CN202585631U

CN202585631U - Solid oxide fuel battery difficult to deposit carbon

Info

Publication number: CN202585631U
Application number: CN2012200866392U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭丰亮
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-03-09
Filing date: 2012-03-09
Publication date: 2012-12-05
Anticipated expiration: 2022-03-09

Abstract

The utility model discloses a solid oxide fuel battery difficult to deposit carbon, which comprises two positive and negative porous electrodes and a conducting electrolyte layer between the two electrodes. The negative electrode is a fuel electrode; the positive electrode is an oxidizing agent electrode; and the positive anode adopts a manganese-based oxide material to replace CuO-based oxide. By the mode, the carbon can be effectively prevented from being deposited on the positive electrode; and the selected positive electrode material has high melting point, so that the problem of battery failure caused by the case that the positive electrode material is diffused into electrolyte is avoided.

Description

The SOFC that is difficult for carbon distribution

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of solid oxide fuel that is difficult for carbon distribution, particularly relates to the SOFC that is difficult for carbon distribution that a kind of anode is difficult for carbon distribution.

Background technology

SOFC (SOFC) is the third generation fuel cell after phosphate fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC); Generally about 600-1000 ℃, electromotive force derives from the different partial pressure of oxygen in battery both sides to its working temperature.The monomer whose battery is to be made up of positive and negative two electrodes (negative pole is fuel electrode, just very oxidant electrode) and electrolyte.The main effect of anode, negative electrode is conducting electronics and the diffusion admittance that reacting gas, product gas are provided.Solid electrolyte comes the gas partitions of both sides; Because the difference of both sides partial pressure of oxygen; Produced the chemical potential gradient of oxygen, under the effect of this chemical potential gradient, moved through the solid electrolyte anode at the oxonium ion (O2-) of negative electrode electron gain; Discharge electronics at anode, thereby form voltage at the two poles of the earth.

In principle, SOFC is one of optimal fuel cell, because it not only has the characteristics such as efficient and environmental friendliness of other fuel cells, also possesses following advantage:

(1) operating temperature high (being generally 800-1000 ℃), the chemical reaction rate of cathode and anode is big, and approaches thermodynamical equilibrium, and the polarization impedance of electrode is little, can not need valuable catalyst through big current density;

(2) because the gas permeability of solid oxide electrolyte is very low, and electronic conductivity is low, voltage can reach 96% of theoretical value during open circuit;

(3) because the SOFC operating temperature is high, be convenient to utilize high-temp waste gas, can realize cogeneration of heat and power, fuel availability is high;

(4) total solids structure has been avoided the corrosion of liquid electrolyte to material, has solved the control problem of electrolyte;

(5) oxide electrolyte is very stable, and mithridatism is good.Electrode has stronger contamination resistance relatively;

(6) can use pluralities of fuel, comprise direct use hydrocarbon;

(7) do not require the ancillary equipment condition, such as not needing humidity control, air conditioning etc.

Traditional fuel cell all is to be anode with the Ni base, and major part is fuel with H2, and both having used hydrocarbon fuel also is to feed battery again through reformation output H2, and this is not only dangerous, and has improved the manufacturing and the operating costs of battery.At present inside battery is reformed, gone out H2 and CO by the hydrocarbon fuel catalytic reaction, H2, CO spread the O2 electrochemical reaction and the ejected electron of coming again with by negative electrode.Inside reforming has proposed new requirement to galvanic anode again, and early stage Ni base anode is because Ni can participate in carbon laydown reaction (like the pyrolysis of methane), and promptly carbon and Ni generate intermetallic compound, along with the further deposition growing damage battery of carbon.

For the infringement of the deposition that solves carbon, can solve through two kinds of approach to battery: the one, change operating condition to reduce influence; The 2nd, the anode of seeking other substitutes Ni base anode.Finding aspect the change operating condition, concerning the water vapour inside reforming, needing only C/H than being maintained to certain proportion and just do not have the deposition of carbon.Even so, this brings some problems again, such as how to guarantee this ratio all the time within this scope, promptly enables operation, and cost of equipment also increases relatively, and the too high fuel efficiency of water vapour content descends, and battery performance descends.Aspect the alternative anode of seeking Ni base anode, two kinds of schemes are arranged: the one, the composite oxides anode is like (Ba/Sr/Ca/La) 0.6MxNb1-xO3-δ anode; The 2nd, other Metal Substrate oxide anodes are like CuO base anode.But the fusing point of CuO has only 1148 ℃, become liquid if sintering temperature is higher than this temperature CuO, and electrolyte does not also have densified sintering product under this temperature, so diffusion is very fast.If Cu diffuses into electrolyte, reduction back electrolyte has electron conduction, and this just equals internal short-circuit of battery, battery failure.Because the low melting point of CuO makes CuO and electrolyte be difficult to burn altogether.

The utility model content

The technical problem that the utility model mainly solves provides a kind of SOFC that is difficult for carbon distribution; Can effectively prevent the anode carbon distribution; And the anode material fusing point of selecting for use is higher, has avoided being diffused into the problem that causes battery failure in the electrolyte because of anode material.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above; The technical scheme that the utility model adopts is: a kind of SOFC that is difficult for carbon distribution is provided; Comprise: the conducting electrolyte layer between the electrode of positive and negative two porous and two electrodes, said anode are fuel electrode, and said negative electrode is an air electrode;, said anode adopts manganese-base oxide material.

In preferred embodiment of the utility model, said manganese-base oxide material fusing point is higher than the electrolyte sintering temperature.

In preferred embodiment of the utility model, said electrode and electrolyte interface contain the urania intermediate conductive layer, are printed on the electrolyte thin plate, and thickness is less than 10mm.

The beneficial effect of the utility model is:

(1) the utility model anode is selected manganese-base oxide material for use, and fusing point is higher, can burn altogether with electrolyte, has avoided because of the anode material fusing point is lower than sintering temperature, and rapid diffusion is advanced electrolyte, internal short-circuit of battery after causing reducing, and then the problem of battery failure.

(2) this anode material has good catalytic action to biogas steam inside reforming, has effectively prevented the anode carbon distribution.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the utility model is difficult for SOFC one preferred embodiment of carbon distribution; The mark of each parts is following in the accompanying drawing: 1, anode, 2, dielectric substrate, 3, negative electrode, 4, intermediate conductive layer.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the preferred embodiment of the utility model is set forth in detail, thereby the protection range of the utility model is made more explicit defining so that advantage of the utility model and characteristic can be easier to it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that.

See also Fig. 1, the utility model embodiment comprises: the conducting electrolyte layer 2 between the electrode of positive and negative two porous and two electrodes, and anode 1 is a fuel electrode, and negative electrode 3 is an air electrode, and anode 1 adopts manganese-base oxide material.

Further, the manganese-base oxide material fusing point is higher than the electrolyte sintering temperature, makes anode 1 material to burn altogether with electrolyte 2, has avoided diffusing into the problem that causes battery failure in the electrolyte 2 because of anode 1 material is lower than electrolyte 2 sintering temperatures.

Further, urania intermediate conductive layer 4 is contained at electrode and electrolyte 2 interfaces, and this layer conductor extracts from the suspended matter that contains urania and yittrium oxide, is printed on the electrolyte thin plate, and thickness is less than 10mm.Any point of this mixed conductor laminar surface all can be electrochemical reaction necessary condition is provided, and phase reaction point is increased greatly, reduces interface resistance.Reduced the activation energy of battery, made battery performance at low temperatures obtain obvious improvement.

Be different from prior art; The utility model anode 1 material selection manganese-base oxide replaced C uO base oxide; Fusing point is higher than electrolytical sintering temperature; Make electrolyte 2 and anode 1 material can carry out common burning, the useful life of having improved fuel cell, and effectively prevented anode 1 carbon distribution problem.

The above is merely the embodiment of the utility model; Be not thus the restriction the utility model claim; Every equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion that utilizes the utility model specification and accompanying drawing content to be done; Or directly or indirectly be used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner be included in the scope of patent protection of the utility model.

Claims

1. SOFC that is difficult for carbon distribution; Comprise: the electrode of two porous of negative and positive and the conducting electrolyte layer between two electrodes, said anode is a fuel electrode, said negative electrode is an air electrode; It is characterized in that said anode adopts manganese-base oxide material.

2. the SOFC that is difficult for carbon distribution according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said manganese-base oxide material fusing point is higher than the electrolyte sintering temperature.

3. the SOFC that is difficult for carbon distribution according to claim 1 is characterized in that said electrode and electrolyte interface contain the urania intermediate conductive layer, is printed on the electrolyte thin plate, and thickness is less than 10mm.