CN202502665U - Environment-friendly smoking experiment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the fields of chemistry and chemical basic theory research and basic application, and especially relates to an environment-friendly smoking experiment apparatus and an operation method. The apparatus provided by the utility model comprises a distilling flask which is fixed on an iron support and of which the bottleneck faces downward; two glass tubes are inserted in a double-hole plug which is tightly plugged in the bottleneck; two filter flasks are respectively filled with strong ammonia water and concentrated nitric acid and the bottleneck is tightly plugged with a single-hole plug; two branch tubes of a three-way glass tube are respectively inserted into the single-hole plugs of the two filter flasks; the other branch tube of the three-way glass tube is communicated with a double connecting bulb; the branch tubes of the two filter flasks are respectively communicated with the two glass tubes in the double-hole plug of the distilling flask through rubber tubes; a test tube filled with strong base is placed in a wide-mouth bottle; the glass tube inserted into the test tube is communicated with the branch tube of the distilling flask through a rubber tube; the test tube mouth is plugged with a cotton ball which is not dipped with sulfuric acid. In the experiment adopting the apparatus of the utility model, a process of generating NH4NO3 (s) by NH3 (g) and HNO3 (g) at a normal temperature can be observed and analyzed. Operation is convenient, environmental protection can be achieved and phenomenon is obvious.

Description

A kind of environmental protection experimental provision of smoldering

Technical field

The utility model belongs to chemical fundamental research and base application field, is specifically related to a kind of environmental protection smolder experimental provision, method of operating.

Background technology

In chemistry teaching; In order to explain that hydrogen chloride gas and ammonia normal temperature just can directly react the generation chloride solid; Usual method is, is stained with concentrated hydrochloric acid with a glass bar, and another root glass bar is stained with strong aqua; Two glass rods that will speckle with different solutions then are as far as possible near (not being contact), guiding student observation experiment phenomenon simultaneously.Though this experimental technique is simple to operate, yet exist some not enough: phenomenon was both obvious inadequately, again can not be lasting; Also can't collect and the detection reaction product; Lack strong cogency, more serious is to have polluted environment, and this has brought great negative effect to the environmental consciousness of cultivating the student.Therefore, research and design goes out a kind of method that adopts locking device and quick, safe and effective environmental protection to smolder and test, and becomes a kind of necessity.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is the deficiency to the existing experimental technique of smoldering, and a kind of simple operation, high safety, the environmental protection simple in structure experimental provision of smoldering is provided.

The purpose of the utility model is to realize through following technical scheme: this environmental protection experimental provision of smoldering, and it comprises that a bottleneck is standing upside down downwards and is fixed in the cucurbit on the iron stand that its bottleneck tightly is plugged with the diplopore plug, is inserted with two glass tubes in the diplopore plug; Two bottle,suctions are equipped with strong aqua and red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) respectively; Its bottleneck tightly is plugged with the single hole plug; Two arms of a threeway glass tube insert respectively in the single hole plug of two bottle,suctions; Another arm of threeway glass tube is linked with a double-stranded ball, and the arm on the bottleneck of two bottle,suctions is respectively through two glass tube UNICOMs in the diplopore plug of rubber tube and said cucurbit; One is equipped with sodium hydroxide solution or the test tube of SAS is positioned in the wide-necked bottle, is inserted with a glass tube in the test tube, and this glass tube is through the arm UNICOM of rubber tube and said cucurbit, and the test tube mouth then is plugged with the cotton-wool that is soaked with sulfuric acid.

The beneficial effect of the utility model is:

(1) whole experiment device sealing, no harmful gas contaminated air, very friendly to environment, realized the experiment greenization, help cultivating student's the environmental consciousness and the environmental protection sense of duty.

(2) instrument is simple, and material is easy to get, and is easy to operate, and phenomenon is obvious, and success ratio high (100%) is effective, can repeated multiple times operate high safety.

(3) it is formed to collect white cigarette and ability quick test easily, has strengthened the cogency and the confidence level of experiment widely.

(4) for how classroom instruction and scientific research organically being combined the positive facilitation of performance, also be that the student is carried out individualized education, expand the effective ways of good individual character and creative thinking.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is described in further detail.

Referring to Fig. 1, in the present embodiment, cucurbit 6 bottlenecks are standing upside down downwards and are being fixed on the iron stand 5, tightly fill in the diplopore plug of its bottleneck, to be inserted with two glass tubes 13.Visible from figure; Strong aqua 1 and red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) 3 are housed respectively in two bottle,suctions 7; Two arms insert respectively in the single hole plug of two bottle,suctions 7 about threeway glass tube 9; Arm in the middle of another of threeway glass tube 9 on bottleneck of 2, two bottle,suctions 7 of the double-stranded ball of arm UNICOM is respectively through two glass tube 13 UNICOMs in the diplopore plug of rubber tube 12 and cucurbit 6.Test tube 11 is positioned in the wide-necked bottle 10, and sodium hydroxide solution 4 is housed in the test tube 11, is inserted with glass tube 13 in the test tube 11, and glass tube 13 is through the arm UNICOM on rubber tube 12 and cucurbit 6 bottlenecks, and the mouth of pipe of test tube 11 is plugged with the cotton-wool 8 that is soaked with sulfuric acid.

The operating process of the utility model is following:

(1) after the tight plug one of bottleneck of cucurbit 6 was inserted with the diplopore plug of glass tube 13, bottleneck was fixed on the iron stand 5 down.

(2) get two bottle,suctions 7 in addition, add 20ml strong aqua, red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) respectively after, tight respectively again plug is inserted with the single hole plug of glass tube.

Glass tube in (3) two single hole plugs is two arms that are connected with the threeway glass tube 9 of double-stranded ball 2, the arm of two bottle,suctions 7 is connected through rubber tube 12 and the glass tube that is fixed on cucurbit 6 bottle plugs on the iron stand 5 13 again.

(4) get a test tube 11, behind the adding 20ml sodium hydroxide solution 4, insert in the wide-necked bottle 10.

(5) arm that is fixed in the cucurbit 6 on the iron stand 5 is through rubber tube 12 and glass tube 13 UNICOMs that insert test tube 11, again the mouth of pipe of test tube 11 put one be soaked with sulfuric acid cotton-wool 8.

(6) referring to Fig. 1, after all are ready, push double-stranded ball 2 gently, just can clear view in the cucurbit 6 that is fixed on the iron stand 5, there be dense white cigarette billowing at once.

(7) if many crowded several double-stranded balls 2 down after dense smoke disappears, can be observed little white particle on the bottle wall of cucurbit 6.

(8) when being stained with considerable white particle on the bottle wall of cucurbit 6, stop to push double-stranded ball 2, pull down cucurbit 6, be blown into the capacity air to get rid of unreacted intact NH to cucurbit 6 ₃(g) and HNO ₃(g), add 5mL distilled water again in cucurbit 6, rotation cucurbit 6 is divided into two parts to solution after white particle is dissolved, to identify the ammonium radical ion

With nitrate ion

Existence.

(9) in a solution of above-mentioned gained with sulfuric acid acidation after; Add urea and the interference of heating to eliminate ; The concentrated sulfuric acid solution that adds diphenylamine again; Solution shows in the test solution existence that

arranged really by the colourless mazarine that becomes.

(10) in another part solution, behind the adding NaOH, add Nessler's reagent (K again ₂HgI ₄), solution produces red-brown precipitation immediately, and explaining in the test solution has

The experimental principle of the utility model is:

The chemical thermodynamics principle that white cigarette produces:

$\mathrm{\Δ}{G}_f^o/\mathrm{kJ}\·{\mathrm{mol}}^{-1}-16.636-73.60-184.01$

$\mathrm{\Δ}{G}_r^o=-184.01-(-16.636)-(-73.60)$

$=-93.8(\mathrm{kJ}\·{\mathrm{mol}}^{-1})$

Aforementioned calculation clearlys show, the reaction Gibbs free energy that generates the white cigarette of ammonium nitrate is less than zero, and is a very negative value, and NH is described ₃(g) and HNO ₃(g) be to react fully to generate NH at normal temperature ₄NO ₃(s).

The effect of alkali lye mainly is to be used for absorbing because of pushing the intact HNO of the too fast unreacted of double-stranded ball in the tail gas test tube ₃(g).

HNO ₃+NaOH=NaNO ₃+H ₂O

The effect of sulfuric acid mainly is to be used for absorbing because of pushing the intact ammonia NH of the too fast unreacted of double-stranded ball on the cotton-wool ₃(g).

H ₂SO ₄+NH ₃=NH ₄HSO ₄

Therefore should not be too fast when pushing double-stranded ball.If condition does not allow, also available ear washing bulb replaces double-stranded ball.Really not having condition just directly to blow to threeway glass-tube arm with mouth also can.

Although the generation of white cigarette can make and produce negative pressure in the reaction tube, make invisible spectro air pressure greater than external pressure when pushing double-stranded ball air-blowing, thereby the suck-back phenomenon can not take place.Result of experiment has fully confirmed this deduction repeatedly.

Claims (1)

1. environmental protection experimental provision of smoldering is characterized in that: it comprises that a bottleneck is standing upside down downwards and is fixed in the cucurbit on the iron stand that its bottleneck tightly is plugged with the diplopore plug, is inserted with two glass tubes in the diplopore plug; Two bottle,suctions are equipped with strong aqua and red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) respectively; Its bottleneck tightly is plugged with the single hole plug; Two arms of a threeway glass tube insert respectively in the single hole plug of two bottle,suctions; Another arm of threeway glass tube is linked with a double-stranded ball, and the arm on the bottleneck of two bottle,suctions is respectively through two glass tube UNICOMs in the diplopore plug of rubber tube and said cucurbit; One is equipped with sodium hydroxide solution or the test tube of SAS is positioned in the wide-necked bottle, is inserted with a glass tube in the test tube, and this glass tube is through the arm UNICOM of rubber tube and said cucurbit, and the test tube mouth then is plugged with the cotton-wool that is soaked with sulfuric acid.

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