CN202548053U - Heavy metal analyzer based on extended strictly positive real (ESPR) - Google Patents
Heavy metal analyzer based on extended strictly positive real (ESPR) Download PDFInfo
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- CN202548053U CN202548053U CN 201220178545 CN201220178545U CN202548053U CN 202548053 U CN202548053 U CN 202548053U CN 201220178545 CN201220178545 CN 201220178545 CN 201220178545 U CN201220178545 U CN 201220178545U CN 202548053 U CN202548053 U CN 202548053U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a heavy metal analyzer based on extended strictly positive real (ESPR). The heavy metal analyzer based on the ESPR comprises a chemical reaction part, a surface plasma resonance spectrometer and an information processing system. The chemical reaction part comprises a detection cell, a counter electrode, a reference electrode, an array electrode and an electrochemical workstation. The array electrode is located at the bottom of the detection cell. The counter electrode and the reference electrode are inserted into the detection cell. The counter electrode, the reference electrode and the array electrode are respectively connected with the electrochemical workstation. The electrochemical workstation and the surface plasma resonance spectrometer are respectively connected with the information processing system. The heavy metal analyzer based on the ESPR can achieve simultaneous detection of multi-target heavy metal, improve detection sensitivity and spatial resolution, and reduce damage to thin metal film plates (the array electrode and active points thereof).
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the analytical chemistry field, is specifically related to a kind of heavy metal analyser based on ESPR.
Background technology
Along with science and technology and rapid economy development; Human more and more serious to environment damage, the pollutant kind that is discharged in the environment is more and more, and the trace element in the environment is indispensable for nature; But; Excessive meeting is to animals and plants and the human significant heavy metals of bio-toxicity such as very big harm, especially cadmium, lead, mercury, chromium and metalloid arsenic that bring, even also can producing greatly health of trace endangers; Understanding on heavy metal ion toxicity and the basis the harm of environment; Kind, content through metallic ion in the analysis environments and have form is made prediction to its environmental effect in advance, can effectively prevent the further deterioration of environment and the catastrophic effect that brings.
At present, have much about the monitoring method of metallic ion, methods such as GC, HPLC, FT-IR, GS/MS, atomic absorption, ICP-MS, x ray fluorescence spectrometry, colourimetry, chromatography of ions have been used for the mensuration of pollutant.Though the sensitivity of these methods is higher, experiment is expensive expensive, and operating cost is high, and the pre-treatment job requirement of measuring is meticulous.
The electrochemical method instrument and equipment is simple, is prone to robotization, and sensitivity and accuracy are all very high, and selectivity is good, and method is various, and speed is fast, and operating cost is lower, has more practicality, has obtained in the environmental analysis in modern times promoting widely.Galvanochemistry also has its shortcoming, measures the sample preparation more complicated in early stage, has relatively high expectations, if ISE is contaminated, then can reduce the sensitivity of mensuration.And conventional electrochemical method can not provide effective spatial resolution.
Surface plasma body resonant vibration (SPR) technology is a kind of physical optics phenomenon, and interface charge density is changed very sensitivity, has real-time monitoring reaction dynamic process, and analytic sample need not mark, and is highly sensitive, characteristics such as no background interference.
Galvanochemistry/surface plasma body resonant vibration (ESPR) technology that electrochemical method is combined with SPR; Just the electrochemistry original position time surface differentiated plasma resonance technology can be in the galvanochemistry in-site measurement absorbs the plasma resonance on ultrathin membrane surface and carries out time discrimination measurement; This technology is used for analysis field; Be used to detect the local surfaces electromotive force of electrochemical reaction at first, comprise also that afterwards the redox reaction of local surfaces detects the variation of the protein surface conformation that redox reaction causes; The sex change of the DNA chain under the different electromotive force controls, the high molecular polymerization effect that galvanochemistry causes etc.It is traditional based on the electrochemical method of measuring current signal to compare, and this technology more helps studying the heterogeneous reaction that occurs in electrode surface, can also be used to measuring the optical property of reaction system simultaneously, can help to analyze definite reaction mechanism.But when the sample that directly determining molecular weight is lower, concentration is lower, sensitivity for analysis is also not high enough.Therefore, in the research afterwards, the sensitivity, the accuracy that improve the ESPR detection will make the ESPR technology further perfect.When adopting ESPR to detect the solution metal ion in addition,, therefore,, it is used also receive certain restriction thin metal film plate (Au film) damage to some extent owing to there is the deposition/course of dissolution of metal.Existing when detecting the solution metal ion about ESPR, only adopt single gold electrode, the multiple goal of enrichment simultaneously heavy metal ion is unfavorable for the mensuration of multiple goal heavy metal ion.
When the size of electrode drops to micron-sized the time from the millimeter level of routine, change has taken place in a lot of electrochemical behaviors.On microelectrode, as long as thickness of diffusion layer reaches 100 microns even just can satisfy steady state conditions forr a short time, so the plurality of applications of microelectrode all is based on stable state.(microelectrodes array, use MEA) can make required sample size significantly reduce than conventional general electrode to microelectrode array.The not only required amount of reagent of microelectrode array is few, and volume is little, produces high conformity in batches, and has higher current density and better signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).Therefore, with the microelectrode array detection heavy metal that combines with the galvanochemistry stripping voltammetry, it is low to have an analysis cost, and the mensuration process need not to stir, and instrument is simply light, and the response time is fast, advantages such as sensitivity height.But electrod-array and galvanochemistry/surface plasma body resonant vibration (ESPR) technology do not combine and measure the instrument of heavy metal at present.
The utility model content
The utility model is in order to overcome the deficiency that above prior art exists; A kind of heavy metal analyser based on ESPR is provided; When can realizing the multiple goal heavy metal, this analyser detects; Improve the sensitivity that detects, improve spatial resolution, reduce the damage of thin metal film plate (array electrode and active site thereof).
The purpose of the utility model realizes through following technical scheme: this is based on the heavy metal analyser of ESPR; Comprise chemical reaction part, surface plasma resonance optical spectrum appearance and information handling system, chemical reaction partly comprises detection cell, to electrode, contrast electrode, array electrode and electrochemical workstation;
Array electrode is positioned at the detection cell bottom, and electrode, contrast electrode are inserted in the detection cell, and electrode, contrast electrode, array electrode are connected electrochemical workstation respectively; Electrochemical workstation, surface plasma resonance optical spectrum appearance be the link information disposal system respectively;
Array electrode comprises a plurality of active sites, active site the preparation material can be in following one or more: carbon fibre, glass carbon, CNT, Graphene, fullerene, adamas, gold, platinum, bismuth, boron;
Array electrode is the electrode through modifying, and used trim is one or several in shitosan, modification of chitosan, shitosan/carbon mano-tube composite, cashew resin, Pyrrolizidine ammonium dithiocarbamate, the tetra hydroxyanthraquinone.Array electrode can improve adsorbability, selectivity and the detection sensitivity to heavy metal ion through modifying, and reduces detectability, reduces in the testing process damage to active site simultaneously.
Said surface plasma resonance optical spectrum appearance comprises light source, prism and SPR detecting device, and prism is installed in below the array electrode, and light source, prism and SPR detecting device light path successively are connected.
The CCD camera that said SPR detecting device can be taken pictures for the resolution height fast.
Said light source is laser or LED lamp.
The analytical approach of above-mentioned heavy metal analyser based on ESPR comprises anodic stripping voltammetry, differential pulse stripping voltammetry, square wave stripping voltammetry, ion-exchange voltammetry and differentiated pulse stripping voltammetry.
Based on the electrochemistry original position time surface differentiated plasma resonance technology, said anodic stripping voltammetry may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to heavy metal ion kind to be detected, select array electrode, select trim, array electrode is modified through the coordination coating process;
(2) add detection cell to solution to be detected, electrochemical workstation is provided voltage to electrode, contrast electrode, array electrode, and laser or LED lamp send parallel polarized light;
(3), regulate the voltage of electrochemical workstation, the light intensity of regulating parallel polarized light according to the concentration of solution to be detected; According to the specific inductive capacity of solution to be detected, regulate the angle of parallel polarized light entrance prism, find resonance angle;
(4) parallel polarized light incides prism with resonance angle, sees through prism and shines the array electrode surface, causes the array electrode surface electronic to resonate; The Electron absorption luminous energy; Make catoptrical intensity reach minimum, reflected light penetrates prism, SPR detecting device detection of reflected light signal spr signal; Light signal converts electric signal to, sends information handling system to; Simultaneously, the heavy metal ion in three electrode enrichment solutions, electrochemical workstation is collected signal, also sends information handling system to;
(5) in the analytic process; Electrochemical workstation array electrode applies different voltages with different to carry out enrichment or applies the material that opposite voltage is removed enrichment; The CCD camera detects the spr signal in the whole process; The plasma resonance that the CCD camera is measured the array electrode surface absorbs, and carries out time resolution, analyzes kind and concentration that spr signal obtains measure heavy metal ion; Information handling system is composed the galvanochemistry information and the optical information that can obtain the solution of surveying according to SPR, handles qualitative analysis and the required information of quantitative test of obtaining.
Said heavy metal ion is one of any or combination of following kind: lead, cadmium, copper, chromium, mercury, zinc, arsenic, cobalt, nickel, palladium, iron.
In the said step (2), add detection cell to solution to be detected, carry out the technology of an array electrode coordination plating bismuth simultaneously: add detection cell to bismuth salt; In the testing process, heavy metal ion is reduced into metallic film earlier and reoxidizes stripping, and simultaneously, bismuth ion follows heavy metal ion to realize that reduction reoxidizes stripping, and bismuth ion plays synergy.That array electrode coordination plating bismuth film has is highly sensitive, potential window is wide, to advantages such as dissolved oxygen DO are insensitive; On the array electrode of modified with the method check weighing metallic ion of coordination plating bismuth film; Sensitivity is higher, fast measuring when can realize contents of many kinds of heavy metal ion.
The utility model has following advantage with respect to prior art:
1, this combines electrochemical method based on the heavy metal analyser of ESPR with SPR, can very effectively reduce the interference of background; Because background response can not form solid product at electrode surface, so it is very little to SPR detection interference.But even there be not net current to pass through under the situation of electrode surface, as long as electrode surface has the formation of solid product (like metallic compound), SPR then has comparatively sensitive response.
2, the utility model is a kind of full optical detection, and electrochemical noise does not have influence basically to ESPR; Resonance angle is relevant with specific inductive capacity; The specific inductive capacity of solution to be measured is relevant with its composition, if solution composition changes then resonance angle significant change; So, can carry out qualitative, quantitative test to sample very delicately through SPR spectrum (relation of intensity of reflected light and incident angle).Surface plasma body resonant vibration (surface plasmon resonance, SPR) techniques make use the physical optics phenomenon that produces of metallic film optical coupled, be a kind of very sensitive optical analysis means, so electrochemical noise does not have influence basically to ESPR.
3, the utility model adopts suitable material to modify working electrode, both can improve its sensitivity and selectivity, has reduced the damage to active site simultaneously again.When adopting ESPR to detect the solution metal ion,, therefore,, it is used also receive certain restriction active site (Au film) damage to some extent owing to there is the deposition/course of dissolution of metal.If adopt suitable part that heavy metal ion is carried out complexing, then can shift heavy metal ion selectively, can reduce damage again to active site.
4, the advantage of array electrode, spr sensor and electrochemical measuring technology that the utility model is integrated; Enlarged its range of application separately; The counterweight metal ion detection has characteristics such as multiple goal detection simultaneously, high resolving power, high sensitivity, high selectivity and fast-response time, can be widely used in the detection and the daily monitoring of heavy metal ion in fresh water, seawater, articles for daily use and the body fluid.
5, surface plasma body resonant vibration (SPR) technology is a kind of physical optics phenomenon, and interface charge density is changed very sensitivity, has real-time monitoring reaction dynamic process, and analytic sample need not mark, and is highly sensitive, characteristics such as no background interference.SPR combines with electrochemical measuring technology, is applied to chemical analysis field, has expanded the application of SPR, has also solved some limitations of galvanochemistry itself simultaneously, and brought new effect: handle the early stage as simplifying sample, and effective spatial resolution etc. is provided.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be the utility model based on three electrodes of the heavy metal analyser of ESPR and the structural representation of prism.
Fig. 2 is the overall diagram of heavy metal analyser;
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional viewpoin figure of array electrode;
Fig. 4 is that heavy metal divides appearance to compare the graph of a relation of enrichment time and spr signal;
Fig. 5 is that heavy metal divides appearance to compare the graph of a relation of accumulating potential and spr signal;
Fig. 6 is to variable concentrations Pb
2+Detection figure;
Fig. 7 is the heavy metal concentration of presentation graphs 6 and the related coefficient figure between the spr signal;
Fig. 8 is the Pb to variable concentrations
2+And Cu
2+Detect figure simultaneously;
Fig. 9 modifies array electrode to variable concentrations Pb
2+Detection figure;
Figure 10 is the heavy metal concentration of presentation graphs 9 and the related coefficient figure between the spr signal;
Figure 11 modifies the Cd of array electrode to variable concentrations
2+, Pb
2+And Cu
2+Detect figure simultaneously.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is described further.
Embodiment 1:
Like Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the heavy metal analyser based on ESPR shown in Figure 3; Chemical reaction part, surface plasma resonance optical spectrum appearance and information handling system 1, chemical reaction partly comprise detection cell 2, to electrode 3, contrast electrode 4, array electrode 5 and electrochemical workstation 6;
Array electrode is positioned at the detection cell bottom, and electrode, contrast electrode are inserted in the detection cell, and electrode, contrast electrode, array electrode are connected electrochemical workstation respectively; Electrochemical workstation, surface plasma resonance optical spectrum appearance be the link information disposal system respectively;
Array electrode comprises 8 active sites 7, active site the preparation material can be in following one or more: carbon fibre, glass carbon, CNT, Graphene, fullerene, adamas, gold, platinum, bismuth, boron;
Array electrode is the electrode through modifying, and used trim is one or several in shitosan, modification of chitosan, shitosan/carbon mano-tube composite, cashew resin, Pyrrolizidine ammonium dithiocarbamate, the tetra hydroxyanthraquinone.Array electrode can improve adsorbability, selectivity and the detection sensitivity to heavy metal ion through modifying, and reduces detectability, reduces in the testing process damage to active site simultaneously.
The surface plasma resonance optical spectrum appearance comprises the CCD camera 10 that LED lamp 8, prism 9 and resolution height can be taken pictures fast, and prism is installed in below the array electrode, and the light that the LED lamp sends arrives the CCD camera through prism.
Based on the electrochemistry original position time surface differentiated plasma resonance technology, adopt anodic stripping voltammetry, may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to heavy metal ion kind to be detected, select array electrode, select trim, array electrode is modified through the coordination coating process;
(2) add detection cell to solution to be detected, electrochemical workstation is provided voltage to electrode, contrast electrode, array electrode, and laser or LED lamp send parallel polarized light;
(3), regulate the voltage of electrochemical workstation, the light intensity of regulating parallel polarized light according to the concentration of solution to be detected; According to the specific inductive capacity of solution to be detected, regulate the angle of parallel polarized light entrance prism, find resonance angle;
(4) parallel polarized light incides prism with resonance angle, sees through prism and shines the array electrode surface, causes the array electrode surface electronic to resonate; The Electron absorption luminous energy; Make catoptrical intensity reach minimum, reflected light penetrates prism, SPR detecting device detection of reflected light signal spr signal; Light signal converts electric signal to, sends information handling system to; Simultaneously, the heavy metal ion in three electrode enrichment solutions, electrochemical workstation is collected signal, also sends information handling system to;
(5) in the analytic process; Electrochemical workstation array electrode applies different voltages with different to carry out enrichment or applies the material that opposite voltage is removed enrichment; The CCD camera detects the spr signal in the whole process; The plasma resonance that the CCD camera is measured the array electrode surface absorbs, and carries out time resolution, analyzes kind and concentration that spr signal obtains measure heavy metal ion; Information handling system is composed the galvanochemistry information and the optical information that can obtain the solution of surveying according to SPR, handles qualitative analysis and the required information of quantitative test of obtaining.
Said heavy metal ion is one of any or combination of following kind: lead, cadmium, copper, chromium, mercury, zinc, arsenic, cobalt, nickel, palladium, iron.
Embodiment 2:
In order to improve sensitivity for analysis, can in the step (2) of embodiment, add detection cell to solution to be detected, carry out the technology of an array electrode coordination plating bismuth simultaneously: add detection cell to bismuth salt; In the testing process, heavy metal ion is reduced into metallic film earlier and reoxidizes stripping, and simultaneously, bismuth ion follows heavy metal ion to realize that reduction reoxidizes stripping, and bismuth ion plays synergy.That array electrode coordination plating bismuth film has is highly sensitive, potential window is wide, to advantages such as dissolved oxygen DO are insensitive; On the array electrode of modified with the method check weighing metallic ion of coordination plating bismuth film; Sensitivity is higher, fast measuring when can realize contents of many kinds of heavy metal ion.
Embodiment 3:
Fig. 4 is the chart that the branch appearance compares the relation of enrichment time and spr signal; Fig. 5 is the chart that the branch appearance compares the relation of accumulating potential and spr signal.As shown in Figure 4 when enrichment time when 60s is increased to 180s, spr signal intensity increases, when enrichment time continued to increase, the spr signal Strength Changes was not obvious; Pb as shown in Figure 5
2+Spr signal intensity along with accumulating potential increases from-0.9V to-1.3V, when current potential was more negative, spr signal intensity reduced on the contrary.
Therefore, consider test duration and sensitivity, accumulating potential selection-1.3V, enrichment time is selected 180s, and response current is maximum under this condition.
Embodiment 4:
Fig. 6 is to variable concentrations Pb
2+The detection chart; Fig. 7 is the heavy metal concentration of presentation graphs 6 and the chart of the related coefficient between the spr signal.As shown in Figure 6, at 0.1M NaClO
4The Pb of variable concentrations in the solution
2+Spr signal and the graph of a relation of voltage.Its signal is through the 0.1M NaClO under the same terms
4Blank solution is proofreaied and correct.Accumulating potential is-1.3V that enrichment time is 3min.Spr signal has obvious change in-0.6V--0.4V potential range.Facies relationship numerical value R as shown in Figure 7
2Be 0.9496.
This experiment has shown with this analysis appearance measures Pb
2+Linear very good.
Embodiment 5:
Fig. 8 is the Pb of the utility model embodiment to variable concentrations
2+And Cu
2+Detect chart simultaneously.As shown in Figure 8, the Pb of variable concentrations
2+And Cu
2+The spr signal and the electromotive force graph of a relation that detect simultaneously.At 0.1MNaClO
4Pb in the solution
2+The SPR displacement more negative, near-0.4V, Cu
2+SPR displacement calibration, near 0.2V.The enrichment electromotive force and the time of sample solution is respectively-1.3V and 3min.Pb
2+The SPR displacement change potential range and be-0.6V--0.4V Cu
2+The SPR displacement to change potential range be 0.2V-0V.
This description of test this analysis appearance survey Pb simultaneously
2+And Cu
2+, the response time is fast, resolution and highly sensitive.
Embodiment 6:
Fig. 9 modifies working electrode to variable concentrations Pb
2+The detection chart; Figure 10 is the heavy metal concentration of presentation graphs 9 and the chart of the related coefficient between the spr signal.As shown in Figure 9, shitosan is compounded on the working electrode (being array electrode), on modified electrode with the method for coordination plating bismuth film, at 0.1M NaClO
4The Pb of the middle variable concentrations that solution records
2+Spr signal and the graph of a relation of voltage.Its signal is through the 0.1M NaClO under the same terms
4Blank solution is proofreaied and correct.Accumulating potential is-1.3V that enrichment time is 3min.Spr signal has obvious change in-0.6V--0.4V potential range.Its detection line is compared with naked gold electrode and is decreased.Each facies relationship numerical value shown in figure 10 is 0.9878.
This experiment has shown the Pb that measures variable concentrations with this analysis appearance
2+, linearity is all very good.
Embodiment 7:
Figure 11 is the Cd of modified electrode to variable concentrations
2+, Pb
2+And Cu
2+Detect chart simultaneously.Shown in figure 11, shitosan is compounded on the working electrode, on modified electrode with the method for coordination plating bismuth film, the Cd of variable concentrations
2+, Pb
2+And Cu
2+The spr signal and the electromotive force graph of a relation that detect simultaneously.At 0.1M NaClO
4Cd in the solution
2+The SPR displacement more negative, near-0.7V, Pb
2+The SPR displacement near-0.45V, Cu
2+SPR displacement calibration, near 0.2V.The enrichment electromotive force and the time of sample solution is respectively-1.3V and 3min.Cd
2+The SPR displacement change potential range and be-0.75--0.65V Pb
2+The SPR displacement change potential range and be-0.65V--0.45V Cu
2+The SPR displacement to change potential range be 0.2V-0V.
This description of test this analysis appearance survey Cd simultaneously
2+, Pb
2+And Cu
2+, the response time is fast, resolution and highly sensitive.
Above-mentioned embodiment is the preferred embodiment of the utility model; Can not limit the utility model; Other any change or other equivalent substitute mode that does not deviate from the technical scheme of the utility model and made is included within the protection domain of the utility model.
Claims (4)
1. based on the heavy metal analyser of ESPR, it is characterized in that: comprise chemical reaction part, surface plasma resonance optical spectrum appearance and information handling system, chemical reaction partly comprises detection cell, to electrode, contrast electrode, array electrode and electrochemical workstation;
Array electrode is positioned at the detection cell bottom, and electrode, contrast electrode are inserted in the detection cell, and electrode, contrast electrode, array electrode are connected electrochemical workstation respectively; Electrochemical workstation, surface plasma resonance optical spectrum appearance be the link information disposal system respectively;
Array electrode comprises a plurality of active sites, active site the preparation material can be a kind of in following: carbon fibre, glass carbon, CNT, Graphene, fullerene, adamas, gold, platinum, bismuth, boron;
Array electrode is the electrode through modifying, and used trim is a kind of in shitosan, modification of chitosan, shitosan/carbon mano-tube composite, cashew resin, Pyrrolizidine ammonium dithiocarbamate, the tetra hydroxyanthraquinone.
2. the heavy metal analyser based on ESPR according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said surface plasma resonance optical spectrum appearance comprises light source, prism and SPR detecting device; Prism is installed in below the array electrode, and light source, prism and SPR detecting device light path successively are connected.
3. the heavy metal analyser based on ESPR according to claim 2 is characterized in that: said SPR detecting device is the CCD camera.
4. the heavy metal analyser based on ESPR according to claim 2 is characterized in that: said light source is laser or LED lamp.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102628798A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2012-08-08 | 广州盈思传感科技有限公司 | ESPR-based heavy metal analyzer and analysis method thereof |
| WO2020238830A1 (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-12-03 | Jinan University | Fiber-optic sensing apparatus, system and method for characterizing metal ions in solution |
| CN112161969A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-01 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Method and system for detecting content of metal ions in different forms |
-
2012
- 2012-04-24 CN CN 201220178545 patent/CN202548053U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102628798A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2012-08-08 | 广州盈思传感科技有限公司 | ESPR-based heavy metal analyzer and analysis method thereof |
| WO2020238830A1 (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-12-03 | Jinan University | Fiber-optic sensing apparatus, system and method for characterizing metal ions in solution |
| CN112161969A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-01 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Method and system for detecting content of metal ions in different forms |
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