The special-purpose leveling apparatus of back axle strengthening ring postwelding
Technical field
The utility model relates to the pressure leveling apparatus, the special-purpose leveling apparatus of especially a kind of back axle strengthening ring postwelding.
Background technology
Rear axle case; Axle housing and reinforcing ring postwelding produce the gap because of welding stress deformation between axle housing and reinforcing ring, this gap has a strong impact on the back axle product quality, disorderly detain in the time of will causing the tapping of back axle screwed hole; Assembling back screw loosening, defectives such as connection place leakage of oil.For addressing this problem, all need smooth reinforcing ring at postwelding.
Existing smoothing all adopts hydraulic press to cooperate leveling head, smoothing seat to smooth; The postwelding axle housing is placed on it; Wherein reinforcing ring reaches the axle housing corresponding with reinforcing ring between leveling head and smoothing seat, produces plastic deformation through the hydraulic press pressurization and smooths.Because leveling head need place in the axle housing cydariform chamber, therefore, leveling head comprises mount pad, is installed in a plurality of pressure heads on the mount pad, each pressure head along mount pad circumferentially be uniformly distributed with and, put into along the mount pad radial expansion, ram retracts when taking out, stretch out during smoothing.
Because pressure head is flexible, the leveling head working face that is formed by each pressure head can't constitute the annular of a completion, and starts from the consideration of mount pad self intensity, and it is too much that pressure head can not be provided with, and from the consideration of pressure head self intensity, pressure head can not be too small.Therefore, existing leveling head generally includes the pressure head of two radial symmetric.Simultaneously, prior oil pressure machine frame includes two boards up and down, connects through column between two boards, such as four post hydraulic presses, therefore receives column restriction axle housing to place difficulty, and labour intensity is big, and axle housing can't rotate in the smoothing process; On the common mount pad oil cylinder piston of the leveling head bar, the hydraulic press oil cylinder can't rotate, and limited by space and assembled condition; Can only realize the rotation of leveling head through the fixed position of dismounting adjustment leveling head; Labour intensity is big, working (machining) efficiency is low, and can't guarantee the uniformity of dismounting front and back leveling head, both axialities of smoothing seat, the depth of parallelism, spacing, also promptly can't guarantee the uniformity of each sector smoothing of corresponding reinforcing ring; Form step surface, the influence sealing.Therefore, existing smoothing is not all rotated, and only two corresponding sectors of axle tube is smoothed, and cooperates big pressure head, and the corresponding central angle of the reinforcing ring that each pressure head covers is roughly 70 ° to 80 °.In addition, adopt the hydraulic press smoothing, the hydraulic press piston stroke is big, and random error is big, influences machining accuracy; Smoothing seat, leveling head spacing are big, can only guarantee through the installation accuracy of hydraulic press to smoothing seat, leveling head, and be controlled poor; Can't monitor in the use, can't in time find after smoothing seat, the leveling head slight deformation.
The utility model content
The utility model technical problem to be solved provides a kind of ability and realizes 360 ° of smoothings through rotating, and each sector smoothing high conformity of reinforcing ring; Adjustment is installed simultaneously, monitors the special-purpose leveling apparatus of back axle strengthening ring postwelding convenient and that labour intensity is low.
The utility model solves the technical scheme that its technical problem adopted: the special-purpose leveling apparatus of back axle strengthening ring postwelding; Comprise leveling head, smoothing seat, pressure mechanism, frame; Said leveling head, smoothing seat are along axle housing axis positioned opposite; Said smoothing seat, pressure mechanism all are installed on frame, drive leveling head along the axle housing axial feed by pressure mechanism; Said leveling head comprises the mount pad that links to each other with pressure mechanism, is installed at least two pressure heads on the mount pad, and said pressure head circumferentially is uniformly distributed with and along the mount pad radial expansion along mount pad; The surface that is contacted with axle housing by each pressure head constitutes the leveling head working face, a smoothing surface that contacts with axle housing constitutes a smoothing seat working face, and said smoothing seat is installed on frame top, and said pressure mechanism is installed on below the smoothing seat, and said smoothing seat is provided with through hole; Said leveling head is positioned at smoothing seat top and via through holes links to each other with pressure mechanism.
Further, a smoothing seat working face, leveling head working face, axle housing three are coaxial; Be provided with the divided rotating mechanism that driving axle housing, leveling head or smoothing seat rotate around the axle housing axis.
As a kind of preferred, said smoothing seat working face is the ring surface that is positioned at the through hole outside, is provided with and drives the divided rotating mechanism that leveling head rotates around the axle housing axis.
Further, be provided with the telescopic drive mechanism of drive ram radial expansion.
As a kind of preferred; Said flexible true driving mechanism adopts the straight line driving mechanism that axially drives along axle housing; Said mount pad is provided with the axially extending bore that holds the straight line driving mechanism axial stretching, the radial direction through hole that holds the pressure head radial expansion; The end that said pressure head and straight line driving mechanism are adjacent is provided with the inclined-plane, and said straight line driving mechanism is provided with the conical head that matches with the inclined-plane; Be provided with back-moving spring between said each pressure head or between pressure head and the mount pad.
Further, said straight line driving mechanism is a cylinder, and said mount pad and cylinder head are one-body molded, and cylinder block and cylinder cap are threaded; Be provided be fixed on the frame and with cylinder block along the axle housing guide that guiding cooperates that endwisely slips, said conical head is positioned at the cylinder piston rod top; Said pressure mechanism is through the air cylinder driven leveling head.
Further, be provided with the self adaptation syndeton between said pressure mechanism and the cylinder, said self adaptation syndeton comprises step-like push rod, is provided with connecting cylinder, the plug of inner bore of step; Said plug one end inserts in the connecting cylinder hole and with connecting cylinder and is fixedly connected, the other end is fixedly connected with pressure mechanism; The end end face that said step-like push rod external diameter is big is a sphere; And the end that step-like push rod external diameter is big is positioned at the connecting cylinder hole and forms axially bidirectionally limited fixing through plug, connecting cylinder endoporus step, and the end that step-like push rod external diameter is little is fixedly connected with cylinder block; Radially the above connecting cylinder and step-like push rod matched in clearance.
Further, be provided with and drive the motor that leveling head rotates around the axle housing axis, link to each other through gear drive between said motor and the leveling head; Said gear drive comprises the driving tooth that is installed on the motor, the coaxial driven tooth that is installed on the cylinder block, and said driving tooth and driven tooth one of them be that post tooth, both engagement height and axial formation of leveling head vertically adapt.
Further, said cylinder is a single-acting cylinder.
Further; Be provided with and cylinder body axial restraint and the sealing shroud that sways and cooperate; Said sealing shroud inner periphery is provided with the ring-type air drain that is communicated with the cylinder body pore; Be provided with sealing ring between the sealing shroud inner periphery of the axial both sides of said air drain and the cylinder body, be provided with and be fixed on the sealing shroud and the gas-tpe fitting that is communicated with air drain; Be provided with between said sealing shroud and the frame along axle housing guiding mechanism in axial sliding.
The beneficial effect of the utility model is: frame adopts unit platform mechanism, and no column, pressure mechanism, leveling head, smoothing seat all are positioned at the axle housing below, thus axle housing when placing lifting conveniently, labour intensity is low.Back axle is placed on the smoothing seat, and leveling head is stretched in the chamber by the corresponding opening of axle housing, and therefore smoothing can be carried out after the installation of accomplishing the back axle lid, and adaptability is wider.The pressure mechanism stroke is little, and working (machining) efficiency is high, and the randomness error of pressure mechanism is little, and is little to the influence of leveling head, a smoothing seat depth of parallelism, axiality, spacing, and therefore repeatability, repeatability are good, and machining accuracy is high; Smoothing seat, leveling head spacing are little, can make things convenient for the adjustment of both working face parallelism errors when mounted, monitoring, the adjustment of parallelism error during convenient the use; Through the radially measurement in gap in the through hole, can make things convenient for the adjustment of coaxiality error when mounted, monitoring, the adjustment of coaxiality error during convenient the use, so machining accuracy is high, process capability is high.Can rotate freely, smoothing seat, leveling head need not dismounting, and labour intensity is low, can accomplish 360 ° smoothing through each sector of reinforcing ring is smoothed, and the high conformity of each sector region smoothing of reinforcing ring.Further,, can further reduce labour intensity, guarantee the smoothing effect through the flexible automatically setting of automatic indexing selection, pressure head.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment one;
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing in Figure 1A zone;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of embodiment one cylinder portion.
The specific embodiment
The special-purpose leveling apparatus of the back axle strengthening ring postwelding of the utility model; Comprise leveling head 1, smoothing seat 2, pressure mechanism 9, frame 3; Said leveling head 1, smoothing seat 2 are along axle housing 4 axis positioned opposite; Said smoothing seat 2, pressure mechanism 9 all are installed on frame 3, drive leveling heads 1 along axle housing 4 axial feeds by pressure mechanism 9; Said leveling head 1 comprises the mount pad 11 that links to each other with pressure mechanism 9, is installed at least two pressure heads 12 on the mount pad 11, and said pressure head 12 circumferentially is uniformly distributed with and along mount pad 11 radial expansions along mount pad 11; The surface that is contacted with axle housing 4 by each pressure head 12 constitutes surface that leveling head working face 13, smoothing seat 2 contact with axle housing 4 and constitutes and smooth a working face 21; Said smoothing seat 2 is installed on frame 3 tops; Said pressure mechanism 9 is installed on smoothing seat 2 belows, and said smoothing seat 2 is provided with through hole 22; Said leveling head 1 is positioned at smoothing seat 2 tops and via through holes 22 links to each other with pressure mechanism 9.Above-mentioned axle housing 4 axially also is the axial of axle housing 4 reinforcing rings.
The rotation of axle housing 4 can be carried out through manual work, but in order to reduce labor intensity, and is best, and smoothing seat working face 21, a leveling head working face 13,4 threes are coaxial for axle housing; Be provided with the divided rotating mechanism that driving axle housing 4, leveling head 1 or smoothing seat 2 rotate around axle housing 4 axis.Owing to directly select axle housing 4 or big through smoothing seat 2 rotation axle housings 4 required torques; Therefore; For simplified apparatus; Make things convenient for the setting of divided rotating mechanism, said smoothing seat working face 21 is the ring surfaces that are positioned at through hole 22 outsides, is provided with to drive the divided rotating mechanism that leveling head 2 rotates around axle housing 4 axis.Divided rotating mechanism can directly drive leveling head 1, can be connected with leveling head 1 servo-actuated and the transmission mechanism that drives, can be fixed on the frame 3 then through 1 axially-movable of adaptation leveling head through transmission mechanism.
In order further to simplify the operation, to be provided with the telescopic drive mechanism of drive ram 11 radial expansions, thereby to realize stretching out automatically and withdrawing of pressure head 12.Through automatic control systems such as PLC telescopic drive mechanism, calibration selection mechanism, pressure mechanism are controlled automatically, accomplished whole smoothing automatically.Telescopic drive mechanism can adopt driving direction along mount pad 11 straight line driving mechanism radially, but can increase the hollow volume of mount pad 11, the intensity of reduction mount pad 11 this moment, and increases the complexity of mechanism.Therefore best; Said flexible true driving mechanism adopts the straight line driving mechanism that axially drives along axle housing 4; Said mount pad 11 is provided with the axially extending bore 14 that holds the straight line driving mechanism axial stretching, the radial direction through hole 15 that holds pressure head 12 radial expansions; Said pressure head 12 ends adjacent with straight line driving mechanism are provided with inclined-plane 16, and said straight line driving mechanism is provided with the conical head 61 that matches with inclined-plane 16; Be provided with back-moving spring 17 between said each pressure head 12 or between pressure head 12 and the mount pad 11.
The combining form of telescopic drive mechanism, divided rotating mechanism, pressure mechanism can be multiple, such as: one, telescopic drive mechanism and mount pad one also directly are installed on pressure mechanism, and divided rotating mechanism drives leveling head through pressure mechanism and rotates; Two, telescopic drive mechanism and mount pad one also directly are installed on divided rotating mechanism, and pressure mechanism drives leveling head through divided rotating mechanism.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further specified.
Embodiment one
Like Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3; The special-purpose leveling apparatus of back axle strengthening ring postwelding; Comprise leveling head 1, smoothing seat 2, pressure mechanism 9, frame 3, divided rotating mechanism, telescopic drive mechanism, pressure mechanism 9, divided rotating mechanism, telescopic drive mechanism all control through PLC.Wherein pressure mechanism 9 adopts hydraulic cylinder; Divided rotating mechanism adopts motor 51, for simplified structure motor 51 is hydraulic motors; For stating the sealing of sealing shroud 71 after the convenience, telescopic drive mechanism adopts cylinder 6.Frame 3 is three layers of platform structure, connects through connecting rod between each platform, and wherein smoothing seat 2 is installed on the platform at frame 3 tops, pressure texture 9 is installed on the platform of frame 3 bottoms.
In order to simplify leveling head 1 structure, increase the structural strength of leveling head 1, leveling head 1 comprises cylindrical mount pad 11, is installed in two pressure heads 12 on the mount pad 11; Two pressure heads 12 arrange along mount pad 11 radial symmetric, and for the intensity of balance working (machining) efficiency and pressure head 12, mount pad 11, cylinder body 62, the corresponding central angle of the reinforcing ring sector region that pressure head 12 covers is 45 °, and whole smoothing process leveling head 1 only need rotate four times; Mount pad 11 is provided with the axially extending bore 14 that holds cylinder 6 piston rods 64 axial stretchings, the radial direction through hole 15 that holds pressure head 12 radial expansions, and pressure head 12 is provided with inclined-plane 16 with axially extending bore 14 adjacent ends; Back-moving spring 17 is arranged on the extension spring between two pressure heads 12.
The installation of mount pad 11 for ease reaches the support strength to mount pad 11, guarantees the direction of motion of leveling head 1, and further simplified structure, and smoothing seat 2 is the circuluses that are provided with through hole 22, and said leveling head 1 is positioned at smooths seat 2 tops; Cylinder 6 is passed by through hole 22, and mount pad 11 is one-body molded with cylinder 6 cylinder caps 63, the one-body molded coaxiality error that can effectively lower both, strengthens both bonding strengths; Cylinder 6 cylinder bodies 62 are threaded with cylinder cap 63, guarantee both axialities through being threaded; Be provided with the guide 31 that is fixed on frame 3 middle deck, sleeve 31 endwisely slips to lead along axle housing 4 with cylinder 6 cylinder bodies 62 and cooperates, and has effectively guaranteed the direction of motion of cylinder 6 and leveling head 1 through the cooperation of guide 31 and cylinder body 62; Cylinder 6 piston rods 64 tops are conical head 61 one-body molded with it and that match with inclined-plane 16.
Said pressure mechanism 9 drives leveling head 1 through cylinder 6; For guaranteeing the direction of motion of leveling head 1; The coaxiality error of avoiding installing, making is to smoothing the influence of effect; Be provided with the self adaptation syndeton between pressure mechanism 9 and the cylinder 6, the self adaptation syndeton comprises step-like push rod 81, is provided with connecting cylinder 82, the plug 83 of inner bore of step; Wherein plug 83 is made up of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod that constitutes pressure mechanism 9, and this piston rod inserts in connecting cylinder 82 holes and with connecting cylinder 82 and is threaded; The end end face that step-like push rod 81 external diameters are big is a sphere; And the big end of step-like push rod 81 external diameters is positioned at connecting cylinder 82 holes and forms axially bidirectionally limited fixing through plug 83, connecting cylinder 82 endoporus steps, and the end that step-like push rod 81 external diameters are little is threaded with cylinder 6 cylinder bodies 62; Radially the above connecting cylinder 82 and step-like push rod 81 matched in clearance.Step-like push rod 81 contacts automatic aligning with plug 83 spheres, therefore can eliminate the influence of coaxiality error to cylinder 6 and leveling head 1 through connecting cylinder 82 and step-like push rod 81 gap radially; Simultaneously step-like push rod 81 connecting cylinder 82 relatively freely rotates, and the rotation of stating after effectively guaranteeing between leveling head 1 and the pressure mechanism 9 is isolated.
Motor 51 can directly drive leveling head 1, but is unfavorable for the support of leveling head 1, makes structure complicated, and in instance as shown in the figure, motor 51 is installed on the platform at frame 3 middle parts, links to each other through gear drive between said motor 51 and the leveling head 1; Said gear drive comprises the driving tooth 52 that is installed on the motor 51, the coaxial driven tooth 53 that is installed on cylinder 6 cylinder bodies 62; Increase the influence that cylinder 6 is axially formed for fear of driven tooth 53 axial heights; Said driving tooth 52 is the post tooth, and both engagement height and axial formation of leveling head 1 vertically of driving tooth 52, driven tooth 53 adapt.Except the post tooth; Can also adopt and transmission mechanisms such as the gear mechanism of axle axial sliding fit and rotary spacing, chain-wheel mechanism, but the corresponding spacing in axial sliding accurate control that causes the comparatively complicated and gap that is slidingly matched of structure to be unfavorable for rotating calibration greatly need be set.
Because cylinder 6 rotates with leveling head 1 synchronously, the pipeline of cylinder 6 can adopt flexible pipe, resets after the smoothing of leveling head 1 completion whole circumference.For further simplified structure; Reducing pipeline connects; Said cylinder 6 is single-acting cylinders, cylinder piston rod 64 and cock body 65 sockets, and cock body 64 is axially bidirectionally limited fixing through the hold-down nut 66 of the spacing ring on the piston rod 64, piston rod 64 heads; The compression spring 67 that is provided for resetting between cock body 65 and the cylinder cap 63, the pore 68 of cylinder 6 is arranged on the bottom of cock body 65 opposite side cylinder bodies 62.
Further; In order to cancel reset operation; The convenient rotation is provided with and cylinder body 62 axial restraints and the sealing shroud 71 that sways and cooperate, and said sealing shroud 71 inner peripherys are provided with the ring-type air drain 72 that is communicated with cylinder body 62 pores 68; Be provided with sealing ring 73 between sealing shroud 71 inner peripherys of said air drain 72 axial both sides and the cylinder body 62, be provided with and be fixed on the sealing shroud 71 and the gas-tpe fitting 74 that is communicated with air drain 72; Be provided with between said sealing shroud 71 and the frame 3 along axle housing 4 guiding mechanism in axial sliding.Guiding mechanism comprises the guide spiro rod 75 that is fixed on the frame 3, be fixed on the sealing shroud 71 and be provided with the guide plate 76 of the pilot hole that matches with guide spiro rod 75.
For simplified structure, above-mentioned sealing shroud 71, driven tooth 53 are all through jump ring 69 and cylinder 6 cylinder bodies 62 axial restraints.
Leveling head 1, smoothing seat 2 are along axle housing 4 axis positioned opposite; The surface that is contacted with axle housing 4 by each pressure head 12 constitutes surface that leveling head working face 13, smoothing seat 2 contact with axle housing 4 and constitutes and smooth a working face 21; A said smoothing seat working face 21 is the ring surfaces that are positioned at through hole 22 outsides, and smoothing seat working face 21, a leveling head working face 13,4 threes are coaxial for axle housing.During smoothing, comprise the steps: one, back axle is placed on the smoothing seat 2; Two, the hydraulic cylinder that constitutes pressure mechanism 9 stretches out, and leveling head 1 servo-actuated is also stretched in the chamber of back axle, and cylinder 6 piston rods 64 stretch out then, promotes pressure head 12 through conical head 61 and extends radially out along mount pad 11; Three, constitute the hydraulic cylinder withdrawal of pressure mechanism 9, act on axle housing, act on reinforcing ring, form plastic deformation through cylinder pressure through smoothing seat 2 through pressure head 12; Four, the hydraulic cylinder that constitutes pressure mechanism 9 stretches out, and drives cylinder 6 and leveling head 1 rotation 45 degree through motor 51, repeats for the 3rd step then; Five, repeated for the 4th step until the smoothing of accomplishing whole circumference; Six, cylinder 6 piston rods 34 withdrawals, pressure head 12 is radially withdrawn at back-moving spring 17 effect lower edge mount pads 11, constitutes the hydraulic cylinder withdrawal of pressure mechanism 9 then, and leveling head 1 servo-actuated is also withdrawed from the back axle cavity, takes off back axle and accomplishes whole smoothing process.