CN202675732U - 自适应匹配的太阳能辅助空气源热泵装置 - Google Patents
自适应匹配的太阳能辅助空气源热泵装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN202675732U CN202675732U CN 201220219235 CN201220219235U CN202675732U CN 202675732 U CN202675732 U CN 202675732U CN 201220219235 CN201220219235 CN 201220219235 CN 201220219235 U CN201220219235 U CN 201220219235U CN 202675732 U CN202675732 U CN 202675732U
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- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycol Chemical compound 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- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound 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FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound 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- 230000000295 complement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl trifluoride Chemical compound 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FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
本实用新型提供了一种自适应匹配的太阳能辅助空气源热泵装置，该装置包括制冷剂循环回路子系统、太阳能热水循环回路子系统和用户热水回路子系统；制冷剂循环子系统是整个系统的核心，控制能力的转换与热量的传输；制冷剂循环子系统包括：压缩机（1）、室内冷凝器（2）、毛细管（3）、套管换热器（4）；其中，室内冷凝器（2）制冷剂出口与毛细管（3）的进口连接，毛细管（3）出口与套管换热器（4）的管内制冷剂进口（11）连接，套管换热器（4）的管内制冷剂出口（13）与压缩机（1）的进气口相连接。本实用新型能够合理的对太阳能空气源热泵系统中的热量进行分配，并能够控节约建筑能源的消耗。
Description
自适应匹配的太阳能辅助空气源热泵装置
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型涉及太阳能辅助空气源热泵来提高热泵冬季运行性能的装置，属于建筑节能与制冷工程领域。
背景技术
[0002] 空气源热泵是一种利用空气中的热源，通过输入少量的高品位热源来实现低品位热源向高品位热源进行供热的一种热泵空调系统装置。空气源热泵以其结构简单，运行成本较低，安装使用方便等优点广泛应用于现代建筑中。在绿色建筑领域，空气源热泵空调系 统以其所具有的优势发挥着重要作用。冬季供暖运行时，制冷剂在室外蒸发器侧盘吸收空气中的热量，再经压缩机压缩升温后进入室内冷凝器侧提供热量或制取热水，一般来说空气源热泵是一种较为节能的冬季采暖方式。空气源热泵也具有自身的缺点，例如其综合的性能系数较低，在冬季运行时，其供热能力和供热系数随外界空气环境温度的降低而降低，环境温度的变化直接影响热泵系统运行的经济性和稳定性；同时，当外界环境温度降低到空气露点温度以下时，蒸发器外表面便会结霜的现象，当室外温度低于-io°c时，由于结霜会造成换热效果的恶化，在除霜过程中所用到的“换向除霜”和“电加热除霜”能够对蒸发器的结霜现象进行控制，但是这以消耗大量的电能为代价，相关研究表明，在环境温度为0°c，相对湿度为70%时，由于除霜作用多消耗的电能可达压缩机耗电的12%。因此，无论对建筑节能或是提高热泵系统运行的稳定性，对空气源热泵系统性能的优化设计都有重要的实际意义。
[0003] 太阳能是一种取之不尽用之不竭的清洁能源，在冬季晴朗天气时，太阳能集热板收集的太阳辐射平均可达500 ff/m2以上，即使是在阴雨天气太阳能集热板每平米所吸收的热量也大于50W，因此可以通过有效的利用太阳能集热板所收集的低品位太阳能来提高热泵系统的在冬季运行时热量不足的问题。
[0004] 太阳能热泵是将太阳能结合热泵联合运行的一种系统，通过太阳能集热板提高环境中低温热源的温度，从而有效的提高系统的COP (能效比)，而且太阳能热泵系统还可以作为辅助生活热水系统，是一种运行经济、环保的供热形式。根据太阳能和热泵系统的连接方式，太阳能热泵系统分为串联系统、并联系统和混合连接系统等形式。这些系统无论是直膨式的还是间接膨胀式的都存在晚上或者阴雨天气中使用效率低或者是太阳能集热板吸收热量不足导致室外蒸发器管外翅片结霜的问题，同时，鉴于太阳能自身不稳定的特点，太阳能集热板收集的热量很难同蒸发器侧所需的热量相匹配，这导致太阳能空气源热泵系统稳定运行的要求受到不断的质疑。太阳能集热板在接受太阳辐射的时候，表面材料往往经过一定的特殊处理，使得材料表面对太阳辐射吸收比增加，表面发射率减小；同时，太阳能集热板表面的热传导和对流作用也被弱化，其夜晚和阴雨天气下的散热量降低，这类太阳能空气源热泵的缺点便是当其在夜晚和阴雨天气环境下系统不能正常工作，最极端的情况是，室外蒸发器内的低温低压制冷剂不断吸收太阳能水循环系统中的热量，而太阳能集热板中可吸收的热量不足，导致内部工质温度不断降低，热泵蒸发器不能从太阳能水循环系统中吸收任何热量，系统运行恶化，对压缩机也会造成严重的危害。
发明内容
[0005] 技术问题：本实用新型的目的是提供一种自适应匹配的太阳能辅助空气源热泵装置。该系统以热泵技术以及流动与传热技术为基础，不仅能够提高空气源热泵冬季运行效率和控制室外蒸发器结霜，而且能够对普通太阳能热泵系统夜晚和阴雨天气下蒸发器吸热不足以及热量匹配困难的问题进行一定的解决，同时该系统还可以辅助供应生活热水，是一种环保、节能的供热形式。
[0006] 技术方案：本实用新型是自适应匹配的太阳能辅助空气源热泵装置。在晴朗的白天联合运行太阳能水循环系统、空气源热泵系统以及用户侧热水系统，通过太阳能集热板将太阳能水循环系统中循环水加热，再通过套管换热器将热量传递给空气源热泵系统中的 室外蒸发器，提高制冷剂的蒸发温度，这样可以有效的控制室外蒸发器侧的结霜问题，同时压缩机吸入口处制冷剂的蒸汽压力提高，进而提升热泵系统冬季运行的C0P，室内冷凝器可以将多余的热量储存在用户侧蓄热水箱中，以便在夜晚或阴雨天气的情况下作为室内供热以及生活热水的辅助热源，减少室外低温热源的热量负担；而在夜晚或者是阴雨天气状况下，室外气温较低，关闭太阳能水循环系统，用户侧蓄热系统开启运行，可以作为辅助热源提供室内的一部分热负荷，另外一部分热量可以由热泵系统承担，此时空气源热泵系统中蒸发器内的制冷剂吸收管外乙二醇溶液中的热量，环境中的热量通过套管换热器表面热阻、管壳的导热热阻、乙二醇导热热阻以及内管的导热热阻传递给制冷剂，太阳能水循环系统中的乙二醇溶液由于温度的不均匀会形成自然对流，在一定程度上强化套管换热器的换热作用。本系统属于一种非直膨式并联式的系统。
[0007] 为解决上述技术问题，本实用新型提供了一种自适应匹配的太阳能辅助空气源热泵装置，该系统包括制冷剂循环子系统、太阳能热水循环子系统和用户热水子系统；
[0008] 制冷剂循环子系统是整个系统的核心，控制能力的转换与热量的传输；制冷剂循环子系统包括：压缩机、室内冷凝器、毛细管、套管换热器；其中，室内冷凝器制冷剂出口与毛细管的进口连接，毛细管出口与套管换热器的管内制冷剂进口连接，套管换热器的管内制冷剂出口与压缩机的进气口相连接，压缩机排气出口连接室内冷凝器的进口 ；
[0009] 太阳能水循环子系统用来收集环境中的太阳能，并将太阳能传递给热泵系统的室外蒸发器，提高制冷剂的蒸发温度；太阳能水循环子系统包括：太阳能集热板、循环水泵、套管换热器、闸阀；其中，太阳能集热板的出水口接套管换热器的管壳侧工质进口，套管换热器的管壳侧工质出口接闸阀的进口，闸阀的出口连接循环水泵的进口，循环水泵的出口接太阳能集热板的进水口；
[0010] 用户热水子系统用来储存热泵系统富余的热量，为用户提供生活热水以及实现室外太阳能不满足要求时的自适应调节问题；用户热水子系统包括室内冷凝器、阀门、水泵、蓄热水箱，其中，室内冷凝器的壳侧出水口接阀门的进口，阀门的出口接水泵的进口，水泵的出口与蓄热水箱的进口相连接，蓄热水箱的出口接室内冷凝器的壳侧进水口。
[0011] 有益效果：本实用新型提供了一种太阳能辅助空气源热泵的自适应匹配装置，利用太阳能集热板收集环境中低温热源的热量，用于提高蒸发器侧的蒸发温度，提高热泵系统冬季的运行效率。[0012] 热泵系统中制冷剂走套管式换热器的管内，管外太阳能水循环系统中乙二醇溶液的循环流动将环境中的热量不断传递给制冷剂，乙二醇的冰点温度远低于空气露点温度，可以有效的控制室外蒸发器侧的结霜问题。
[0013] 系统在冬季晴朗白天运行时，用户侧蓄热水箱可以将多余的热量储存，作为生活热水和夜晚或阴雨天气环境下的辅助热源，相对于传统太阳能热泵能够更好的解决太阳能集热板收集到的热量同热泵系统运行蒸发器侧所需的热量不匹配的缺点。
附图说明
[0014] 图I是自适应匹配的太阳能辅助空气源热泵系统的原理图；
[0015] 图2是套管换热器结合方式。
[0016] 压缩机I、室内冷凝器2、毛细管3、套管换热器4、太阳能集热板5、循环水泵6、闸 阀7、闸阀8、水泵9、用户侧蓄热水箱10、制冷剂进口 11、太阳能水循环系统管壳侧工质出口12、制冷剂出口 13、太阳能水循环系统管壳侧工质进口 14。
具体实施方式
[0017] 下面结合附图对本实用新型做进一步说明。
[0018] 本实用新型提供的自适应匹配的太阳能辅助空气源热泵装置，该装置包括制冷剂循环子系统、太阳能热水循环子系统和用户热水子系统；
[0019] 制冷剂循环子系统是整个系统的核心，控制能力的转换与热量的传输；制冷剂循环子系统包括：压缩机I、室内冷凝器2、毛细管3、套管换热器4;其中，室内冷凝器2制冷剂出口与毛细管3的进口连接，毛细管3出口与套管换热器4的管内制冷剂进口 11连接，套管换热器4的管内制冷剂出口 13与压缩机I的进气口相连接，压缩机I排气出口连接室内冷凝器2的进口 ；
[0020] 太阳能水循环子系统用来收集环境中的太阳能，并将太阳能传递给热泵系统的室外蒸发器，提高制冷剂的蒸发温度；太阳能水循环子系统包括：太阳能集热板5、循环水泵
6、套管换热器4、闸阀7 ;其中，太阳能集热板5的出水口接套管换热器4的管壳侧工质进口14，套管换热器4的管壳侧工质出口 12接闸阀7的进口，闸阀7的出口连接循环水泵6的进口，循环水泵6的出口接太阳能集热板5的进水口 ；
[0021] 用户热水子系统用来储存热泵系统富余的热量，为用户提供生活热水以及实现室外太阳能不满足要求时的自适应调节问题；用户热水子系统包括室内冷凝器2、阀门8、水泵9、蓄热水箱10，其中，室内冷凝器2的壳侧出水口接阀门8的进口，阀门8的出口接水泵9的进口，水泵9的出口与蓄热水箱10的进口相连接，蓄热水箱10的出口接室内冷凝器2的壳侧进水口。
[0022] 图I为太阳能辅助空气源热泵的自适应匹配系统原理图，如图I所示，太阳能辅助空气源热泵系统装置包括：压缩机I、室内冷凝器2、毛细管3、套管换热器4、太阳能集热板5、循环水泵6、闸阀7、用户侧蓄热水箱10、水泵9、闸阀8。其中制冷剂循环回路依次由压缩机I、室内冷凝器2、毛细管3、套管换热器4串联组成；太阳能热水循环系统由套管换热器4、闸阀7、循环水泵6、太阳能集热板5依次连接组成；用户侧热水回路子系统由用户侧蓄热水箱10、水泵9、闸阀8依次串联组成。[0023] 图2为太阳能辅助空气源热泵的自适应匹配系统中套管式换热器的连接图，如图2所示，包括：制冷剂进口 11、制冷剂出口 13、太阳能水循环系统工质进口 14、工质出口 12。
[0024] 制冷剂循环回路中常用的制冷剂可以选择R22 (二氟一氯甲烷)、R23 (三氟甲烷)、R134a (I, I, I, 2-四氟乙烷）等，太阳能热水循环系统回路中常用工质可以选择乙二醇、乙醇等。
[0025] 制冷剂循环回路中：从压缩机I出来的高温高压制冷剂经过室内冷凝器2进行换热，可以选择直接加热空气或者是同蓄热水箱中的水进行换热，制冷剂在等压条件下由气态变为液态，处于饱和或者处于过冷状态的制冷剂进入毛细管3经过绝热节流后变为汽液混合物，之后制冷剂流入套管式换热器4的管内侧吸收管外工质的热量后蒸发，再由压缩机吸入低温低压的制冷剂气体，完成循环；
[0026] 在太阳能热水循环回路中：晴朗的冬季白天，乙二醇工质在套管式换热器4管外 侧将热量传递给制冷剂后，经闸阀7和循环水泵6提高压力后进入太阳能集热板5，在太阳能集热板内吸收环境中的太阳能后进入套管式换热器继续和制冷剂工质进行换热，完成循环；阴雨天气或者夜晚：关闭太阳能水循环系统，此时热泵系统的蒸发器侧导热属于自适应匹配形式，空气源热泵系统工作；
[0027] 用户侧热水循环回路中：在晴朗的白天，系统开启运行，蓄热水箱10中的水经过用户侧冷凝器，将系统中多余的热量储带走，经过阀门8和水泵9后将热量储存在蓄热水箱中，可以作为生活热水的辅助热源；在阴雨天气或者是夜晚时，系统将水箱中的热量重新传递给室内冷凝器，减少室外蒸发器的热负荷，优化系统的热匹配问题。
[0028] 以上所述仅为本实用新型的较佳实施方式，本实用新型的保护范围并不以上述实施方式为限，但凡本领域普通技术人员根据本实用新型所揭示内容所作的等效修饰或变化，皆应纳入权利要求书中记载的保护范围内。
Claims (1)
1. 一种自适应匹配的太阳能辅助空气源热泵装置，其特征在于：该装置包括制冷剂循环子系统、太阳能热水循环子系统和用户热水子系统； 制冷剂循环子系统是整个系统的核心，控制能量的转换与热量的传输；制冷剂循环子系统包括：压缩机（I)、室内冷凝器（2)、毛细管（3)、套管换热器（4);其中，室内冷凝器（2)制冷剂出口与毛细管（3)的进口连接，毛细管（3)出口与套管换热器（4)的管内制冷剂进口(11)连接，套管换热器（4)的管内制冷剂出口（13)与压缩机（I)的进气口相连接，压缩机(I)排气出口连接室内冷凝器（2)的进口 ； 太阳能热水循环子系统用来收集环境中的太阳能，并将太阳能传递给热泵系统的室外蒸发器，提高制冷剂的蒸发温度；太阳能热水循环子系统包括：太阳能集热板（5)、循环水泵（6)、套管换热器（4)、闸阀（7);其中，太阳能集热板（5)的出水口接套管换热器（4)的管壳侧工质进口（ 14)，套管换热器（4)的管壳侧工质出口（ 12 )接闸阀（7 )的进口，闸阀（7 )的出口连接循环水泵（6)的进口，循环水泵¢)的出口接太阳能集热板（5)的进水口 ； 用户热水子系统用来储存热泵系统富余的热量，为用户提供生活热水以及实现室外太阳能不满足要求时的自适应调节问题；用户热水子系统包括室内冷凝器（2)、阀门（8)、水泵（9)、蓄热水箱（10)，其中，室内冷凝器（2)的壳侧出水口接阀门（8)的进口，阀门（8)的出口接水泵（9)的进口，水泵（9)的出口与蓄热水箱（10)的进口相连接，蓄热水箱（10)的出口接室内冷凝器（2)的壳侧进水口。
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102645055A (zh) * | 2012-05-16 | 2012-08-22 | 东南大学 | 自适应匹配的太阳能辅助空气源热泵装置 |
| CN105299948A (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-02-03 | 北京瑞宝利热能科技有限公司 | 一种利用太阳能的耦合式热泵空调系统 |
| CN106322834A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-11 | 北京建筑大学 | 直膨式热泵装置以及集热液体的流程控制方法 |
| CN110486954A (zh) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-22 | 河南科技大学 | 一种全天候多功能太阳能空气源热泵系统 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102645055A (zh) * | 2012-05-16 | 2012-08-22 | 东南大学 | 自适应匹配的太阳能辅助空气源热泵装置 |
| CN102645055B (zh) * | 2012-05-16 | 2014-02-19 | 东南大学 | 自适应匹配的太阳能辅助空气源热泵装置 |
| CN105299948A (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-02-03 | 北京瑞宝利热能科技有限公司 | 一种利用太阳能的耦合式热泵空调系统 |
| CN105299948B (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-12-19 | 北京瑞宝利热能科技有限公司 | 一种利用太阳能的耦合式热泵空调系统 |
| CN106322834A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-11 | 北京建筑大学 | 直膨式热泵装置以及集热液体的流程控制方法 |
| CN110486954A (zh) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-22 | 河南科技大学 | 一种全天候多功能太阳能空气源热泵系统 |
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