CN202256213U - Device for measuring thermal properties of nanofluid - Google Patents
Device for measuring thermal properties of nanofluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN202256213U CN202256213U CN2011202791521U CN201120279152U CN202256213U CN 202256213 U CN202256213 U CN 202256213U CN 2011202791521 U CN2011202791521 U CN 2011202791521U CN 201120279152 U CN201120279152 U CN 201120279152U CN 202256213 U CN202256213 U CN 202256213U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a device for measuring thermal properties of nanofluid, relating to the technical field of fluid heat transfer. The device has is characterized in that the same device can be used for completing both the measurement of heat conductivity coefficient of the nanofluid and the measurement of convective heat transfer coefficient; in addition a grinding liquid feeding system for grinding is simulated by a hydraulic pump and a heat flow boundary condition as same as a grinding working condition can be obtained by heating the nanofluid through nichrome resistance wires, thus the device not only has high integration degree and utilization rate, but also has high measurement precision and good reliability is good, and a problem that the heat conductivity coefficient and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the current nanofluid are respectively measured by different devices is solved.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the fluid heat transferring technical field, promptly a kind of nano-fluid thermal characteristic measurement device.
Background technology
Grinding is important precision machining method, and it mainly is used for improving surface of the work precision and surface integrity.But the smear metal layer thickness is thinner in the grinding process; Compare with cutting and to differ tens times to hundred times; So little thickness of cutting can make it very bigger than cutting force, and specific energy is very high, produces great amount of heat; Wherein approximately the heat of 60%-95% is imported into workpiece, only has less than 10% heat and is taken away by smear metal.These heats that import workpiece into often have little time to import the workpiece depths in grinding process, form localized hyperthermia and accumulate in the surface of the work layer.Workpiece surface temperature often can be up to more than 1000 ℃, superficial layer form great thermograde (can reach 600-1000 ℃/mm), so the thermal effect of grinding is to workpiece surface quality and usability influence greatly.Particularly, temperature will cause the fire damage (oxidation, burn, unrelieved stress and the crackle on surface) on surface when surpassing a certain critical value on the interface; Its result will cause the wear resistance of part to reduce; The sensitivity of stress corrosion increases, the fatigue resistence variation, thereby reduces the serviceable life and the functional reliability of part.Simultaneously, the accumulation temperature rise of workpiece in the grinding cycle also causes workpiece to produce dimensional accuracy and form accuracy error.In addition, grinding heat can aggravate the wearing and tearing of emery wheel, causes the raising of processing cost.
In order to eliminate or reduce the influence of grinding heat, people adopt the heat-conducting medium that flows to participate in grinding process, have reached the purpose of taking away heat.The fluid heat-conducting medium that adopts at present mainly contains two kinds of liquids and gases.Gas mainly is cool air injection.Liquid has liquid nitrogen and grinding fluid etc., and wherein, using the widest is grinding fluid.The grinding fluid that uses at present can be divided into two big types: i.e. oil base grinding fluid and water-based milling liquid.The oil base grinding fluid generally is in various straight mineral oils, to add composition such as polar additive, for the purpose of environmental protection, also has and adopts vegetable oil to do main composition.Water-based milling liquid is divided into two kinds of emulsion and lysates again, and the emulsification grinding fluid is the emulsion of oil and water, and the dissolving grinding fluid is the lysate that in water, adds the syntholube formation of solubility.The function of grinding fluid mainly contains following four aspects: lubrication; Cooling effect; Cleanup action; Rust inhibition etc.Oil base grinding fluid greasy property is superior to water-based milling liquid, but the water-based milling liquid good cooling results.
Can be known that by the enhanced heat exchange theory heat-transfer capability of solid material is much larger than liquids and gases, the coefficient of heat conductivity of solid material is than the big several magnitude of fluent material under the normal temperature.Table 1 has contrasted the thermal conductivity value of solid and fluent material, can judge thus, and the coefficient of heat conductivity of liquid that is suspended with metal, nonmetal or polymer solid particles is big more many than neat liquid.If in the grinding medium, add solids, can significantly increase the coefficient of heat conductivity of fluid media (medium), improve the ability of convective heat transfer, greatly remedy cooling power defect of insufficient in the grinding.In addition, nano particle (referring to be of a size of the ultra-fine small solid particle of 1-100nm) also has tribological properties such as special antiwear and antifriction and high bearing capacity aspect lubricated and the tribology.The utility model adds the nanoscale solids particle in the grinding medium processes nano-fluid, relies on the liquid feed device of grinding fluid in the grinding machine to spray into grinding area, and workpiece is played cooling and lubricated effect.
The coefficient of heat conductivity of several kinds of common used materials of table 1
The nano-fluid thermal characteristics is weighed with coefficient of heat conductivity and convection transfer rate, and the measuring method of coefficient of heat conductivity and convection transfer rate is a lot, according to different measuring objects and measurement range various suitable methods is arranged.Divide from heat-transfer mechanism, comprise steady state method and unstable state method; Steady state method comprises flat band method, guarded plate method, heat flow meter method etc.; The unstable state method is called the transient state method again, comprises heat-pole method, hot dish method, laser method etc.Shape according to sample can be divided into flat band method, right cylinder method, ball method, heat-pole method etc. again.What application was more now is the thermal transient collimation method, because on the theory, heat-pole method is that the coefficient of heat conductivity of solid, liquid, gas all can be measured, and is the best method of testing of generally acknowledging in the present international coefficient of heat conductivity application.But adopt which kind of measuring method at present all can not be on same equipment both coefficient of heat conductivity of energy measurement fluid, the energy measurement convection transfer rate is measured nor can simulate actual grinding operating mode again.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the utility model provides a kind of nano-fluid thermal characteristic measurement device; Both coefficient of heat conductivity of energy measurement fluid on same equipment; Energy measurement convection transfer rate, and convection transfer rate is again measured under simulation grinding actual working conditions.
Above-mentioned purpose is realized by following technical scheme: develop a kind of nano-fluid thermal characteristic measurement device, comprise Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids measurement mechanism and convection transfer rate measurement mechanism.Be characterized in: said Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids measurement mechanism is by liquid reserve tank, hydraulic pump, variable valve, feed tube, copper pipe, sleeve pipe, low temperature CO
2Gas, wire rack mount, draw lead, platinum filament, nano-fluid, position transducer, end cap, short drain pipe, long drain pipe, Wheatstone bridge metering circuit, direct supply, data acquisition unit, computing machine formation.
Said liquid reserve tank, hydraulic pump, variable valve, feed tube, copper pipe, sleeve pipe, low temperature CO
2Gas, platinum filament, nano-fluid, position transducer, end cap respectively have two, the parallel positioned opposite in the left and right sides, and the lower end and the liquid reserve tank of hydraulic pump link, and the upper end links to each other with variable valve, and the variable valve upper end links with feed tube, copper pipe and end cap successively.
Said hydraulic pump is a centrifugal pump, and output pressure is 0.25-1.2MPa, and liquid supply rate is 10-90L/min.
Wire rack mount, platinum filament, nano-fluid, position transducer are installed in the said copper pipe; Each copper pipe is furnished with two L shaped wire rack mount and draws lead, and platinum filament links to each other with the L shaped end of wire rack mount, and each wire rack mount is passed end cap and drawn lead and link to each other with one; On the copper pipe sidewall, have small sircle hole and link to each other with long drain pipe perforation with short drain pipe respectively, the lower end of short drain pipe and long drain pipe links to each other with liquid reserve tank respectively, in the lower end of copper pipe small sircle hole position transducer is installed.
The said copper pipe outside installs a sleeve pipe additional, fills low temperature CO in the interlayer between sleeve pipe and copper pipe
2Gas.
The said lead of drawing inserts respectively in the Wheatstone bridge metering circuit; The two ends of direct supply link to each other with the Wheatstone bridge metering circuit with the c node through a node, data acquisition unit respectively with the Wheatstone bridge metering circuit in b node, d node and computing machine link to each other.
Said convection transfer rate measurement mechanism is to be made up of nickel-chrome resistance wire, D.C. regulated power supply, reometer, voltage table, outside wall temperature sensor, fluid cross-section temperature sensor, inlet temperature sensor, outlet temperature sensor, sensor measurement signal collector, flowmeter, pressure gauge, thermometer, flowmeter and refrigeratory; It is characterized in that: said nickel-chrome resistance wire, D.C. regulated power supply, reometer, voltage table constitute heating circuit; Give the heating of the nano-fluid in the copper pipe, to obtain the hot-fluid boundary condition identical with the grinding operating mode.
Said outside wall temperature sensor has four, is evenly arranged on the outer wall of the copper pipe between copper pipe lower end and the long drain pipe.
Said fluid cross-section temperature sensor has three, is evenly arranged on the radius cross section of nano-fluid equal height.
Said inlet temperature sensor, outlet temperature sensor are installed in nano-fluid entrance and exit place in the copper pipe respectively.
Said sensor measurement signal collector links to each other with outside wall temperature sensor, fluid cross-section temperature sensor, inlet temperature sensor, outlet temperature sensor respectively and constitutes signal acquiring system, and the sensor measurement signal collector is 16 channel signal acquisition analysis systems.
Said flowmeter, pressure gauge link to each other with feed tube.
Said thermometer, flowmeter and refrigeratory are connected on the long drain pipe.
The beneficial effect of the utility model is: on same equipment, can accomplish the measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids; Can accomplish the measurement of convection transfer rate again, and with the grinding fluid liquid-supplying system of hydraulic pump simulation grinding, heat to nano-fluid with the nickel-chrome resistance wire and obtain the hot-fluid boundary condition identical with the grinding operating mode; Not only equipment integration rate is high, utilization factor is high; And measuring accuracy is high, and good reliability more has directive significance to reality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is coefficient of heat conductivity and the convective heat-transfer coefficient measurement mechanism sketch of this embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the coefficient of heat conductivity data acquisition system (DAS) figure of this embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the temperature sensor arrangenent diagram of this embodiment.
Visible among the figure: as to draw lead 1, wire rack mount 2, outlet temperature sensor 3, position transducer 4, nano-fluid 5, thermometer 6, flowmeter 7, sensor measurement signal collector 8, outside wall temperature sensor 9, fluid cross-section temperature sensor 10, platinum filament 11, inlet temperature sensor 12, refrigeratory 13, flowmeter 14, feed tube 15, pressure gauge 16, nickel-chrome resistance wire 17, D.C. regulated power supply 18, reometer 19, voltage table 20, low temperature CO
2Gas 21, copper pipe 22, sleeve pipe 23, variable valve 24, hydraulic pump 25, liquid reserve tank 26, Wheatstone bridge metering circuit 27, direct supply 28, data acquisition unit 29, computing machine 30, short drain pipe 31, long drain pipe 32, end cap 33.
Embodiment
The total design of the utility model provides a kind of nano-fluid thermal characteristic measurement device; Both coefficient of heat conductivity of energy measurement nano-fluid on same equipment, the convection transfer rate of energy measurement nano-fluid, and convection transfer rate is again measured under simulation grinding actual working conditions; Not only plant factor is high; And measurement is accurate, reliability is high, more meets actual condition, and reality is more had directive significance.Introduce coefficient of heat conductivity and the convective heat-transfer coefficient measurement mechanism sketch that a kind of embodiment: Fig. 1 is this embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, constitute by Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids measurement mechanism and convection transfer rate measurement mechanism.At first measure the coefficient of heat conductivity of nano-fluid, in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2 is visible, and the Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids measurement mechanism is by liquid reserve tank 26, hydraulic pump 25, variable valve 24, feed tube 15, copper pipe 22, sleeve pipe 23, low temperature CO
2Gas 21, wire rack mount 2, draw lead 1, platinum filament 11, nano-fluid 5, position transducer 4, end cap 33, short drain pipe 31, long drain pipe 32, Wheatstone bridge metering circuit 27, direct supply 28, data acquisition unit 29, computing machine 30 formations.When measuring beginning; Getting two thermal capacity is zero; Diameter is 17 μ m; The platinum filament 11 that length is respectively 119mm and 42mm is fixed on the L shaped end of the identical wire rack mount 2 of linear expansion coefficient and platinum filament 11, and two overhanging ends of drawing lead 1 of each copper pipe 22 are linked to each other with Wheatstone bridge metering circuit 27.During work; Primer fluid press pump 25; Nano-fluid 5 sucking-off from liquid reserve tank 26 enters into copper pipe 22 through variable valve 24, feed tube 15, when the liquid level of nano-fluid 5 in copper pipe 22 reaches position transducer 4 preset height; Close hydraulic pump 25, at this moment platinum filament 11 is fully immersed in the middle of the nano-fluid 5 in the copper pipe 22.Shown in Figure 2 is coefficient of heat conductivity data acquisition system (DAS) figure, is made up of Wheatstone bridge metering circuit 27, direct supply 28, data acquisition unit 29, computing machine 30.R
rBe 0.01 grade of precision resistance of 1 Ω, R
2And R
4Be 0.01 grade of precision resistance of resistance 100 Ω, R
1And R
3Be the very low adjustable resistance of temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance, R
LAnd R
sThe resistance of representing the length platinum filament respectively.Before the image data, the little electric current of input 5mA is regulated R to the ac two ends earlier
1And R
3Make electric bridge be in equilibrium state, at this moment bridge output voltage U
BdBe zero.Beginning image data, direct supply are exported constant DC stream I to ac two ends, and the temperature of long and short platinum filament will raise, the resistance value dR that raises respectively
LAnd dR
s, bridge output voltage dU
BdWith two platinum filament resistance change dR
LAnd dR
sBetween relation be:
The available following formula of the relation of platinum filament resistance and temperature is represented:
R(T)＝R(O)(1+α(T-273.15)) (2)
In the formula, α is the platinum filament temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance; Length was the platinum filament resistance of L (L is the poor of two platinum filament length) when R (O) was 0 ℃.Can get (2) branch that declines:
dR＝R(O)αdT (3)
Coefficient of heat conductivity can be represented with following formula:
Bring the related data that the coefficient of heat conductivity data acquisition system (DAS) records into coefficient of heat conductivity that (4) formula can calculate nano-fluid.
After having surveyed Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids; Measure the nano-fluid convection transfer rate again; In conjunction with Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is visible, and the convection transfer rate measurement mechanism is to be made up of nickel-chrome resistance wire 17, D.C. regulated power supply 18, reometer 19, voltage table 20, outside wall temperature sensor 9, fluid cross-section temperature sensor 10, inlet temperature sensor 12, outlet temperature sensor 3, sensor measurement signal collector 8, flowmeter 14, pressure gauge 16, thermometer 6, flowmeter 7 and refrigeratory 13.When measuring the nano-fluid convection transfer rate, position transducer 4 is inoperative.During work; Only start the hydraulic pump 25 in left side; Nano-fluid 5 sucking-off from liquid reserve tank 26; Enter into copper pipe 22 through variable valve 24, feed tube 15, pressure gauge 16, flowmeter 14; Nano-fluid 5 in the copper pipe 22 flow back in the liquid reserve tank 26 through long drain pipe 32, thermometer 6, flowmeter 7 and refrigeratory 13 and realizes convection circulation, can change the nano-fluid input parameter through regulating variable valve 24, pressure gauge 16, flowmeter 14, and adjusting flowmeter 7 can change nano-fluid rate of discharge and flow velocity; The nano-fluid temperature is identical in the nano-fluid temperature that the temperature of nano-fluid in the long drain pipe 32 of thermometer 6 monitoring, refrigeratory 13 are guaranteed to flow back to and the liquid reserve tank 26.In order to obtain the hot-fluid boundary condition identical with the grinding operating mode; Nickel-chrome resistance wire 17 is wrapped on copper pipe 22 outer walls with the mode of helix; Nickel-chrome resistance wire 17, D.C. regulated power supply 18, reometer 19, voltage table 20 constitute heating circuit; Give the nano-fluid in the copper pipe 22 5 heating,, can obtain the grinding area heat-flux conditions under the multiple different grinding condition through regulating the output voltage and the electric current of D.C. regulated power supply 18.Spread towards periphery in order to eliminate the heat that nickel-chrome resistance wire 17 sends, fill low temperature CO in the interlayer between sleeve pipe 23 and copper pipe 22
2 Gas 21 plays insulation and heat insulation effect.Arrange nine temperature sensors at copper pipe 22, wherein outside wall temperature sensor 9 has four, is evenly arranged on the outer wall of the copper pipe 22 between copper pipe 22 lower ends and the long drain pipe 32, is used for measuring copper pipe outer wall medial temperature; Fluid cross-section temperature sensor 10 has three, is evenly arranged on the radius cross section of nano-fluid 5 equal heights, is used for measuring the mean heat flux of nano-fluid; Inlet temperature sensor 12, outlet temperature sensor 3 are installed in nano-fluid entrance and exit place in the copper pipe 22 respectively, are used for measuring the mean value that nano-fluid is imported and exported section temperature; Sensor measurement signal collector 8 links to each other with outside wall temperature sensor 9, fluid cross-section temperature sensor 10, inlet temperature sensor 12, outlet temperature sensor 3 respectively and constitutes signal acquiring system, and sensor measurement signal collector 8 is 16 channel signal acquisition analysis systems.Convection transfer rate h
NfAvailable following formula is represented:
In the formula, q is the mean heat flux of nano-fluid, T
wBe copper pipe outer wall medial temperature, T
fBe the fluid medial temperature, i.e. the mean value of fluid inlet and outlet section temperature, promptly
In the test process, the mean heat flux of the nano-fluid that sensor measurement signal collector 8 is collected, copper pipe outer wall medial temperature, the mean value of fluid inlet and outlet section temperature is brought the convection transfer rate h that formula (5) can obtain nano-fluid into
Nf
Claims (9)
1. a nano-fluid thermal characteristic measurement device comprises Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids measurement mechanism and convection transfer rate measurement mechanism; Be characterized in: said Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids measurement mechanism is by liquid reserve tank (26), hydraulic pump (25), variable valve (24), feed tube (15), copper pipe (22), sleeve pipe (23), low temperature CO
2Gas (21), wire rack mount (2), draw lead (1), platinum filament (11), nano-fluid (5), position transducer (4), end cap (33), short drain pipe (31), long drain pipe (32), Wheatstone bridge metering circuit (27), direct supply (28), data acquisition unit (29), computing machine (30) formation; Said liquid reserve tank (26), hydraulic pump (25), variable valve (24), feed tube (15), copper pipe (22), sleeve pipe (23), low temperature CO
2Gas (21), platinum filament (11), nano-fluid (5), position transducer (4), end cap (33) respectively have two; The parallel positioned opposite in the left and right sides; The lower end of hydraulic pump (25) and liquid reserve tank (26) link; The upper end links to each other with variable valve (24), on the variable valve (24) successively and feed tube (15), copper pipe (22) and end cap (33) link.
2. nano-fluid thermal characteristic measurement device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said hydraulic pump (25) is a centrifugal pump, and output pressure is 0.25-1.2MPa, and liquid supply rate is 10-90L/min.
3. nano-fluid thermal characteristic measurement device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: wire rack mount (2), platinum filament (11), nano-fluid (5), position transducer (4) are installed in the said copper pipe (22); Platinum filament (11) two ends link to each other with the L shaped end of wire rack mount (2), and wire rack mount (2) is passed end cap (33) and drawn lead (1) and link to each other; Perforation links to each other with long drain pipe (32) with short drain pipe (31) respectively on copper pipe (22) sidewall, to have small sircle hole; The lower end of short drain pipe (31) and long drain pipe (32) links to each other with liquid reserve tank (26) respectively, in the lower end of copper pipe (22) small sircle hole position transducer (4) is installed.
4. nano-fluid thermal characteristic measurement device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said copper pipe (22) outside installs a sleeve pipe (23) additional, fills low temperature CO in the interlayer between sleeve pipe (23) and copper pipe (22)
2Gas (21).
5. nano-fluid thermal characteristic measurement device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said convection transfer rate measurement mechanism is to be made up of nickel-chrome resistance wire (17), D.C. regulated power supply (18), reometer (19), voltage table (20), outside wall temperature sensor (9), fluid cross-section temperature sensor (10), inlet temperature sensor (12), outlet temperature sensor (3), sensor measurement signal collector (8), flowmeter (14), pressure gauge (16), thermometer (6), flowmeter (7) and refrigeratory (13); Said nickel-chrome resistance wire (17), D.C. regulated power supply (18), reometer (19), voltage table (20) constitute heating circuit, give the heating of the nano-fluid (5) in the copper pipe (22), to obtain the hot-fluid boundary condition identical with the grinding operating mode.
6. nano-fluid thermal characteristic measurement device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: said outside wall temperature sensor (9) has four, is evenly arranged on the outer wall of the copper pipe (22) between copper pipe (22) lower end and the long drain pipe (32).
7. nano-fluid thermal characteristic measurement device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: said fluid cross-section temperature sensor 10 has three, is evenly arranged on the radius cross section of nano-fluid (5) equal height.
8. nano-fluid thermal characteristic measurement device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: said inlet temperature sensor (12), outlet temperature sensor (3) are installed in the interior nano-fluid entrance and exit of copper pipe (22) place respectively.
9. nano-fluid thermal characteristic measurement device according to claim 5; It is characterized in that: said sensor measurement signal collector (8) links to each other with outside wall temperature sensor (9), fluid cross-section temperature sensor (10), inlet temperature sensor (12), outlet temperature sensor (3) respectively and constitutes signal acquiring system, and sensor measurement signal collector (8) is 16 channel signal acquisition analysis systems.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011202791521U CN202256213U (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2011-07-28 | Device for measuring thermal properties of nanofluid |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011202791521U CN202256213U (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2011-07-28 | Device for measuring thermal properties of nanofluid |
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| CN2011202791521U Expired - Fee Related CN202256213U (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2011-07-28 | Device for measuring thermal properties of nanofluid |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102323293A (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2012-01-18 | 青岛理工大学 | Device for measuring nano fluid heat conductivity coefficient and convection heat transfer coefficient |
| CN104458798A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-25 | 大连理工大学 | In-situ test method for high-pressure low-temperature heat conductivity coefficients and heat transfer coefficients |
-
2011
- 2011-07-28 CN CN2011202791521U patent/CN202256213U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102323293A (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2012-01-18 | 青岛理工大学 | Device for measuring nano fluid heat conductivity coefficient and convection heat transfer coefficient |
| CN102323293B (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2013-06-19 | 青岛理工大学 | Device for measuring nano fluid heat conductivity coefficient and convection heat transfer coefficient |
| CN104458798A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-25 | 大连理工大学 | In-situ test method for high-pressure low-temperature heat conductivity coefficients and heat transfer coefficients |
| CN104458798B (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2017-01-18 | 大连理工大学 | In-situ test method for high-pressure low-temperature heat conductivity coefficients and heat transfer coefficients |
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Granted publication date: 20120530 Termination date: 20120728 |