CN202057673U - Ultrasonic aerovane - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an ultrasonic aerovane. A digital-analog signal conversion device is arranged in a wind power measurement device. The digital-analog signal conversion device comprises a digital current loop output converter, a current-amplifying triode, a transient diode and a protecting diode, wherein two output range setting pins of the digital current loop output converter are respectively connected with an output selection signal; the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) cache input end of the digital current loop output converter is connected to a power supply pin of the digital current loop output converter through a current-limiting resistor; a base electrode of the current-amplifying triode is connected to a current output pin of the digital current loop output converter; and a collector electrode of the current-amplifying triode is connected to an external transistor pin of the digital current loop output converter. In a current mode, most of current is provided by the current-amplifying triode, thereby, the power consumption of the digital current loop output converter is reduced, and the current-amplifying triode is prevented from being burnt out by the protecting diode. External interference and surge are absorbed by the transient diode, thereby, the anti-interference capacity is improved, and the reliability is enhanced.

Description

The ultrasound wave anerovane

Technical field

The utility model relates to the wind direction and wind velocity monitoring instrument, is specifically related to the ultrasound wave anerovane.

Background technology

The wind direction and wind velocity monitor is the instrumentation that is used to monitor wind direction and wind velocity, can write down the wind speed and direction parameter automatically, be mainly used in fields such as engineering machinery (crane, crawler crane, gantry crane, tower crane etc.), wind-power electricity generation, photovoltaic generation, solar electrical energy generation, railway, harbour, harbour, power plant, cableway, environment, greenhouse, gardens, breed, maximum measurement range wind speed 0-40m/s, wind direction 0-360 degree.

The kind of anerovane is more, and the most frequently used is the vane wind gage, and it is mutually 120 ° of empty cups of parabolic cones that are fixed on the support by 3 and forms the sensing part, and empty glass concave surface is direction forward all.Whole sensing part is installed on the vertical rotating shaft, and under the effect of wind-force, vane rotates with the rotating speed that is proportional to wind speed around axle.Another kind of rotary anemometer is the rotary propeller type wind gage, forms the sensing part by one three leaf or four-blade propeller, with its front end that is installed in a weathervane, make it aim at any time wind come to, blade rotates with the rotating speed that is proportional to wind speed around transverse axis.

The anerovane of said structure because rotatable parts are many, is easy to generate wearing and tearing, and, in the winter time, vane or wind pendulum often since icing and stuck can not the rotation cause and can't measure.For this reason, Chinese invention patent CN101236213A discloses the method for a kind of ultrasonic wind speed instrument and utilization ultrasonic measurement wind speed and direction, four measuring arm and four ultrasonic emitting/receiving transducers are set on base, four adjacent successively one-tenth 90 degree angles of ultrasonic emitting/receiving transducer, measure the mistiming that arrives receiving end along airborne positive and negative two different directions ultrasonic waves transmitted by two pairs of relative ultrasonic emitting/receiving transducer, and the distance calculation between the binding probe goes out speed air flow.

But in use there are following problems in the ultrasonic wind speed instrument that this invention provides:

(1), since in this type of ultrasound wave anerovane electronic component numerous, therefore, the interference between the electronic component is inevitable, thus the accuracy that influence is measured, especially simulating signal output, so simulating signal is easier to be interfered.

(2), the data output unit of this ultrasonic wind speed instrument realizes the output of selecting of numeral and simulating signal by change-over switch, the reliability of instrument remains further to be improved.

The utility model content

Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to solve the antijamming capability that how to improve the ultrasonic wind speed instrument, thereby improves the problem of measurement accuracy.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the utility model adopted provides a kind of ultrasound wave anerovane, comprise base and wind-force measurement mechanism, described wind-force measurement mechanism comprises and is arranged on the Measurement and Control System in the base and is fixed on first on the base upper surface, organize ultrasonic emitting and receiving transducer for second liang, it is characterized in that, described Measurement and Control System comprises wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit and data output unit, described wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit according to ultrasound wave respectively described first, transmission time between second liang of group ultrasonic emitting and receiving transducer obtains current wind direction and wind speed and by described data output unit output, described data output unit comprises the digital signal output interface, analog signal output interface and digital-analog signal conversion equipment, described digital signal output interface is connected to the wind direction and the wind speed digital signal output interface of described wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit, described analog signal output interface comprises the electric current output interface, and described digital-analog signal conversion equipment comprises:

Digital current loop output translator, two output area is set pin and is connected the output selection signal of being exported by described wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit respectively, and its DAC buffer memory input end is connected to the power pins of this digital current loop output translator by current-limiting resistance;

Expand the stream triode, base stage is connected to the electric current output pin of described digital current loop output translator, and the external transistor that collector is connected to described digital current loop output translator connects pin;

The transient state diode, the anodal emitter that expands the stream triode, the minus earth line of connecting;

The protection diode, anodal emitter by first resistance connection expansion stream triode, negative pole is connected to the electric current output interface.

In such scheme, the negative pole of described protection diode also is connected with second resistance, described analog signal output interface also comprise the voltage output interface and, described second resistance is connected to described voltage output interface.

In such scheme, described digital-analog signal conversion equipment also comprises digital isolator, select signal and clock signal and current wind direction, the logic input pin that the wind speed digital signal inserts described digital isolator respectively by the output of described wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit output, corresponding logic output pin is connected to described digital current loop output translator respectively.

In such scheme, the control panel of described wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit is provided with 4mA-20mA, 0mA-20mA, 0mA-24mA third gear electric current output selection key and 0V-5V voltage output selection key, and described wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit is exported corresponding described output according to the selection of user on described control panel and selected signal.

In such scheme, described first, second two groups of ultrasonic emitting and receiving transducer are fixed on the described base by four supports respectively, be respectively equipped with electric heater unit in the described support, be provided with the electrical heating control module in the described Measurement and Control System, described electrical heating control module output is heated the control signal startup or is closed described electric heater unit.

In such scheme, be respectively equipped with temp probe on the described support, whether described electrical heating control module is lower than setting value according to the current environmental temperature that described temp probe obtains in real time, sends corresponding described heating control signal.

In such scheme, what described digital current loop output translator adopted is the AD420 family chip, and what described digital isolator adopted is ADUM400 four-way digital isolator.

The utility model; adopted digital current loop output translator to carry out the digital-analog signal conversion; under current-mode; most electric current provides by expanding the stream triode; reduce digital current loop output translator power consumption like this, utilized the protection diode to prevent that outside input from burning and expand the stream triode, utilized the transient state diode to absorb external disturbance and surge; significantly reduce the interference between the electronic component, improved the functional reliability of instrument.

And, the utility model can be exported digital signal and simulating signal simultaneously, when an output interface breaks down, can pass through another output interface output data, also can improve the reliability of instrument work according to user's selection output digital signal corresponding or simulating signal.

In the another kind of optimized technical scheme that the utility model provides, select signal, clock signal and current wind direction, wind speed digital signal to be connected to digital current loop output translator by digital isolator respectively by the output of wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit output, central processing unit and output unit are isolated, further improved the antijamming capability of circuit.

In the another kind of optimized technical scheme that the utility model provides, control panel is provided with 4mA-20mA, 0mA-20mA, 0mA-24mA third gear electric current output selection key and 0V-5V voltage output selection key, the user can select corresponding output signal easily, has improved the dirigibility of instrument application.

Description of drawings

The ultrasound wave anerovane structural representation that Fig. 1 provides for the utility model;

The ultrasound wave anerovane control circuit board theory diagram that Fig. 2 provides for the utility model;

The ultrasound wave anerovane output unit circuit diagram that Fig. 3 provides for the utility model;

Fig. 4 is the utility model ultrasound wave wind direction, wind speed test schematic diagram calculation.

Embodiment

A kind of ultrasound wave anerovane that the utility model provides; mainly Measurement and Control System has been carried out improving design; improve the antijamming capability of instrument, increased safeguard measure simultaneously, improved the accuracy and the functional reliability of ultrasonic wind speed instrument measurement result.Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment the utility model is made detailed explanation, so that those skilled in the art understand better.

The ultrasound wave anerovane structural representation that Fig. 1 provides for the utility model, as shown in the figure, the ultrasound wave anerovane that the utility model provides comprises base 1 and wind-force measurement mechanism 2.

The wind-force measurement mechanism comprises Measurement and Control System and first, second the two groups of ultrasonic probes that are arranged in the base 1, first ultrasonic probe comprises ultrasonic emitting probe 21 and the ultrasound wave receiving transducer 23 that is oppositely arranged, second ultrasonic probe comprises ultrasonic emitting probe 22 and the ultrasound wave receiving transducer 24 that is oppositely arranged, four ultrasonic probes 21,22,23,24 space 90 degree in same plane are arranged, and be fixed on the base 1 (support 3 its four) by a support 3 respectively, be respectively equipped with electric heater unit in the support 3.

As shown in Figure 2, Measurement and Control System comprises wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit, electrical heating control module and data output unit, be respectively equipped with temp probe on the support 3, whether the electrical heating control module is lower than setting value according to the current environmental temperature that temp probe obtains in real time, send corresponding heating control signal, when environment temperature is lower than 10 when spending, each electric heater unit is started working and is maintained 20 degree.Because each electric heater unit in the utility model has been realized automatic control respectively, one has saved manually-operated trouble, has saved cost; Two can in time close corresponding electric heater unit, and the energy avoids waste.

The utility model has utilized ultrasonic measurement wind direction and wind speed, its principle is: utilize two pairs of ultrasonic emitting that are oppositely arranged and receiving transducer, the utilization time difference method is measured the time difference that arrives receiving end along airborne positive and negative two different directions ultrasonic waves transmitted, calculate the ultrasonic propagation velocity of this both direction, obtain the size and Orientation of wind speed again according to superposition principle.

Calculate principle as shown in Figure 4:

If the distance between ultrasonic emitting and the receiving transducer (N, S, E, W) is respectively L _NSAnd L _WE, the aerial velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave is C, speed is that the wind of V blows from become the angle of θ with direct north, then has:

$T_{\mathrm{EW}}=\frac{L_{\mathrm{WE}}}{C-V_{\mathrm{EW}}}---\left(1\right)$

$T_{\mathrm{WE}}=\frac{L_{\mathrm{WE}}}{C+V_{\mathrm{WE}}}---\left(2\right)$

Can get by last (1), (2):

$V_{\mathrm{EW}}=\frac{L_{\mathrm{WE}}}{2}(\frac{1}{T_{\mathrm{EW}}}-\frac{1}{T_{\mathrm{WE}}})---\left(3\right)$

$C=\frac{L_{\mathrm{WE}}}{2}(\frac{1}{T_{\mathrm{EW}}}+\frac{1}{T_{\mathrm{WE}}})---\left(4\right)$

In like manner can obtain:

$V_{\mathrm{NS}}=\frac{L_{\mathrm{NS}}}{2}(\frac{1}{T_{\mathrm{NS}}}-\frac{1}{T_{\mathrm{SN}}})---\left(5\right)$

Calculate V _EWAnd V _NSThen have:

$V=\sqrt{{V_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="EW"\; filenames="HSA00000510275600011.png,HSA00000510275600031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">EW</figure-callout>}}}^2+{V_{\mathrm{NS}}}^2}---\left(6\right)$

$\mathrm{\&theta;}=\mathrm{ARC}\left(\tan \frac{V_{\mathrm{EW}}}{V_{\mathrm{NS}}}\right)---\left(7\right)$

T _EW, T _WE, T _NS, T _SNCan measure L _NSAnd L _WEBe fixed value, just can with obtain wind speed (V), wind direction (θ) and the velocity of sound (C)

Wherein:

T _EWUltrasound wave propagates into time of TFW, the s of unit (second) from TFE;

T _WEUltrasound wave propagates into time of TFE, the s of unit from TFW;

T _NSUltrasound wave propagates into time of TFS, the s of unit from TFN;

T _SNUltrasound wave propagates into time of TFN, the s of unit from TFS;

Distance between the L ultrasonic probe, the m of unit (rice);

V _EWWind is along the speed of EW, the m/s of unit (meter per second);

V _NSWind is along the speed of NS, the m/s of unit;

The V wind speed, the m/s of unit;

The angle of θ wind speed and direct north, unit degree;

The C velocity of sound, the m/s of unit.

By top calculating principle as can be known:, just can measure wind speed and direction at that time exactly as long as accurately measure the transmission time of ultrasound wave between first, second two groups of ultrasonic probes.The utility model selection work frequency is the ultrasonic probe of 200KHz, and this probe both can be used as emission and also can be used as reception, has solved the difficulty of wanting discrete installation ultrasonic emitting and receiving transducer.

The frequency of operation of ultrasonic probe is 200KHz, and the cycle is 5us, and the theoretical ultimate resolution that can draw the wind speed of surveying of the anerovane that the utility model provides thus is:

$\mathrm{\&Delta;T}=\frac{L_{\mathrm{WE}}}{C-\mathrm{\&Delta;V}}-\frac{L_{\mathrm{WE}}}{C+\mathrm{\&Delta;V}}---\left(8\right)$

$\mathrm{\&Delta;V}=\frac{\sqrt{{\left(\frac{2L_{\mathrm{WE}}}{\mathrm{\&Delta;T}}\right)}^2+4C^2}-\frac{2L_{\mathrm{WE}}}{\mathrm{\&Delta;T}}}{2}---\left(9\right)$

If: L _WE=0.2m, C=340m/s, substitution formula (9): V=0.02m/s, promptly the ultimate resolution of wind speed that the utility model is surveyed is 0.02m/s.

Based on above-mentioned principle, the wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit comprises ultrasonic emitting module, ultrasound wave receiver module, central processing unit, control panel and data output unit in the utility model.

16 single-chip microcomputer MSP430F5418IPM of low-power consumption that central processing unit selects for use TI company to produce, its internal counter TB1 is operated in the PWM pattern, export complementary two-way square wave respectively, and boost and be 200V through high-frequency transformer, driving the ultrasonic emitting module produces ultrasonic signal and pops one's head in 21 by ultrasonic emitting respectively, 23 send, under the control of ultrasound wave receiver module, ultrasonic emitting probe 21, the ultrasound wave receiving transducer that 23 ultrasound waves that send are oppositely arranged with it respectively receives, the ultrasonic signal that receives, after amplification and filtering, be shaped to square-wave signal.The internal counter TA0 of central processing unit is operated in acquisition mode, send hyperacoustic while enabling counting device TA0, stop TA0 after receiving the received signal after the shaping, and write down this time interval TA, frequency according to counter TA0 just can calculate the travel-time of ultrasound wave between two probes again, and then calculates current wind speed (V) and wind direction (θ) according to above-mentioned formula.

The data output unit comprises digital signal output interface, analog signal output interface and digital-analog signal conversion equipment, analog signal output interface comprises electric current output interface and voltage output interface, according to the selection of user on control panel, the data output unit is exported current wind direction and wind speed with numeral or analog signal form.Because the utility model can provide digital output signal and analog output signal simultaneously, therefore, has improved the functional reliability of instrument greatly.

The circuit diagram of digital-analog signal conversion equipment comprises digital current loop output translator U302, expands stream triode Q301, transient state diode D301 and protection diode D302 as shown in Figure 3.The AD420 family chip that digital current loop output translator adopts ADI company to produce; two output area is set pin RS1; RS2 connects the output selection signal by central processing unit output respectively; its DAC buffer memory input end LATCH is connected to the power pins VCC of this digital current loop output translator U302 by current-limiting resistance R301; the base stage that expands stream triode Q301 is connected to the electric current output pin IOUT of digital current loop output translator U302; the external transistor that collector is connected to digital current loop output translator U302 connects pin BOOST; the positive pole of transient state diode D301 connects the emitter that expands stream triode Q301; the minus earth line; the positive pole of protection diode D302 connects the emitter that expands stream triode Q301 by first resistance R 303, and negative pole is connected to the electric current output interface.The negative pole of protection diode D302 also is connected with second resistance R, 304, the second resistance R 304 and is connected to the voltage output interface.Under current-mode, most electric current provides by expanding stream triode Q301, has reduced the power consumption of digital current loop output translator U302 like this, make that it can be stable be operated in-40-+85 degree centigrade between.Protection diode D302 can prevent that outside input from burning and expand stream triode Q301 that transient state diode D301 plays the effect that absorbs external disturbance and surge.

In order to reduce the interference of signal, also be provided with digital isolator in the wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit, in the present embodiment, what digital isolator adopted is ADUM400 four-way digital isolator, also can select the ADuM1400/1/2 of ADI company etc. for use, output selects signal, clock signal and numerical data output signal to insert the logic input pin of described digital isolator respectively, and corresponding logic output pin is connected to described digital current loop output translator respectively.By digital isolator, central processing unit and output unit are isolated, improved the antijamming capability of circuit.

Control panel is provided with 4mA-20mA, 0mA-20mA, 0mA-24mA third gear electric current output selection key and 0V-5V voltage output selection key, central processing unit is selected signal RS1 and RS2, the pairing way of output of RS1 and RS2 such as following table according to user's the corresponding output of selection output:

RS2	RS1	The way of output
			L	L	0-5V
L	H	4-20mA
			H	L	0-20mA
H	H	0-24mA

The utility model, the user can select voltage output or electric current output as required easily, has increased the dirigibility of instrument.

The utility model is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms, and anyone should learn the structural change of making under enlightenment of the present utility model, every with the utlity model has identical or close technical scheme, all fall within the protection domain of the present utility model.

Claims (7)

1. ultrasound wave anerovane, comprise base and wind-force measurement mechanism, described wind-force measurement mechanism comprises and is arranged on the Measurement and Control System in the base and is fixed on first on the base upper surface, organize ultrasonic emitting and receiving transducer for second liang, it is characterized in that, described Measurement and Control System comprises wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit and data output unit, described wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit according to ultrasound wave respectively described first, transmission time between second liang of group ultrasonic emitting and receiving transducer obtains current wind direction and wind speed digital signal and by described data output unit output, described data output unit comprises the digital signal output interface, analog signal output interface and digital-analog signal conversion equipment, described digital signal output interface is connected to the wind direction and the wind speed digital signal output interface of described wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit, described analog signal output interface comprises the electric current output interface, and described digital-analog signal conversion equipment comprises:

Digital current loop output translator, two output area is set pin and is connected the output selection signal of being exported by described wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit respectively, and its DAC buffer memory input end is connected to the power pins of this digital current loop output translator by current-limiting resistance;

Expand the stream triode, base stage is connected to the electric current output pin of described digital current loop output translator, and the external transistor that collector is connected to described digital current loop output translator connects pin;

The transient state diode, the anodal emitter that expands the stream triode, the minus earth line of connecting;

The protection diode, anodal emitter by first resistance connection expansion stream triode, negative pole is connected to the electric current output interface.

2. ultrasound wave anerovane as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; the negative pole of described protection diode also is connected with second resistance, described analog signal output interface also comprise the voltage output interface and, described second resistance is connected to described voltage output interface.

3. ultrasound wave anerovane as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described digital-analog signal conversion equipment also comprises digital isolator, select signal and clock signal and current wind direction, the logic input pin that the wind speed digital signal inserts described digital isolator respectively by the output of described wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit output, corresponding logic output pin is connected to described digital current loop output translator respectively.

4. ultrasound wave anerovane as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the control panel of described wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit is provided with 4mA-20mA, 0mA-20mA, 0mA-24mA third gear electric current output selection key and 0V-5V voltage output selection key, and described wind direction and wind velocity measuring unit is exported corresponding described output according to the selection of user on described control panel and selected signal.

5. ultrasound wave anerovane as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described first, second two groups of ultrasonic emitting and receiving transducer are fixed on the described base by four supports respectively, be respectively equipped with electric heater unit in the described support, be provided with the electrical heating control module in the described Measurement and Control System, described electrical heating control module output is heated the control signal startup or is closed described electric heater unit.

6. ultrasound wave anerovane as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, be respectively equipped with temp probe on the described support, whether described electrical heating control module is lower than setting value according to the current environmental temperature that described temp probe obtains in real time, sends corresponding described heating control signal.

7. ultrasound wave anerovane as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, what described digital current loop output translator adopted is the AD420 family chip, and what described digital isolator adopted is ADUM400 four-way digital isolator.

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