A kind of residual heat from boiler fume recycling system
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of waste heat recycling system, relates to particularly a kind of residual heat from boiler fume recycling system.
Background technology
The heat that the coal-burning boiler smoke evacuation is taken away not only can cause heat loss, but also can improve atmospheric temperature, and weather is exerted an influence.
Coal-burning boiler is used in the thermal power plant in a large number, is the coal consumption rich and influential family, and its coal consumption use amount accounts for 50% of coal in China total output, this wherein, heat loss due to exhaust gas is maximum in the power plant boiler various heat losses, generally 5%~8%, account for the total heat loss of boiler 80% or higher.Generally speaking, 10 ℃ of the every risings of exhaust gas temperature, heat loss due to exhaust gas increases by 0.6%~1.0%, and gross coal consumption rate increases about 2g/kWh.In China's active service fired power generating unit, exhaust gas temperature is generally 125~150 ℃ of left and right horizontal, boiler using brown coal then be 170 ℃ be about, and cause thus huge energy loss.
The technology of existing flue gas waste heat recovery adopts the one-level waste heat recycling system more, as shown in Figure 1, this system's employing is installed in low-pressure coal saver 1a after deduster 2a and the blower fan 3a, in the flue before the desulfurizing tower 4a, so that the boiler of power plant flue gas is at process air preheater 5a, blower fan 3a, deduster 2a carries out heat exchange to low-level (stack-gas) economizer 1a, reduce exhaust gas temperature, again through desulfurizing tower 4a, chimney 7a enters atmosphere, simultaneously, condensed water absorption smoke exhaust heat in the low-level (stack-gas) economizer, self is heated, return again after the rising temperature, converge to the low-pressure heater 6a of steam turbine low-pressure heater system, improve generatine set heat efficiency.In addition, descend owing to enter the cigarette temperature of desulfurizing tower, can also save the consumption of sulfur removal technology water, still, not only there is the low problem of organic efficiency in the waste heat recycling system of said structure, and causes easily the cold end corrosion of low-level (stack-gas) economizer.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of residual heat from boiler fume recycling system, to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.This system carries out the degree of depth to fume afterheat and reclaims, and with the cold end corrosion of effective prevention heat exchanger, improves the service life of boiler thermal output and heat exchanger, realizes simultaneously the intellectuality control to system.
The technical scheme that the utility model provides is as follows:
A kind of residual heat from boiler fume recycling system, comprise high temperature heat exchanging part and low-temperature heat exchange part, it is characterized in that: the high temperature heat exchanging part comprises the air preheater that is sequentially arranged on the axis, outlet cigarette temperature is the high-temperature heat-exchanging of acid dew point+(10~15) ℃, deduster, blower fan, cryogenic heat exchanger, desulfurizing tower and chimney, and at least two condensate water low-pressure heaters that are connected in series, this wherein, one low-temperature end condensate water low-pressure heater goes out interruption-forming two branch roads, one branch road via one first control valve after to the condensate water entrance of high temperature heat exchanger, another branch road is connected to next stage low-pressure heater entrance behind a control valve, the condensate water outlet of high-temperature heat-exchanging is divided into two branch roads, the one branch road connects the entrance of a temperature end condensate water low-pressure heater via one second control valve, another branch road then via one first water circulating pump with is connected the 3rd control valve and connects the condensate water entrance of described high-temperature heat-exchanging; Low-temperature heat exchange partly comprises an air heater and an air blower that is positioned on another axis, and described air heater is between this air preheater and air blower; Also comprise a storage tank, described storage tank via one second water circulating pump with is connected the 4th control valve and connects the hydraulic fluid side entrance of described cryogenic heat exchanger, the hydraulic fluid side outlet of described cryogenic heat exchanger connects the hydraulic fluid side entrance of described air heater, and the hydraulic fluid side outlet of described air heater then connects the entrance of described storage tank; Described control valve, each control valve and each water circulating pump all connect a control centre.
Described high-temperature heat-exchanging exit gas temperature is regulated by control valve opening and is reached setting value; High-temperature heat-exchanging entrance condensing water temperature reaches setting value by the control of the first water circulating pump frequency adjustment and the 3rd control valve; Cryogenic heat exchanger metallic walls temperature reaches setting value by the control of the second water circulating pump frequency adjustment and the 4th control valve.
High-temperature heat-exchanging is the main part that realizes that heat is transmitted between high-temperature flue gas and the condensate water, for preventing the cold end corrosion of its tail end, its outlet cigarette temperature general control is in acid dew point+(10~15) ℃, and this temperature and can improve the efficient of electric precipitation both on flue gas acid dew point; Be arranged on two between the condensate water low-pressure heater control valve, and high-temperature heat-exchanging entrance and low-temperature end low-pressure heater between the first control valve then enter the condensing water flow of high-temperature heat-exchanging according to high-temperature heat-exchanging outlet fibre selection; The first water circulating pump and the 3rd control valve make the generating surface temperature of high-temperature heat-exchanging be higher than acid dew-point temperature, the cold end corrosion of the heat exchanger generating surface of avoiding according to high-temperature heat-exchanging inlet water temperature controlled circulation discharge.
Be the main part that realizes that heat is transmitted between low-temperature flue gas and the medium at the cryogenic heat exchanger between blower fan and the desulfurizing tower, can greatly reduce outlet cigarette temperature, and greatly reduce the desulfurization water consumption; Air heater is the main part that realizes heat transmission between medium and the air (wind or Secondary Air), has greatly reduced the load of air preheater, the cold end corrosion problem of the air preheater that prevents simultaneously.Circulatory mediator in storage tank is used for storing, the second water circulating pump and the 4th control valve are according to cryogenic heat exchanger outlet water temperature controlled circulation discharge.
Be the technical problem of the control aspect that solves said system, its technological process is:
The condensate water part:
The low-temperature end condensate water low-pressure heater outlet that is provided with branch road is got first control valve of part (or all) condensate water by the setting of high-temperature heat-exchanging entrance by the control valve between two condensate water low-pressure heaters and is entered high-temperature heat-exchanging and carry out heat exchange, and the second control valve that outlet arranges through high-temperature heat-exchanging of the condensate water after the heat exchange converges to the import of temperature end condensate water low-pressure heater.
The circulatory mediator part:
Medium enters cryogenic heat exchanger through its 4th control valve that exports setting and carries out heat exchange by the second water circulating pump in the storage tank, enters air heater after the heat exchange and carries out heat exchange, then again converges to storage tank.
Flue gas partial:
Boiler tail flue gas from air preheater out through the high-temperature heat-exchanging heat exchange, enters deduster, and deduster enters cryogenic heat exchanger and again carries out heat exchange out through blower fan (air-introduced machine and booster fan), enters desulfurizing tower after the heat exchange, enters atmosphere from chimney.
The air part:
Air enters air preheater after blower fan (primary air fan or overfire air fan) enters air heater and carries out heat exchange.
In the embodiment that recommends, described high-temperature heat-exchanging, described cryogenic heat exchanger and described air heater all arrange body draining valve and body leakage detector, and this body draining valve and body leakage detector are connected to described control centre.The said equipment occurs at heat exchanger body in the situation of seepage in order to the practical operation situation of timely reflection heat exchanger, and it is according to its open and close of action control of the leakage detector of body layout.
Body draining valve and body leakage detector monitor the practical operation situation of heat exchanger, the body leakage detector is used for when high-temperature heat-exchanging, cryogenic heat exchanger, air heater body appearance leakage, automatically excision place components of system as directed and drain the water away by the body draining valve, Accident prevention enlarges, and guarantees the Security of the system operation.
In the embodiment that recommends, also be provided with the checkout gear of high-temperature heat-exchanging exit gas temperature T1, high-temperature heat-exchanging entrance flue gas temperature T5, high-temperature heat-exchanging entrance condensing water temperature T2, high-temperature heat-exchanging afterbody metallic walls temperature T3, cryogenic heat exchanger metallic walls temperature T4 and storage tank liquid level L1 etc., described checkout gear all is connected to described control centre.
Described checkout gear has: Temperature Detector, liquid level detector, pressure detector.
Temperature Detector: the gas side that is arranged on each heat exchanger imports and exports and the hydraulic fluid side is imported and exported, storage tank, and each heat exchanger metallic walls, the temperature conditions of each medium in the detection system, and the signal of detection delivered to control centre.
Liquid level detector: be arranged on storage tank, detect the working condition of storage tank, and the signal that detects is delivered to control centre.
Pressure detector: the gas side that is arranged on each heat exchanger import and export and pipeline on, the pressure condition of each medium in the detection system, and the signal that detects delivered to control centre.
In the embodiment that recommends, soot blower also is set, purge with regular heat exchanger.
In the embodiment that recommends, the storage tank water compensating valve also is set, storage tank is confirmed whether to carry out to the replenishing of medium in it according to the storage tank liquid level, and replenishes by water compensating valve.
In the embodiment that recommends, described each control valve, each draining valve and water compensating valve all adopt electronic shut-off valve, and control valve adopts electronic adjustment valve.
In the embodiment that recommends, described each water circulating pump all adopts the water circulating pump of Frequency Converter Control.
In the embodiment that recommends, described control centre is comprised of central processing unit and actuator parts, accepts the central processing unit order by actuator and moves.
For solving the automatic control level problem of said system, this control system can setting operation person be stood, and reaches following technique effect:
1) realize automatic monitoring and on-line operation, the user can be according to actual conditions Self-operating equipment;
2) on-line monitoring of display device parameter and running status, but and the long preservation historical record;
3) automatic trouble diagnosis, automatic fault isolation have been solved;
Because the safety in production of thermal power plant is listed in matter of utmost importance, reach the purpose of safety in production, just must realize by control, so there are following characteristics in the described technical scheme of the utility model patent:
1) high-temperature heat-exchanging entrance flue gas temperature T5 is used for judging whether the high temperature heat exchanging part can drop into, and guarantees the economy operation of system.
2) adopting high-temperature heat-exchanging exit gas temperature T1 is the control point, its temperature is controlled at more than acid dew point+(10~15) ℃, effectively prevented the afterbody cold end corrosion of high-temperature heat-exchanging, reduced the running temperature of deduster, also effectively prevent simultaneously the problems such as dewfall, accumulated ash into lump of deduster, for the safe and stable operation of high-temperature heat-exchanging, deduster provides guarantee;
3) adopting high-temperature heat-exchanging entrance condensing water temperature T2 is the control point, and its temperature is controlled at more than water dew point+20 ℃, effectively prevents the cold end corrosion of high-temperature heat-exchanging metal surface, the support that provides for the reliability operation of high-temperature heat-exchanging;
4) adopting cryogenic heat exchanger metallic walls temperature T4 is the control point, makes the heat exchanger surface temperature constant, away from corrosion area, has greatly improved the service life of equipment;
5) adopt the leakage detector of heat exchanger body equipment to monitor, in time the abnormal conditions of discovering device and react the expansion of effective Accident prevention.
6) whole system all can be implemented in line traffic control and complete intelligent control, occurs under any unallowed operating mode at equipment, adopts interlocked control, automatically withdraws from appropriate section, for the safe and stable operation of unit provides safeguard; Realize simultaneously all parameter states and the record of equipment running status, and with long preservation, for later operating analysis provides Data support.
7) high-temperature heat-exchanging afterbody metallic walls temperature T3 realizes that acid corrosion to the high-temperature heat-exchanging low-temperature end monitors and prevents.
8) high temperature heat exchanging part and low-temperature heat exchange part can realize interlocking each other, is occurring in the situation of extreme operating condition, also can guarantee the economy of system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of existing one-level flue gas waste heat recovery system;
Fig. 2 is the utility model flue gas waste heat recovery system process chart and major control measuring point layout drawing;
Fig. 3 a is the automatic input control main program of the utility model flue gas waste heat recovery system high temperature heat exchanging part figure;
Fig. 3 b is the automatic input control subprogram of the utility model flue gas waste heat recovery system high temperature heat exchanging part figure;
Fig. 4 is that the utility model flue gas waste heat recovery system high temperature heat exchanging part withdraws from control program figure automatically;
Fig. 5 a is automatically input control main program figure of the utility model flue gas waste heat recovery system low-temperature heat exchange part;
Fig. 5 b is automatically input control subprogram figure of the utility model flue gas waste heat recovery system low-temperature heat exchange part;
Fig. 6 is that the utility model flue gas waste heat recovery system low-temperature heat exchange part withdraws from control program figure automatically;
Fig. 7 is that the utility model flue gas waste heat recovery system high temperature heat exchanging part withdraws from control logic figure automatically;
Fig. 8 is that the utility model flue gas waste heat recovery system low-temperature heat exchange part withdraws from control logic figure automatically.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with a description of drawings specific embodiment of the present utility model:
The residual heat from boiler fume recycling system, as shown in Figure 2, comprise the air preheater 3 that is sequentially arranged on the axis, outlet cigarette temperature is the high-temperature heat-exchanging 1 of acid dew point+(10~15) ℃, deduster 20, blower fan 30, cryogenic heat exchanger 2, desulfurizing tower 40 and chimney 50, and three condensate water low-pressure heaters 111 that are connected in series, 112,113(through the medium transport of low-pressure heater heating to oxygen-eliminating device), the the first condensate water low-pressure heater 111 that is positioned at low-temperature end forms two branch roads, a way outlet connects the condensate water entrance of high-temperature heat-exchanging 1 via one first control valve 9, another branch road connects the second low-pressure heater 112 entrances via a control valve 11, high-temperature heat-exchanging 1 outlet condensate water is divided into two branch roads, the one branch road connects the entrance of the 3rd condensate water low-pressure heater 113 that is positioned at temperature end via the second control valve 10, another branch road then via the first water circulating pump 7 with is connected the 3rd control valve 8 and connects the condensate water entrance of high-temperature heat-exchangings 1.
This system also comprises an air heater 31 and an air blower 32 that is positioned on another axis, and air heater 31 is between air preheater 3 and air blower 32, also comprise a storage tank 4, storage tank 4 via the second water circulating pump 5 with is connected the 4th control valve 6 and connects the hydraulic fluid side entrance of cryogenic heat exchangers 2, the hydraulic fluid side outlet of cryogenic heat exchanger 2 connects the hydraulic fluid side entrance of air heater 31, and the hydraulic fluid side outlet of air heater 3 then connects the entrance of storage tank 4.
Above-mentioned each control valve, control valve and each water circulating pump all connect a control centre 16.
High-temperature heat-exchanging 1, cryogenic heat exchanger 2 and air heater 31 all arrange body draining valve and body leakage detector, and this body draining valve and body leakage detector are connected to control centre 16.The said equipment occurs at heat exchanger body in the situation of seepage in order to the practical operation situation of timely reflection heat exchanger, and it is according to its open and close of action control of the leakage detector of body layout.
Storage tank 4 arranges water compensating valve 12, and storage tank 4 is confirmed whether to carry out to the replenishing of medium in it according to the storage tank liquid level, and replenishes by water compensating valve 12.
Each control valve, each draining valve and water compensating valve all adopt electronic shut-off valve, and control valve adopts electronic adjustment valve.
Control centre 16 is comprised of central processing unit and actuator parts, accepts the central processing unit order by actuator and moves.
As shown in Figure 2, the direction of flowing through of heat transferring medium is specially:
1, condensate water part
In 111 outlets of the first low-pressure heater, get first control valve 9 of part (or all) condensate water by high-temperature heat-exchanging 1 entrance by the control valve 11 that arranges between the first low-pressure heater 111 and the second low-pressure heater 112 and enter high-temperature heat-exchanging 1 and carry out heat exchange, the condensate water after the heat exchange is converged to the import of the 3rd low-pressure heater 113 through the second control valve 10 of high-temperature heat-exchanging 1 outlet;
2, circulatory mediator part
1) the interior medium of storage tank 4 enters cryogenic heat exchanger 2 by the second water circulating pump 5 and the 4th control valve 6 and carries out heat exchange, enters air heater 31 after the heat exchange and carries out heat exchange again, again again converges after the heat exchange to storage tank 4;
2) the interior medium of storage tank 4 replenishes by water compensating valve 12.
3, flue gas partial
Boiler tail flue gas from air preheater 3 out through high-temperature heat-exchanging 1 heat exchange, enters deduster 20, deduster 20 is out through blower fan 30(air-introduced machine and booster fan), enter cryogenic heat exchanger 2 and again carry out heat exchange, enter desulfurizing tower 40 after the heat exchange, enter atmosphere from chimney 50.
4, air part
Air is through air blower 32(primary air fan or overfire air fan) enter air heater 31 and carry out heat exchange after, enter air preheater 3.
As shown in Figure 2, there is the detector of high-temperature heat-exchanging exit gas temperature T1, high-temperature heat-exchanging entrance flue gas temperature T5, high-temperature heat-exchanging entrance condensing water temperature T2, high-temperature heat-exchanging afterbody metallic walls temperature T3, cryogenic heat exchanger metallic walls temperature T4, storage tank liquid level L1 etc. at boiler of power plant smoke evacuation secondary heat recovery automatic control system parameter control point, and described detector all is connected to control centre 16.
The parameter signal that the on off state of all valves, water circulating pump, detector detect all collects controller 16, controls and shows by 16 pairs of each equipment of control centre.
The concrete control flow that the boiler of power plant smoke discharging residual heat is recycled automatic control system is:
1, the high temperature heat exchanging part drops into control flow automatically, shown in Fig. 3 a and 3b:
1) opens the first control valve 9 of high-temperature heat-exchanging 1 entrance;
2) open the second control valve 10 that high-temperature heat-exchanging 1 exports;
3) control valve 11 between adjacent two condensate water low-pressure heaters automatically adjusts;
4) judge that whether high-temperature heat-exchanging inlet water temperature T2 is greater than setting value;
When 5) condition does not satisfy, start the first water circulating pump 7;
6) open the 3rd control valve 8;
7) the first water circulating pump 7 is regulated automatically;
2, the high temperature heat exchanging part withdraws from control flow, as shown in Figure 4:
1) control valve 11 between adjacent two the low-temperature end condensate water low-pressure heaters of standard-sized sheet;
2) close the first control valve 9 of high-temperature heat-exchanging 1 entrance;
3) close the second control valve 10 that high-temperature heat-exchanging 1 exports;
4) in the situation that the first water circulating pump 7 starts, stop the first water circulating pump 7;
5) close the 3rd control valve 8;
6) open first row water valve 13.
3, low-temperature heat exchange part input control flow process, shown in Fig. 5 a and 5b:
1) when the cyclic water tank liquid level is lower than setting value, opens water compensating valve 12;
2) start the second water circulating pump 5;
3) open the 4th control valve 6;
4) the second water circulating pump 5 is regulated automatically.
4, low-temperature heat exchange partly withdraws from control flow, as shown in Figure 6:
1) stops the second water circulating pump 5;
2) close the 4th control valve 6 that the second water circulating pump exports;
3) open second row water valve 14 and the 3rd draining valve 15.
The method for diagnosing faults of boiler of power plant smoke evacuation secondary heat recovery automatic control system is:
As shown in Figure 7, the second control valve 10 that high-temperature heat-exchanging 1 body leaks, the first control valve 9 of high-temperature heat-exchanging 1 entrance closes feedback, high-temperature heat-exchanging outlet closes feedback, high-temperature heat-exchanging inlet flue gas temperature T5 when satisfying less than the arbitrary condition of setting value, and the high temperature heat exchanging part withdraws from;
As shown in Figure 8, cryogenic heat exchanger 2 bodies leak, air heater 31 bodies leak, the 4th control valve 6 of the second water circulating pump 5 tripping operation feedbacks, 5 outlets of the second water circulating pump closes feedback, high-temperature heat-exchanging outlet cigarette temperature T1 withdraws from when setting up simultaneously arbitrary condition and satisfying greater than the high limit of deduster 20 safe operation temperature and high temperature heat exchanging part, and low-temperature heat exchange partly withdraws from.