CN201955182U - Fiber grating testing device for testing three dimensional stress states of rocks - Google Patents
Fiber grating testing device for testing three dimensional stress states of rocks Download PDFInfo
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- CN201955182U CN201955182U CN2011200557657U CN201120055765U CN201955182U CN 201955182 U CN201955182 U CN 201955182U CN 2011200557657 U CN2011200557657 U CN 2011200557657U CN 201120055765 U CN201120055765 U CN 201120055765U CN 201955182 U CN201955182 U CN 201955182U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a fiber grating testing device for testing three dimensional stress states of rocks, which comprises a data processing module and a base body, wherein the data processing module is formed by a fiber grating network demodulator and a computer; the base body is formed by three fiber grating sensors, is used for installing the fiber grating sensors and can deform with the deformation of the rocks; the three fiber grating sensors are respectively fixed in the three dimensional directions on the surface of the base body; and the signal output ends of the three fiber grating sensors are connected with the signal input end of the fiber grating network demodulator. The fiber grating testing device can measure the deformation quantity of micro-strain stages, thus being capable of making timely response before the rocks are damaged, and realizing the high-precision measurement of the three dimensional stress in the rocks, so that the fiber grating testing device can realize the long-term and efficient monitoring for the rock masses of large projects, and is more beneficial to the prevention of disasters.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the rock stress field tests, relate in particular to a kind of proving installation of rock triaxiality state.
Background technology
China is one of country of taking place frequently of disaster in the world, and disasters such as coal mining accident, rubble flow and landslide frequently take place, and the economic loss that causes is difficult to estimate.And many serious serious accidents is owing to rock mass stress state and inherent vice are not understood institute cause.The timely sign of mechanical signal in rock of identification from the microcosmic to the macroscopic view, and sent early warning before the destruction of danger is arrived become one of 9 key mechanics problems that the mechanics science reveals at china in new century development convexity.Under external load function, the final destruction that the germinating of defective in the rock, the process of growing up, expanding and converge have caused rock, so the deformation failure of rock is a process that damage is developed.And rock interior stress state, the particularly initial stress are played crucial effects by the change meeting of triaxiality state after being broken to crack initiation, expansion and the extension of crackle.Therefore, in time grasping rock triaxiality status information by monitoring means, obtain the fracturing mechanism of crack propagation, is one of effective means that reduces that disaster takes place.
At present, the damage of rock mechanics detection method of generation, development and destruction that is directed to rock crackle forming is a lot, as optical detection, CT, acoustic-emission, electromagnetic radiation and infrared detection etc., but these methods can only detect the expansion and the evolution of rock crackle forming, are difficult to realize the test of rock interior triaxiality under the external load function.Promptly, little to the detection progress of rock interior stress state than fracturing mechanism detection method, particularly be directed to long-term, the effectively detection of heavy construction rock mass interior three-dimensional stress state.
For now, to rock interior triaxiality status detection mainly by the detection method of original terrestrial stress, as hydraulic fracturing.So-called hydraulic fracturing is meant by rock interior being punched and injecting a kind of method that water under high pressure makes the method test rock interior stress of rock burst, in essence, hydraulic fracturing is a kind of two-dimensional stress measuring method, if will determine a 3-D stree field to beat to be intersected in three borings that are not parallel to each other of measuring point, this almost is impossible, and measurement result is subjected to original joint crack in the rock and people's the factor affecting of experience very big.The test of internal stress state has the difference of essence under the test of original terrestrial stress and the external load function: the former just measures the initial stress under the no external disturbance, there is not the situation that stress state changes and stand under load destroys, the change of the stress state under the latter then mainly tests under the ectocine as adopts, stress distribution law etc., the stress information dynamic change, and follow the distortion of rock under the external load function and break.
The stress relieving rule is that development time is longer, comparatively ripe in theory a kind of measuring method.Measure in the various instruments that use in stress relieving, the hollow inclusion strainometer is to be used maximum a kind of instruments.The chief component of hollow inclusion strainometer is a hollow cylinder of being made by steel, copper platform gold or other hard metal material, there is a pressure sensor at heart position therein, at first play a boring during measurement at measuring point, then this cylinder is squeezed in the boring, maintenance closely contacts so that cylinder is with the wall of a borehole, just as being welded on the hole wall.Theoretical analysis shows, be arranged in the rigidity inclusion of a unlimited body, when the stress in the surrounding rock body changes, in the rigidity inclusion, can produce an equally distributed stress field, there is certain proportionate relationship between the size of this stress field and the STRESS VARIATION in the rock mass.The directions X that is located in the rock mass has a STRESS VARIATION
, the directions X in hollow inclusion can produce stress so
, shown in the following formula:
In the above-mentioned formula,
,
Be respectively the elastic modulus of rock mass and rigidity inclusion;
,
Be respectively the Poisson ratio of rock mass and rigidity inclusion.The sensor that this instrument uses still is traditional foil gauge, there are relatively poor shortcomings such as anti-interference, permanance and long-time stability, be easy to be subjected to ectocine and lost efficacy, be difficult to adapt to the requirement of modern project monitoring, therefore, measurement is very unpractical to dynamic stress information by the method for testing of terrestrial stress, need constantly seek to be fit to new test philosophy and the method that Complete Stress-Strain Relationship of Rock detects.
Fiber grating has been the emerging in the world passive sensitive element of reflection filter a kind of extensive application prospect, function admirable since the nineties in 20th century, responds to extraneous small strain by moving of Bragg optical grating reflection wavelength and changes and realize the structure on-line measurement.This technology is used widely in a plurality of fields such as Aero-Space, compound substance, concrete structure engineering, power engineering and medical science.Both at home and abroad relevant for fiber grating is combined with the anchor pole technology, form the relevant report of sensing testing anchor pole test rock mass internal modification, or the method that adopts the surface to paste is pasted on strain or the stress test that loading procedure is carried out on the rock sample surface with fiber grating.But no matter adopt which kind of method, because the axial sensitivity characteristic of fiber grating does not all realize the test of triaxiality.
Summary of the invention
The proving installation that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of rock triaxiality state can be made in time accurate response before rock mass damage, reduce the generation of disaster.
The present invention adopts following technical proposals: a kind of fiber grating proving installation of rock triaxiality state, comprise the data processing module that constitutes by fiber grating network demodulation instrument and computing machine, the signal output part of fiber grating network demodulation instrument is connected with the signal input part of computing machine, also comprise the optical fiber grating sensing structure, the optical fiber grating sensing structure is by three fiber-optic grating sensors and the matrix that is used to install fiber-optic grating sensor, described matrix can produce deformation with the deformation of rock, and described three fiber-optic grating sensors are separately fixed on the three-dimensional of matrix surface; The signal output part of described three fiber-optic grating sensors all is connected with the signal input part of fiber grating network demodulation instrument.
Described matrix is the cube module, and three fiber-optic grating sensors are separately fixed on the three-dimensional of three adjacently situated surfaces of cube module.
Described matrix is the right cylinder module, and three fiber-optic grating sensors are separately fixed on the three-dimensional on the face of cylinder of right cylinder module.
Described matrix is a triangular pyramid phantom piece, and three fiber-optic grating sensors are separately fixed on the three-dimensional of three adjacently situated surfaces of triangular pyramid phantom piece.
Described matrix is a concrete modular.
The present invention is fixed on three fiber-optic grating sensors and forms the triaxiality test structure on the matrix, overcome fiber grating only to the shortcoming of folk prescription to stress sensitive, realizing the test process of rock mass interior three-dimensional stress field, this obtains significant for adopting collapse the fall information of preceding Micromechanics behavior of rock mass internal stress Changing Pattern and rock stratum down.Wherein fiber-optic grating sensor has high measuring accuracy, also have a plurality of advantages such as anti-extraneous radiation, anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), can measure the deflection of microstrain level, therefore can before rock mass damage, make response timely, can realize the high-acruracy survey of rock interior triaxiality, realize long-term, the effectively monitoring of heavy construction rock mass thus, more help the prevention of disaster, reduce the generation of disaster.The present invention also explores rock deformation mechanism for people, realizes new mine safety monitoring and prediction technology and reduce disaster that the deformation instability owing to rock mass causes etc. significant.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of cube optical fiber grating sensing structure among the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic block circuit diagram of data processing module among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of right cylinder optical fiber grating sensing structure of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of triangular cone optical fiber grating sensing structure among the present invention.
Embodiment
As Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, the fiber grating proving installation of a kind of rock triaxiality of the present invention state comprises the data processing module that fiber grating network demodulation instrument and computing machine constitute, also has the optical fiber grating sensing structure, wherein the optical fiber grating sensing structure is by three fiber- optic grating sensors 21,22,23 and be used to install three fiber- optic grating sensors 21,22,23 matrix constitutes, matrix is 1, three fiber-optic grating sensor 21 of cube module in the present embodiment, 22,23 adopt high-intensity epoxide-resin glue to stick on the three-dimensional of three adjacently situated surfaces of cube module 1 respectively; The signal output part of three fiber- optic grating sensors 21,22,23 all is connected with the signal input part of fiber grating network demodulation instrument, and the signal output part of fiber grating network demodulation instrument is connected with the signal input part of computing machine by data line.The data processing module that described fiber grating network demodulation instrument and computing machine constitute is a prior art, and wherein fiber grating network demodulation instrument comprises photoelectric conversion module, data acquisition module, wavelength computing module and data analysis module.Cube module 1 described in the present embodiment is a concrete modular, concrete modular is that the ratio of 1:1.5:1 mixes by cement, silica sand, water in mass ratio, according to material compatible deformation theory, the two mechanical characteristic similarity degree height of concrete modular and rock, realize the compatible deformation of material easily, realize high precision measurement; In addition, cube module 1 also can be made of other material, for example high strength composite, glass fibre etc.
As shown in Figure 3, the matrix among the present invention also can be right cylinder 3; Three fiber- optic grating sensors 21,22,23 are separately fixed on the three-dimensional on the face of cylinder of right cylinder 3; As shown in Figure 4, the matrix among the present invention also can be triangular cone 4; Three fiber- optic grating sensors 21,22,23 are separately fixed on the three-dimensional of three adjacently situated surfaces of triangular cone 4, respectively the triaxiality of rock are measured.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, when the present invention tests rock, the optical fiber grating sensing structure is implanted rock interior, adopt the concrete sealing of hole, itself and sealing of hole concrete and rock are become one with fixed fiber grating sensing structure by the method for punching.Mode by external load changes rock triaxiality state again, and the variation of axial strain takes place three fiber- optic grating sensors 21,22,23, obtains the change procedure of triaxiality again by generalized Hooke law.Specifically, suppose that three fiber- optic grating sensors 21,22,23 are respectively
F x ,
F y And
F z , then
F X- Axle is parallel to the axle with x, so it is only to being parallel to the axial stress sensitive of x, in like manner,
F y With
F z Only to being parallel to the stress sensitive of y axle, z axle.When being subjected to triaxiality simultaneously, fiber- optic grating sensor 21,22,23 does the time spent,
F x ,
F y And
F z Experience the stress of x axle, y axle, three directions of z axle respectively, produce respectively strain along three directions
, 
And
, its big I tests out by the fiber- optic grating sensor 21,22,23 that is parallel to coordinate respectively.Fiber grating network demodulation instrument sends the light that light signal satisfies conditioned reflex to the fiber-optic grating sensor and is reflected, reflected light returns optical fiber raster grid (FBG) demodulator and is processed into electric signal, again through data acquisition module, wavelength computing module and data analysis module, being transferred to computing machine shows, can obtain the change information of reflection wavelength by this process, obtain the strain variation of three fiber- optic grating sensors 21,22,23 again by data processing, can obtain the Changing Pattern of triaxiality via the conversion of generalized Hooke law.When the scale model internal modification is tested, in the process that model is mated formation, optical fiber grating structure is imbedded, recovery process is carried out stress monitoring.If when adopting Fig. 3 or optical fiber grating sensing structure shown in Figure 4, principle of work is identical with cube optical fiber grating sensing structure, in computation process, needs obtain by the mechanics conversion triaxiality of rock.Hence one can see that, and the present invention can make timely accurately response before rock mass damage, reduce the generation of disaster.
Claims (5)
1. the fiber grating proving installation of a rock triaxiality state, comprise the data processing module that constitutes by fiber grating network demodulation instrument and computing machine, the signal output part of fiber grating network demodulation instrument is connected with the signal input part of computing machine, it is characterized in that: also comprise the optical fiber grating sensing structure, the optical fiber grating sensing structure is by three fiber-optic grating sensors and the matrix that is used to install fiber-optic grating sensor, described matrix can produce deformation with the deformation of rock, and described three fiber-optic grating sensors are separately fixed on the three-dimensional of matrix surface; The signal output part of described three fiber-optic grating sensors all is connected with the signal input part of fiber grating network demodulation instrument.
2. the fiber grating proving installation of rock triaxiality state according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described matrix is the cube module, and three fiber-optic grating sensors are separately fixed on the three-dimensional of three adjacently situated surfaces of cube module.
3. the fiber grating proving installation of rock triaxiality state according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described matrix is the right cylinder module, and three fiber-optic grating sensors are separately fixed on the three-dimensional on the face of cylinder of right cylinder module.
4. the fiber grating proving installation of rock triaxiality state according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described matrix is a triangular pyramid phantom piece, and three fiber-optic grating sensors are separately fixed on the three-dimensional of three adjacently situated surfaces of triangular pyramid phantom piece.
5. according to the fiber grating proving installation of claim 2 or 3 or 4 described rock triaxiality states, it is characterized in that: described matrix is a concrete modular.
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| CN2011200557657U CN201955182U (en) | 2011-03-05 | 2011-03-05 | Fiber grating testing device for testing three dimensional stress states of rocks |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102175366A (en) * | 2011-03-05 | 2011-09-07 | 河南理工大学 | Fiber bragg grating (FBG) testing device and testing method for rock three-dimensional stress state |
| CN109029804A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-18 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of fiber-optic grating sensor and tire three-dimensional force measuring device |
| CN112240813A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-19 | 中国平煤神马能源化工集团有限责任公司 | Vibrating string type three-dimensional stress sensor for deep hole ground stress measurement |
-
2011
- 2011-03-05 CN CN2011200557657U patent/CN201955182U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102175366A (en) * | 2011-03-05 | 2011-09-07 | 河南理工大学 | Fiber bragg grating (FBG) testing device and testing method for rock three-dimensional stress state |
| CN109029804A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-18 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of fiber-optic grating sensor and tire three-dimensional force measuring device |
| CN109029804B (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-05-01 | 武汉科技大学 | Fiber grating sensor and tire three-dimensional force measuring device |
| CN112240813A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-19 | 中国平煤神马能源化工集团有限责任公司 | Vibrating string type three-dimensional stress sensor for deep hole ground stress measurement |
| CN112240813B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-11-30 | 中国平煤神马能源化工集团有限责任公司 | Vibrating string type three-dimensional stress sensor for deep hole ground stress measurement |
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Granted publication date: 20110831 Termination date: 20140305 |