 o'clock, corresponding pithy formula was: on one on one, two on two, three on three, four on four, five on five, six on six, seven on seven, eight on eight, nine nine; Equations of The Second Kind is the 20 addition pithy formulas with interior add with carry, also there are nine, addend is respectively: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 o'clock, corresponding pithy formula was: one goes nine to advance one, two and go eight to advance one, three and go seven to advance one, four and go six to advance one, five and go five to advance one, six and go four to advance one, seven and go three to advance one, eight and go two to advance one, nine and go one to advance one.

Use Enlightening abacus of the present utility model to do subtraction, only with directly subtracting pithy formula, divide two classes, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, the first kind is 10 with the interior pithy formula that directly subtracts, pithy formula has nine, and subtrahend is respectively: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 o'clock, corresponding pithy formula is: one went one, two to go two, three to go three, four to go four, five to go five, six to go six, seven to go seven, eight to go eight, nine to go nine; Equations of The Second Kind be 20 with interior or 100 with interior give up the throne directly subtract pithy formula, pithy formula also has nine, subtrahend is respectively: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 o'clock, corresponding pithy formula was: one moves back one also nine, two moves back one and also eight, three moves back one and also seven, four move back one and also six, five move back one and also five, six move back one and also four, seven move back one and also three, eight move back one and also two, nine move back one also one.

Use Enlightening abacus of the present utility model to do plus-minus method, with the traditional abacus ratio of use, very easy.For example, be addition 68+87, use Enlightening abacus of the present utility model, add 8 at ten, use eight to go two to advance one, on individual position, only go three to advance one with seven, and use traditional abacus, add 8 at ten, using pithy formula is exactly (on eight three go five advance one) on eight eight, adds seven in individual position, the pithy formula of using is (on seven two go five advance one) on seven seven, so that children be difficult to understand and grasp this step, thereby learn at the beginning rechoning by the abacus, just abacus and rechoning by the abacus technical ability are lost interest.

Use bead core abacus, with the Enlightening abacus ratio, have the on all four shortcoming of traditional abacus and result.

Use Enlightening abacus of the present utility model to do multiplication, with the traditional abacus ratio of use, as long as the student has learned the multiplication pithy formula of mathematics textbook, just can finish voluntarily, and for the children that begin to learn, the bead that need not perform can be finished, use Enlightening abacus, with use the bead core abacus ratio, disturb the harmful effect of calculating process except the student uses mental arithmetic simultaneously, be convenient to improve the student and use one's hands and brains and use the technical ability of rechoning by the abacus.

Use Enlightening abacus of the present utility model to do division, only need grasp multiplication pithy formula and subtraction pithy formula to get final product, have dirigibility, be conducive to cultivate and develop children's intelligence, reduced widely the difficulty of rechoning by the abacus division.

On this basis, the student can finish rapidly most of addition subtraction multiplication and division operation topic on the mathematics textbook, and alleviate the burden of learning mathematics operation, save time, minimizing use foul papers that a lot of doing mathematics operations have been spent, really make school and teacher accomplish not stay to the student after school the national requirements of homework, allow the learning objective of student's complete independently operation.

Below in conjunction with Fig. 2, illustrate and use the utility model to carry out additive operation implementation Process example.

Example 1 rechoning by the abacus 4235+5241.

The first step, shown in (1) figure among Fig. 2, at Enlightening abacus of the present utility model direct dialing addend 4235, the pithy formula of use is as follows: on kilobit is dialled 4, pithy formula is on four four, dial 2 at hundred, pithy formula is on two two, dials 3 at ten, and pithy formula is on three three, dial 5 in individual position, pithy formula is on five five.

Second step, shown in (2) figure among Fig. 2, after having transferred to addend 4235 on the Enlightening abacus of the present utility model, it is as follows to add 5241 calculating process: add 5 in kilobit, pithy formula is on five five, add 2 at hundred, pithy formula is on two two, adds 4 at ten, and pithy formula is on four four, add 1 in individual position, pithy formula is on one one.The bead that position among the figure, ten, hundred, kilobit upward arrow are pointed to be exactly respectively in individual position, ten, hundred, kilobit expression this add the bead of addend.

In the 3rd step, shown in (3) figure among Fig. 2, read the rechoning by the abacus result 9476 of example 1, that is: 4235+5241=9476 at Enlightening abacus of the present utility model.

Below in conjunction with Fig. 3, further specify and use the utility model to carry out additive operation implementation Process example.

Example 2 rechoning by the abacus 6018+3987.

The first step is shown in (1) figure among Fig. 3, at Enlightening abacus direct dialing addend 6018 of the present utility model, the pithy formula of using is as follows: on kilobit is dialled 6, pithy formula is on six six, dials 1 at ten, pithy formula is on one one, dials 8 in individual position, and pithy formula is on eight eight.

Second step, shown in (2) figure among Fig. 3, after having transferred to addend 6018 on the Enlightening abacus of the present utility model, it is as follows to add 3987 calculating process diagram and pithy formula: on kilobit is dialled 3, pithy formula is on three three, dial 9 at hundred, pithy formula is on nine nine, dials 8 at ten, pithy formula is on eight eight, dial 7 in individual position, pithy formula is on seven seven, and (seven go three to advance one on individual position, three go three, on ten on one one, one goes nine to advance one, on hundred on one one, one goes nine to advance one, on the kilobit on one one, one goes nine to advance one, on the myriabit on one one).

In the 3rd step, shown in (3) figure among Fig. 3, read the rechoning by the abacus result 10005 of example 2, that is: 6018+3987=10005 at Enlightening abacus of the present utility model.

Below in conjunction with Fig. 4, illustrate and use the utility model to carry out subtraction implementation Process example.

Example 3 rechoning by the abacus 9648-5314.

The first step, shown in (1) figure among Fig. 4, Enlightening abacus of the present utility model direct dialing minuend 9648, the pithy formula of use is as follows: on kilobit is dialled 9, pithy formula is on nine nine, dial 6 at hundred, pithy formula is on six six, dials 4 at ten, and pithy formula is on four four, dial 8 in individual position, pithy formula is on eight eight.

Second step, shown in (2) figure among Fig. 4, after the minuend 9648 of having transferred on the Enlightening abacus of the present utility model, deduct again 5314, the pithy formula of calculating process and use thereof is: deduct 5 in kilobit, pithy formula is five to go five, deducts 3 at hundred, and pithy formula is three to go three, deduct 1 at ten, pithy formula is one, deducts 4 in individual position, and pithy formula is four to go four.

In the 3rd step, shown in (3) figure among Fig. 4, read the rechoning by the abacus result 4334 of example 3, that is: 9648-5314=4334 at Enlightening abacus of the present utility model.

Below in conjunction with Fig. 5, further specify and use the utility model to carry out subtraction implementation Process example.

Example 4 rechoning by the abacus 8579-5896.

The first step, shown in (1) figure among Fig. 5, Enlightening abacus of the present utility model direct dialing minuend 8579, the pithy formula of use is as follows: on kilobit is dialled 8, pithy formula is on eight eight, dial 5 at hundred, pithy formula is on five five, dials 7 at ten, and pithy formula is on seven seven, dial 9 in individual position, pithy formula is on nine nine.

Second step shown in (2) figure among Fig. 5, after the minuend 8579 of having transferred on the Enlightening abacus of the present utility model, deducts 5896 again.Deduct first 5800, deduct 5 in kilobit, and deduct 8 at hundred, the pithy formula of calculating process and use thereof is: deduct 5 in kilobit, pithy formula is five to go five, deducts 8 at hundred, and pithy formula is eight to go eight, (one goes one on kilobit, eight is moving back one also on two, two two on hundred).

The 3rd step shown in (3) figure among Fig. 5, deducted 96 again, and giving up the throne at ten subtracts 9, and pithy formula is nine to go nine, and (one go one, nine move back one also one) directly subtracts 6 on individual position, and pithy formula is six to go six.

In the 4th step, shown in (4) figure among Fig. 5, read the rechoning by the abacus result 2683 of example 4, that is: 8579-5896=2683 at Enlightening abacus of the present utility model.

Utilize Enlightening abacus of the present utility model, learned example 1 to the rechoning by the abacus method of example 4 these 4 road examples, children can promptly finish all mathematical problems relevant with addition and subtraction on primary school one, the second grade textbook, alleviate learning burden.On this basis, when just can calculating according to the textbook comultiplication, the junior student of primary school's second grade or primary school uses the vertical method of written calculation, calculate one digit number at abacus first and take advantage of two to the multiplication of four figures, or remember two multipliers, calculate three figure places and multiply by double-digit multiplication.

Utilize Enlightening abacus of the present utility model also can carry out the rechoning by the abacus division and calculate, probe into first double figures divided by the division of one digit number, namely dividend is double figures, and divisor is the division of one digit number, for example 72 ÷ 8.Allow first the student consider 70 ÷ 8, know 8 * 8=64 by multiplication pithy formula, so 70 ÷, 8 merchants more than 86, be rechoning by the abacus 72 ÷ 8, on Enlightening abacus of the present utility model, transfer to first 72, ten positions that is decided to be the merchant of dividend, become merchant 8 to 7, remainder 6 is added on the position 2 of dividend, get ten and upper Yu 8, take advantage of and make dividend (eight go eight on individual position) in 8 on the individual position with dividend afterwards, because be 8 on divisor merchant's the position, so can discuss 1, namely meet eight to advance one, so that on ten on one one, get nine.

The student is through Inquiry Learning, grasped add, subtract, after the method for multiplication and division, at the primary school period learning mathematics, very convenient.On this basis, can use Enlightening abacus rechoning by the abacus basic skills of the present utility model, to the transition of traditional abacus calculating skill, namely only use 5 beads in the lower gear on Enlightening abacus of the present utility model, every bead represents 1 simultaneously, in the performing of Enlightening abacus abacus of the present utility model, use 3 beads, every bead represents 5.This just can make the student by Enlightening abacus rechoning by the abacus of the present utility model to naturally transition of traditional abacus rechoning by the abacus.

Enlightening abacus of the present utility model performs has 3 beads to have following functions in every bridge:

When making division, save outstanding pearl.For example, 891 ÷ 9.At first merchant's a position fixes on ten of dividend, on hundred 8 are regarded as 80, with 80 ÷ 9, know 8972 by multiplication pithy formula, namely discuss eight and can Yu eight, at this moment, on hundred of the dividends 8 regarded as 8 on ten of merchant, then the remainder 8 of 80 ÷ 9 is added in 9 on ten of the dividends, with 4 beads of lower gear and 1 bead 5 that performs, in this situation, add 8 now, have to add 10 at ten with two the remaining beads that perform, than adding that 8 have added 2, so can only deduct 2 beads in 4 beads of lower gear, so that the dividend of lower gear is left 3 beads at ten remaining 2 beads with performing, it represents 5 * 3+2=17, be 9+8=17, at this moment the calculating process pithy formula of using is: add 898 times.Here, performing if not Enlightening abacus of the present utility model arranges 3 beads, uses traditional abacus, and a bead of the frame that just can only keep to the side performing is dialled in the centre, be called outstanding pearl, be used for representing 10, like this, in traditional abacus, there is a bead to represent 1, have a bead to represent 5, have a bead to represent 10, this is the very crucial step that numerous people that begin to learn abacus are difficult to get a thorough understanding of.Exactly because the teacher teaches the rechoning by the abacus method, can't break through and use outstanding these committed steps of pearl, so that the countless student who begins to learn rechoning by the abacus can only the rechoning by the abacus plus-minus method, and can not learn multiplication and division, this computational tool of abacus can not be used in production, live and work and the study.Worst consequence, so that the thousands of children of China can not utilize abacus to temper the ability that uses one's hands and brains, the enjoyment of forfeiture learning process and active procedure.On the contrary, people are without the abacus immunologing mathematics, simple and interesting mathematical studying are become countless students fear and the Science Curriculum of a difficulty can't learning well, and Enlightening abacus mainly addresses this problem.

In sum, Enlightening abacus of the present utility model have need not abstract pithy formula, be easy to learn and use, simple in structure, many technological merits such as cost of manufacture is low, can be widely used in the mathematical education of the high section in kindergarten and primary school.

Claims

1. Enlightening abacus, it is characterized in that: be made of rectangular shaped rim, intermediate transverse girder (5), bridge (8) and bead, wherein rectangular shaped rim is made of outer baffle (2), the left outside baffle plate of frame (3) and the right outside baffle plate of housing (4) under outer baffle on the frame (1), the frame; Intermediate transverse girder (5) is located between the left outside baffle plate of frame (3) and the right outside baffle plate of housing (4) and is parallel to outer baffle (2) under outer baffle on the frame (1) and the frame; Equidistantly be provided with 5 bridges (8) that are parallel to the left outside baffle plate of frame (3) and the right outside baffle plate of housing (4) in the rectangular shaped rim, each bridge (8) is divided into two grades up and down by intermediate transverse girder (5), and performing is installed with 3 beads that perform (7), and lower gear is installed with 10 lower gear beads (6).

2. Enlightening abacus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bead is spherical or coniform or hexa-prism.

3. Enlightening abacus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the upper surface of described intermediate transverse girder (5) from right to left corresponding to the position of 5 bridges (8) indicate, ten, hundred, thousand, ten thousand.

4. Enlightening abacus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the back of described rectangular shaped rim is provided with base plate (9), and base plate (9) is marked with the plus and minus calculation pithy formula.