CN202325851U

CN202325851U - Opposed-piston homogeneous charge compression ignition engine with variable compression ratio

Info

Publication number: CN202325851U
Application number: CN2011204709019U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁天宇
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-11-18
Filing date: 2011-11-18
Publication date: 2012-07-11
Anticipated expiration: 2021-11-18

Abstract

The utility model relates to an opposed-piston homogeneous charge compression ignition engine with variable compression ratio, which is characterized in that: two pistons are oppositely arranged in an air cylinder; a main crankshaft and an auxiliary crankshaft are arranged on two sides of the air cylinder and are connected with respective pistons through connecting rods; the auxiliary crankshaft is connected with a phase crankshaft through an angle rotating device; the phase crankshaft is connected with the main crankshaft through a phase connecting rod; the main crank shaft and the auxiliary crankshaft have the same rotating speed and the same rotating direction; a rotating angle of the angle rotating device is adjusted by two oil cylinders in the angle rotating device, so that the phase crankshaft is provided with an advance angle relative to the auxiliary crankshaft; the phase crankshaft drives the main crankshaft through the phase connecting rod so as to rotate the advance angle; finally, the main crankshaft is provided with an advance angle (i.e. a phase angle of the main and the auxiliary crankshafts) compared with the auxiliary crankshaft; the compression ratio of the engine is varied according to the adjustment of the phase angle of the main and the auxiliary crankshafts; and the engine can adopt a homogeneous charge compression ignition manner to work in a full process according to the adjustment of the compression ratio of the engine.

Description

A kind of variable compression ratio opposed pistons homogeneity compression-ignition engine

Technical field

The utility model is a kind of variable compression ratio opposed pistons homogeneity compression-ignition engine; It is characterized in that two pistons of positioned opposite in the cylinder; The both sides that major and minor bent axle is arranged in cylinder link to each other with separately piston through connecting rod; Secondary crankshaft links to each other with the phase place bent axle through gyrator, and the phase place bent axle links to each other with main crankshaft through the phase place connecting rod, and the rotating speed of major and minor bent axle is identical with sense of rotation; Adjust the corner of gyrator through two inner oil cylinders of gyrator; Make the phase place bent axle with respect to secondary crankshaft an advance angle arranged, the phase place bent axle promotes main crankshaft through the phase place connecting rod and rotates an advance angle, and it is major and minor crankshaft position that final main crankshaft has an advance angle than secondary crankshaft; The compression ratio that changes motor through the phase angle size of adjusting major and minor bent axle is big or small, can make the motor overall process adopt the homogeneous compression-ignition mode to work through the compression ratio of adjusting motor.

Background technique

The notion of homogeneity compression-ignition engine (abbreviation hcci engine) has proposed decades, and it has drawn the common advantage of petrol engine and diesel engine, adopts the high compression ratio compression-ignition, does not have closure, in cylinder, forms homogeneous charge; Do not have spark plug, adopt the direct compression ignite mixed gas of high compression ratio, its advantage is not have tangible flame propagation; Velocity of combustion is fast, thereby the thermal efficiency is high, reduces the discharging of nitrogen oxide and solid particle dance; Thereby the extensive attention of acquisition countries in the world, but its shortcoming is also clearly, and the operating mode scope of HCCI is narrow; Power load is low, is prone to during high load produce pinking, and motor is prone to catch fire during low-load; To this problem, international automobile major companies such as GM adopt the way of control combustion process to solve, and adopt methods such as in-cylinder direct injection, variable timing, the control of intelligent fuel oil and exhaust gas recirculation to control the combustion process of hcci engine; Obviously widened HCCI operating mode scope, but still will adopt traditional plug ignition mode when high load and low-load, the challenge of the maximum of hcci engine is accurately to control combustion process; Control system is extremely complicated, has increased the cost of motor, so this motor does not have volume production so far.

Model utility purpose and advantage

The variable compression ratio opposed pistons homogeneity compression-ignition engine of the utility model; It is characterized in that two pistons of positioned opposite in a cylinder; The both sides that major and minor bent axle is arranged in cylinder link to each other with separately piston through connecting rod, and secondary crankshaft links to each other with the phase place bent axle through gyrator, and the phase place bent axle is through the phase place connecting rod and main crankshaft is continuous makes the rotating speed of major-minor bent axle identical; Adjust the corner of gyrator through two inner oil cylinders of gyrator; Make the phase place bent axle with respect to secondary crankshaft an advance angle arranged, the phase place bent axle promotes main crankshaft through the phase place connecting rod and rotates an advance angle, and final main crankshaft has one to rotate advance angle than secondary crankshaft; The compression ratio that changes motor through the advance angle size of adjusting major and minor bent axle is big or small, can make the motor overall process adopt the homogeneous compression-ignition mode to work through the compression ratio of adjusting motor; Very thin in engine idle stage and low load stage mixed gas; Adopt high compression ratio can guarantee that motor does not catch fire, mixed gas is dense during high load, adopts low compression ratio that postponed the firing time of motor and avoids engine knock; The compression ratio of motor is adjusted according to concrete operating mode; Certain load adopts certain compression ratio to make the motor overall process adopt the HCCI mode to work, and the number of spare parts of motor reduces about 40%, and weight reduces about 30%; Reliability is equally reliable with diesel engine, and the thermal efficiency is higher than common petrol engine far away even can surpasses diesel engine.

The model utility content

Variable compression ratio opposed pistons homogeneity compression-ignition engine (see figure 1) is characterized in that being made up of secondary crankshaft (1), slave connecting rod I (2), sub-piston I (3), intake duct (4), cylinder I (5), oil nozzle I (6), air outlet flue (7), main piston I (8), master connecting rod I (9), main crankshaft (10), slave connecting rod II (11), sub-piston II (12), oil nozzle II (13), main piston II (14), master connecting rod II (15), cylinder II (16), gyrator (17), phase place bent axle (18) and phase place connecting rod (19), and oil nozzle I and oil nozzle II place the neutral position of cylinder I and cylinder II with the fuel oil DCI direct cylinder injection; Main crankshaft (10) and secondary crankshaft (1) are arranged in the both sides of cylinder I (5) and cylinder II (16), and secondary crankshaft (1) links to each other with phase place bent axle (18) through gyrator (17), and phase place bent axle (18) links to each other with main crankshaft (10) through phase place connecting rod (19); The rotating speed of major and minor bent axle is identical with sense of rotation, and the structure of phase place bent axle (18) is equivalent to the bent axle of a single-cylinder engine, adjusts the compression ratio size of motor through the phase angle size of the major and minor bent axle of gyrator (17) adjustment; As shown in Figure 4, wherein Fig. 4-1 is the situation that major and minor bent axle does not rotate advance angle, and the minimum range between two-piston is a; A rotation advance angle that angle is X has been arranged between the major and minor bent axle shown in Fig. 4-2, and the minimum range of two-piston is b, and advance angle X is called major and minor crankshaft position; When major and minor crankshaft position X changes; Pair of pistons in the same cylinder can not arrive top dead center simultaneously, and the minimum range b of piston space is greater than a, thereby compression ratio can diminish; Compression ratio was maximum when major and minor crankshaft position X was zero; Along with major and minor crankshaft position X strengthens, compression ratio reduces, and compression ratio is minimum when reaching the maximal phase parallactic angle; The piston phase angle of cylinder I and cylinder II differs 180 degree; Be a two cylinder two-cycle engines, when the pair of pistons move toward one another arrives the cylinder neutral position, with the mixed gas compression ignite; It is descending to promote the piston work done; The piston of air outlet flue one side is at first opened air outlet flue (7), and the waste gas in the cylinder is discharged from air outlet flue (7), continues the piston of descending intake duct (4) one sides along with piston and opens intake duct (4); The pressurized gas of coming from air pump pours cylinder and the remainder of exhaust gas the cylinder is scanned out from cylinder accomplishes ventilation; This moment, intake duct (4) and air outlet flue (7) were in open mode simultaneously, and accomplishing eve in exhaust is the eve that piston closes is lived air outlet flue (7), and oil nozzle sprays into fuel oil in cylinder; Piston returns the entering compression stroke then; Turbulent flow in the cylinder makes fuel oil and air form homogeneous charge, and mixed gas is compressed burning in the time of near the piston arrives top dead center, and then the entering power stroke goes round and begins again.

On the cylinder of bent axle one side that air outlet flue (7) is shifted to an earlier date at the phase angle; Because the existence of major and minor crankshaft position X is arranged; Always the bent axle that shifted to an earlier date of phase place arrives lower dead center earlier; Therefore always the piston of this side open air outlet flue (7) earlier and this moment intake duct seal, if air outlet flue (7) designs the other side at cylinder, piston can be in advance opened intake duct (4) and is caused engine exhaust to seal in engine inlets motor can not be worked.

Gyrator (17) (see figure 2) is made up of principal pressure oil duct (20), main corner piston (21), master cylinder (22), wedge block I (23), main rotation angle disk (24), wedge block II (25), auxiliary oil cylinder (26), secondary corner piston (27), secondary rotation angle disk (28), secondary stress oil duct (29), wedge block III (31), wedge block IV (32) and 8 semicylinders (30); Main rotation angle disk (24) is connected with secondary crankshaft (1) bolt; Secondary rotation angle disk (28) is connected with phase place bent axle (18) bolt; There is fan-shaped boss one or three quadrant positions of main rotation angle disk; There is fan-shaped boss secondary rotation angle disk two four-quadrant positions, and the fan-shaped boss of major and minor rotation angle disk is inserted in together (seeing Fig. 3-1) each other, is processed with the arc surface groove in the both sides of each fan-shaped boss; Be equipped with semicylinder (30) in the arc surface groove; Semicylinder (30) can rotate along the arc surface groove but can not slide vertically by the restriction of major and minor rotation angle disk, and assembling a pair of semicylinder (30) on relative two mating faces of the every pair of fan-shaped boss inserts a wedge block between per two semicylinders (30); Two inclined-planes on the wedge block cooperate with the plane of two semicylinders (30); Wedge block can be along the radially sliding but can not slide vertically of major and minor rotation angle disk, and wherein wedge block I, wedge block II are one group and driven by main corner piston (21), outwards moves to make and change major and minor angle dish angle and diminish; Move inward to make and change the dish angle change of major and minor angle greatly; Wedge block III, wedge block IV are other one group and driven by secondary corner piston (27), outwards move and can make major and minor rotation angle disk angle change greatly, move inward major and minor rotation angle disk angle is diminished; Along with major and minor rotation angle disk angle changes; Semicylinder (30) can rotate along the arc surface groove on the fan-shaped boss, and the fan-shaped boss of major and minor rotation angle disk, semicylinder (30) are always face with wedge block and contact, and the face contact can bear higher impact force and working life more of a specified duration.

The master cylinder (22) of gyrator (17) is in the axle center of secondary crankshaft (1); Auxiliary oil cylinder (26) (see figure 2) in the axle center of phase place bent axle (18); The crankshaft journal in the outside of major and minor oil cylinder is installed bearing shell and is connected with body; Benefit is to shorten the motor axial length, and main corner piston (21) is installed on the master cylinder (22), and secondary corner piston (27) is installed on the auxiliary oil cylinder (26); The outer end of main corner piston (21) and secondary corner piston (27) is connected a rectangular block; Two end faces of rectangular block have the inclined-plane guiding groove, and the bottom surface of two guiding grooves becomes isosceles trapezoid, and two rectangular blocks become criss-crossing to arrange; The rectangular block middle part of main corner piston (21) is a rectangular recess; The rectangular block middle part of secondary corner piston (27) is a rectangular boss, and rectangular boss is inserted in the rectangle groove and certain interval is axially being arranged, and major and minor corner piston each other can be along piston shaft to small slip but can not rotate each other; To guarantee that two oil cylinders can be stuck with gyrator from opposite both direction pressurization; The guiding groove bottom surface of rectangular block contacts with the following inclined-plane face of wedge block I, wedge block II, wedge block III, wedge block IV, pressure oil is provided for major and minor oil cylinder through the principal pressure oil duct (20) at secondary crankshaft (1) center and the secondary stress oil duct (29) at phase place bent axle (18) center, and major and minor oil cylinder pressurization promotes major and minor corner piston-advance wedge block and ejected; Reduce pressure major and minor corner piston of major and minor oil cylinder is regained the wedge block withdrawal, and wedge block is assemblied in the rectangular block guiding groove of major and minor corner piston nose and can endwisely slips along bent axle.

Main crankshaft (10) is than secondary crankshaft (1) when the phase angle shifts to an earlier date; Main crankshaft (10) directly connects clutch; Because the main crankshaft phase angle in advance, main crankshaft has turned over top dead center when oil inflame produces pressure maximum, and much more more the power that oil inflame produces have and export to clutch from main crankshaft (10); Power still less passes to clutch via secondary crankshaft (1) → gyrator (17) → phase place bent axle (18) → phase place connecting rod (19) → main crankshaft (10); Many from the kinetic current transmission progression that secondary crankshaft passes over, energy loss is more, has higher efficient so clutch directly is connected with main crankshaft (10).

When main crankshaft (10) is more backward than secondary crankshaft (1) phase angle; Be that the phase angle is negative; Power is exported to speed changer jointly by major and minor bent axle; This kind situation only is applicable to twin shaft input type speed changer, and power inputs to speed changer by main crankshaft (10) and secondary crankshaft (1) respectively, and the route of kinetic current is to not influence of transmission efficiency.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a variable compression ratio opposed pistons homogeneity compression-ignition engine structure principle chart.

Fig. 2 is the angle-modulator enlarged view.

The angle-modulator fundamental diagram of Fig. 3 for amplifying, wherein Fig. 3-1 is the sectional view of angle-modulator, and this moment, corner was 0 degree, and Fig. 3-2 is an angle-modulator hard-over state, and corner is the X degree.

Fig. 4 is the fundamental diagram of variable compression ratio engine, and wherein Fig. 4-1 is the schematic diagram of 0 degree for the phase angle, and Fig. 4-2 is the schematic diagram of X degree for the phase angle, the schematic diagram when Fig. 4-3 reaches pressure maximum for the motor at X degree phase angle.

Embodiment

Engine compression ratio adjustment: the master cylinder decompression auxiliary oil cylinder pressurization of angle-modulator; Move secondary corner piston reach after making main corner piston, promote to move in wedge block I, the II, wedge block III, IV move outward and make major-minor rotation angle disk angle become big; Gyrator is connected with main crankshaft through phase place bent axle, phase place connecting rod; The angle of gyrator increases the phase place angle X that makes major and minor bent axle and increases, and causes the major-minor piston not reach top dead center simultaneously, and the compression ratio of motor is reduced; And the big more compression ratio in phase angle is low more, and compression ratio is minimum when major and minor bent axle reaches the maximal phase parallactic angle.Otherwise, the decompression of master cylinder pressurization auxiliary oil cylinder, the gyrator corner diminishes, and engine compression ratio increases.When the gyrator angular adjustment accomplish the major and minor oil cylinder in back simultaneously boost pressure gyrator is clamped stuck from positive and negative both direction, it is constant to make gyrator remain on a fixing angle, with the impact of opposing bent axle rotation.

The idling stage: motor adopts maximum compression ratio; Main corner piston is advanced to maximum position, and secondary corner piston is all regained, and the major-minor bent axle has the minimum phase angle; The major-minor oil cylinder is added to pressure maximum simultaneously and makes gyrator stuck then; Oil nozzle sprays into few fuel oil in cylinder, form very thin mixed gas, maximum compression ratio can guarantee idling stage motor normally the compression ignite mixed gas make motor keep minimum speed not catch fire.

The high load stage: when automobile underdrive adds when hastening to go, the load of motor is very high, and oil nozzle sprays into a lot of fuel oils in engine cylinder; Form dense mixed gas; Require this moment to adopt less compression ratio, major and minor corner piston reaches the appropriate location, and angle-modulator turns over suitable corner; The compression ratio of cylinder is less; In the compression stroke low compression ratio postponed firing time, avoid the engine producing pinking and make motor that higher load arranged, but low compression ratio can make the engine efficiency step-down.

High load is to low load stage: when automobile by low speed to the high speed transition stage, the load of motor changes from high to low, main corner piston extends gradually; Secondary corner piston is withdrawn gradually, and the corner of gyrator reduces gradually, and the phase angle of major and minor bent axle reduces gradually; It is big that the compression ratio of motor becomes gradually; The fuel injection quantity of engine nozzle reduces gradually, and the concentration of mixed gas reduces gradually, suitable mixture strength coupling proper compression ratio; Make motor that best time of ignition arranged, the best efficient of motor performance.

Low-load is to the high load stage: engine compression ratio is adjusted to low from height, can avoid the mixed gas of overrich to produce pinking and can improve engine load again.

From at a high speed to the hypervelocity stage: like speed during from 120Km/h to 180Km/h; Fuel injection quantity in cylinder strengthens gradually; Mixed gas is more and more denseer; At this moment reduce compression ratio gradually and make motor avoid producing pinking, adjust to minimum up to the compression ratio of motor, this moment, the rotating speed of motor reached rated speed.

The advance angle of engine ignition adjustment: because major and minor bent axle has the existence at phase angle, the asynchronous rotation of major and minor piston is when two pistons of motor reach minimum range; A piston has turned over top dead center, and another piston does not also arrive top dead center, if this moment, mixture combustion just reached pressure maximum; Can cause the generation of engine knock, meeting part of damage when serious is so need the motor premature ignition; This advancement amount is exactly the ignition advance angle of motor; Be exactly to arrive maximum pressure before with the mixed gas compression ignite at the engine compresses stroke, after mixed gas perfect combustion was accomplished, the piston of hysteresis just was in the top dead center place; Can avoid the engine producing pinking can make motor that peak efficiency is arranged again like this; The detonation sensor of motor has detected pinking take place after, reduce the compression ratio of some motors slightly through the controller ECU of motor, pinking will be eliminated.When motor from low-load when high load changes, engine controller ECU can slowly reduce the compression ratio of motor, has detected pinking up to engine knock sensors and has taken place; Reduce compression ratio then fast to eliminate pinking; When motor from high load when low-load changes, engine controller ECU can slowly strengthen compression ratio, detects the generation of pinking up to detonation sensor; Then compression ratio is reduced a bit to eliminate pinking; Like this, motor is worked under the situation that is lower than the pinking critical value slightly all the time, and motor has higher efficient.

Claims

1. variable compression ratio opposed pistons homogeneity compression-ignition engine; It is characterized in that by secondary crankshaft (1), slave connecting rod I (2), sub-piston I (3), intake duct (4), cylinder I (5), oil nozzle I (6), air outlet flue (7), main piston I (8), master connecting rod I (9), main crankshaft (10), slave connecting rod II (11), sub-piston II (12), oil nozzle II (13), main piston II (14), master connecting rod II (15), cylinder II (16), gyrator (17), phase place bent axle (18), phase place connecting rod (19), form; Oil nozzle is in the neutral position of cylinder; Main crankshaft (10), secondary crankshaft (1) are arranged in the both sides of cylinder I (5) cylinder II (16); Secondary crankshaft (1) links to each other with phase place bent axle (18) through gyrator (17); Phase place bent axle (18) links to each other with main crankshaft (10) through phase place connecting rod (19); The rotating speed of major and minor bent axle is identical with sense of rotation, adjusts the compression ratio size of motor through the phase angle size of the major and minor bent axle of gyrator (17) adjustment.

2. variable compression ratio opposed pistons homogeneity compression-ignition engine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that air outlet flue (7) is on the cylinder of the bent axle that is shifted to an earlier date near the phase angle one side.

3. variable compression ratio opposed pistons homogeneity compression-ignition engine as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that gyrator (17) is made up of principal pressure oil duct (20), main corner piston (21), master cylinder (22), wedge block I (23), main rotation angle disk (24), wedge block II (25), auxiliary oil cylinder (26), secondary corner piston (27), secondary rotation angle disk (28), secondary stress oil duct (29), wedge block III (31), wedge block IV (32) and 8 semicylinders (30); Main rotation angle disk (24) is connected with secondary crankshaft (1) bolt; Secondary rotation angle disk (28) is connected with phase place bent axle (18) bolt; The fan-shaped boss of major and minor rotation angle disk is inserted in together each other; Be processed with the arc surface groove in the both sides of each fan-shaped boss; Be equipped with semicylinder (30) in the arc surface groove, semicylinder (30) can rotate along the arc surface groove but can not slide vertically by the restriction of major and minor rotation angle disk, assembling a pair of semicylinder (30) on relative two mating faces of the every pair of fan-shaped boss; Insert a wedge block between per two semicylinders (30); Two inclined-planes on the wedge block cooperate with the plane of two semicylinders (30), and wedge block can be along the radially sliding but can not slide vertically of major and minor rotation angle disk, and wherein wedge block I, wedge block II are one group and driven by main corner piston (21) outwards to move to make and change major and minor angle dish angle and diminish; Wedge block III, wedge block IV are other one group and receive outside the moving of secondary corner piston (27) driving can make major and minor rotation angle disk angle become big; Along with major and minor rotation angle disk angle changes, semicylinder (30) can rotate along the arc surface groove on the fan-shaped boss, and fan-shaped boss, semicylinder and the wedge block of major and minor rotation angle disk are always face and contact.

4. variable compression ratio opposed pistons homogeneity compression-ignition engine as claimed in claim 3; The master cylinder (22) that it is characterized in that gyrator (17) is in the axle center of secondary crankshaft (1); Auxiliary oil cylinder (26) is in the axle center of phase place bent axle (18); Main corner piston (21) is installed on the master cylinder (22), and secondary corner piston (27) is installed on the auxiliary oil cylinder (26), and the outer end of main corner piston (21) and secondary corner piston (27) is connected a rectangular block; Two end faces of rectangular block have the inclined-plane guiding groove; The bottom surface of two guiding grooves becomes isosceles trapezoid, and the rectangular block of major and minor corner piston outer end becomes criss-crossing to arrange, the rectangular block middle part of main corner piston (21) is a rectangular recess; The rectangular block middle part of secondary corner piston (27) is a rectangular boss; Rectangular boss is inserted in the rectangle groove and certain interval is arranged each other, and major and minor corner piston each other can be along piston shaft to small slip but can not rotate each other, and the guiding groove bottom surface of major and minor corner piston outer end rectangular block contacts with the following inclined-plane face of wedge block I, wedge block II, wedge block III, wedge block IV; Pressure oil is provided for major and minor oil cylinder through the principal pressure oil duct (20) at secondary crankshaft (1) center and the secondary stress oil duct (29) at phase place bent axle (18) center; The pressurization of major and minor oil cylinder promotes major and minor corner piston-advance wedge block and is ejected, and the major and minor oil cylinder major and minor corner piston that reduces pressure is regained the wedge block withdrawal, and wedge block is assemblied in the rectangular block guiding groove and can endwisely slips along bent axle.

5. variable compression ratio opposed pistons homogeneity compression-ignition engine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that main crankshaft (10) than secondary crankshaft (1) when the phase angle shifts to an earlier date, and main crankshaft (10) directly connects clutch.

6. variable compression ratio opposed pistons homogeneity compression-ignition engine as claimed in claim 1, when it is characterized in that main crankshaft (10) is more backward than secondary crankshaft (1) phase angle, power is exported to speed changer jointly by major and minor bent axle.