CN201924830U - Double-tube directional continuous coring and inclination tool with outer inclination and inner drilling - Google Patents
Double-tube directional continuous coring and inclination tool with outer inclination and inner drilling Download PDFInfo
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- CN201924830U CN201924830U CN 201120022112 CN201120022112U CN201924830U CN 201924830 U CN201924830 U CN 201924830U CN 201120022112 CN201120022112 CN 201120022112 CN 201120022112 U CN201120022112 U CN 201120022112U CN 201924830 U CN201924830 U CN 201924830U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a double-tube directional continuous coring and inclination tool with outer inclination and inner drilling and an inclination method thereof, which belong to the field of directional continuous coring and inclination. In the drilling of directional downhole inclination stage, one group of drill set which is specially used for directional continuous coring and inclination drilling is adopted, and a coring drill in an inner tube carries out directional continuous coring and inclination drilling through the directional inclination of an outer tube. The technical problem that the existing domestic directional drilling and inclination technology cannot realize coring is preferably solved. Practical equipment and inclination method are provided to hydropower surveying engineering for carrying out directional drilling and realizing full-hole coring, and meanwhile, a reference is provided to China other industries which require directional continuous coring and inclination drilling.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to directed continous sampling deflecting field, and be specially in a kind of two-tube outer leading and bore directed continous sampling deflecting facility, mainly be the directional drilling continous sampling deflecting that is applicable to the water power surveying engineering.
Background technology
The directional drilling technology is used widely in industries such as China's oil, coal, Di Kuang, municipal administrations.Directional drilling is exactly according to certain purpose requirement, a technology of creeping into along planned course.The directional drilling technique functions came from for 20 beginnings of the century.Along with the application of international drilling well three big technology (MWD drilling measuring technology, efficient PDC drill bit, long-life stearable assemly), the directional drilling technology has obtained develop rapidly.China explores industry directional drilling technology widespread usage at oil, coal, Di Kuang, metallurgy etc.And China's water power exploration industry directional drilling is not carried out application so far as yet because of being subjected to the restriction of " continous sampling deflecting " technical bottleneck.Use blankly for filling up China water power exploration directional drilling technology, directional drilling technology in 2007 is listed in Chinese water power Consultant Group Co., Ltd emphasis scientific and technological development project, and is born by Central-South survey and design academy.
Directional drilling deflecting technology mainly adopts machinery whipstock deflecting, the continuous deflecting of helicoid hydraulic motor etc. continuously at present, but all these deflecting technologies all can not be carried out the continous sampling deflecting at present.Water power exploration boring takes requirement very high to rock core, and requires the continuous boring and coring in necessary full hole.For this reason, as the water power surveying engineering using directed drilling technology of holing, " continous sampling deflecting " technology of solution should be a key point.
The accuracy of directional drilling guiding depends primarily on the orientation method and the precision of deflecting facility in the hole.At present the orientation of deflecting facility is mainly finished by calculating by high-precision measuring apparatus in China directional drilling hole, its complex operation and often being forbidden because of the instrumental azimuth trueness error causes the location.Because the directional drilling axis line track is generally space curve type, bearing compression in the directional drilling process in the drilling rod hole, reversing and complicated load such as bending.Undoubtedly, directional drilling is had higher requirement to drilling rod and joint pipe performance (flexibility and intensity), machining accuracy, surfacing etc.
The utility model content
At existing directional drilling deflecting facility is not the technical barrier that can realize the continous sampling deflecting, the utility model aims to provide in a kind of two-tube outer leading and bores directed continous sampling deflecting facility, can utilize these deflecting facility in the directional drilling inclination section creeps into, outer tube is used for guiding, the interior effective core of getting, lead by the outer tube orientation and tiltedly to realize carrying out directed continous sampling deflecting and creep into, can solve the technical barrier that present directional drilling deflecting technology can not continous sampling preferably.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the utility model adopted is: bore directed continous sampling deflecting facility in described two-tube outer the leading, be characterized in, comprise outer tube, connect the guiding shoe under this outer tube; Be set with interior pipe in the described outer tube, connect hydraulic pressure finder in the hole under the pipe in this, the lower end of hydraulic pressure finder is connected by the upper end of a transition joint with a flexible connector in this hole; Hydraulic pressure finder upper end links to each other with the water flowing joint of a hollow in the described hole, and this water flowing joint other end links to each other with a drilling rod; Described flexible connector lower end links to each other with a male joint, and this male joint lower end links to each other with a basket, and the lower end of this basket and a diamond bit link together;
The structure of hydraulic pressure finder is in the described hole, linked to each other by a water flowing chuck between described water flowing joint and the transition joint, this water flowing chuck inner chamber is provided with that cavity that hydraulic pressure size according to water flowing joint cavity makes the cavity of water flowing joint and transition joint is communicated with or the closing device of path blockade;
The structure of described elasticity tool joint is that the lower end of described transition joint connects a protruding terminal pad; The upper end of described male joint connects a recessed terminal pad; Be connected by high-strength rubber pad between this protruding terminal pad and the recessed terminal pad, and the end face towards recessed terminal pad of this protruding terminal pad outwards protrudes, the end face towards protruding terminal pad of this recessed terminal pad is inwardly recessed, and both protrude with recessed degree and are complementary; This protruding terminal pad and recessed terminal pad are by one group of high-strength bolt and high-strength nut check.
Further, the structure of described closing device is, described water flowing joint and inboard, described water flowing chuck junction are provided with a stop collar, this stop collar is thin neck axle towards water flowing chuck one end, the eccentric hammer that can rotate relative to this thin neck axle is housed on the thin neck axle of this stop collar, be connected with weight pin in the eccentric end of this eccentric hammer, described water flowing chuck inwall is provided with the spacing hole that matches and be connected with described weight pin during greater than certain pressure value P when hydraulic pressure in the water flowing joint, the thin neck axle head of described stop collar links to each other with a water flowing piston, on the piston rod of this water flowing piston spring is housed; The cavity that described water flowing chuck inboard has the cavity of water flowing joint when hydraulic pressure is not less than certain pressure value P in the water flowing joint and transition joint is communicated with, the limbers of path blockade between the cavity of the cavity of the water flowing joint during less than certain pressure value P of hydraulic pressure in the water flowing joint and transition joint.
Described elasticity tool joint is made by the 40CrMnMo alloy steel, and it is carried out strict heat treatment.
In order to make flexible connector can realize under the elastic deformation condition that safe and effective transmission creeps into moment of torsion and drilling pressure, described high-strength bolt adopts 9.8 grades of high-strength bolts.
Put in place for the ease of Fast Installation, be provided with positioning spline between hydraulic pressure finder and the outer tube in the described hole.
Further, promote stop collar for the ease of water in the water flowing joint and move, described stop collar is a cavity towards an end of water flowing joint, and the size of described pressure value P is the water pressure when water promotion stop collar moves to right in weight pin inserts spacing hole in the water flowing joint.
Described drilling rod is preferably the high-strength elastic geologic drilling rod.
Adopt the aforesaid two-tube outer directed continous sampling deflecting facility of interior brill of leading to carry out deflecting, mainly comprise the steps:
A, lead oblique parameter and select; According to the requirement of directional drilling planned course, calculate and determine to lead oblique angle and selected guiding boots pipe; Carry out in the hole hydraulic pressure finder surface water compression set to test, calculate by drilling water level and determine hydraulic pressure finder work water pressure parameter in the hole;
The directed continous sampling deflecting facility of brill are lowered to and are in place in b, two-tube outer the leading;
Lead oblique orientation in c, the hole; By the requirement of shaping-orientation azimuth, the azimuth of the boots pipe that leads by hydraulic pressure finder mensuration in the hole and at the bottom of adjusting the hole; The aperture is outer tube steering drilling tool group fixedly;
D, creep into and get core; Pipe and measurement are calculated and are in place in transferring, and jointed rod carries out directed continous sampling deflecting and creeps into;
Pipe in e, the proposition; Core in the take-off pipe, vanning is numbered, is taken pictures on request;
F, directed reaming; Be lowered to the borehole-enlarging drilling tool group that connects flexible connector and be with interior guiding, measurement is lowered to the calculating affirmation and puts in place, completed inclination section is carried out reaming creep into; Carry out drillhole inclination survey, go out drilling track, determine that next inclination section creeps into relevant parameter according to the deviational survey data computation.
The utility model is exactly in the directional drilling inclination section creeps into, and adopts one group of drill set of creeping into as directed continous sampling deflecting specially, and interior pipe core bit is led by the outer tube orientation and tiltedly carried out continuously-directional and get the core deflecting and creep into.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has well solved directional drilling continous sampling deflecting technical barrier, to also can be used as other industry requirement continous sampling deflecting directional drilling as a kind of preferred unit of China's water power surveying engineering directional drilling continous sampling deflecting.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is further elaborated.
Fig. 1 is the mechanism principle figure of a kind of embodiment of the utility model, and wherein Fig. 1 (a) is a upper semisection, and Fig. 1 (b) is a lower semisection;
Fig. 2 is the structure principle chart of hydraulic pressure finder in the hole described in the utility model;
Fig. 3 is the structure principle chart of flexible connector described in the utility model;
Fig. 4 is the A-A schematic cross-section of Fig. 3.
In the drawings:
1-water flowing joint; The 2-transition joint; The 3-stop collar;
The 4-eccentric hammer; The 5-weight pin; 6-water flowing piston;
The 7-spring; The 9-limbers; The 10-spacing hole;
11-water flowing chuck; Pipe in the 29-; The 30-outer tube;
The 31-positioning spline; The 32-shoe that leads; The 33-basket;
The 34-jump ring; The 35-diamond bit; The 36-male joint;
Hydraulic pressure finder in the 40-hole; The protruding terminal pad of 41-; The recessed terminal pad of 42-;
The high-strength nut of 43-; The 44-high-strength bolt; The high-strength rubber pad of 45-;
The 50-flexible connector.
The specific embodiment
Bore directed continous sampling deflecting facility in a kind of two-tube outer leading, shown in Fig. 1 (a) and Fig. 1 (b), comprise outer tube 30, this outer tube connects guiding shoe 32 for 30 times; Pipe 29 in being set with in the described outer tube 30, pipe connects hydraulic pressure finder 40 in the hole 29 times in this, and the lower end of hydraulic pressure finder 40 is connected with the upper end of a flexible connector 50 by a transition joint 2 in this hole; Hydraulic pressure finder 40 upper ends link to each other with the water flowing joint 1 of a hollow in the described hole, and this water flowing joint 1 other end links to each other with a drilling rod; Described flexible connector 50 lower ends link to each other with a male joint 36, and these male joint 36 lower ends link to each other with a basket 33, and the lower end of this basket 33 links together by a jump ring 34 and a diamond bit 35; Be provided with positioning spline 31 between hydraulic pressure finder 40 and the outer tube 30 in the described hole.Described drilling rod is preferably the high-strength elastic geologic drilling rod.
The structure of hydraulic pressure finder 40 is in the described hole, linked to each other by a water flowing chuck 11 between described water flowing joint 1 and the transition joint 2, these water flowing chuck 11 inner chambers are provided with that cavity that hydraulic pressure size according to water flowing joint 1 cavity makes the cavity of water flowing joint 1 and transition joint 2 is communicated with or the closing device of path blockade; As shown in Figure 2, the structure of described closing device is, described water flowing joint 1 is provided with a stop collar 3 with inboard, described water flowing chuck 11 junction, this stop collar 3 is thin neck axle towards water flowing chuck 11 1 ends, the eccentric hammer 4 that can rotate relative to this thin neck axle is housed on the thin neck axle of this stop collar 3, be connected with weight pin 5 in the eccentric end of this eccentric hammer 4, described water flowing chuck 11 inwalls are provided with the spacing hole 10 that matches and be connected with described weight pin 5 during greater than certain pressure value P when hydraulic pressure in the water flowing joint 1, the thin neck axle head of described stop collar 3 links to each other with a water flowing piston 6, and spring 7 is housed on the piston rod of this water flowing piston 6; The cavity that described water flowing chuck 11 inboards have the cavity of water flowing joint 1 when hydraulic pressure is not less than certain pressure value P in the water flowing joint 1 and transition joint 2 is communicated with, the limbers 9 of path blockade between the cavity of the cavity of the water flowing joint 1 during less than certain pressure value P of hydraulic pressure in the water flowing joint 1 and transition joint 2.Described stop collar 3 is a cavity towards an end of water flowing joint 1.
Described elasticity tool joint 50 is made by the 40CrMnMo alloy steel, and as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the structure of described elasticity tool joint 50 is that the lower end of described transition joint 2 connects a protruding terminal pad 41; The upper end of described male joint 36 connects a recessed terminal pad 42; Be connected by high-strength rubber pad 45 between this protruding terminal pad 41 and the recessed terminal pad 42, and the end face towards recessed terminal pad 42 of this protruding terminal pad 41 outwards protrudes, the end face towards protruding terminal pad 41 of this recessed terminal pad 42 is inwardly recessed, and both protrude with recessed degree and are complementary; This protruding terminal pad 41 is locked by one group of high-strength bolt 44 and high-strength nut 43 with recessed terminal pad 42.Described high-strength bolt 44 adopts 9.8 grades of high-strength bolts.
The core deflecting method of getting of boring directed continous sampling deflecting facility in described two-tube outer the leading comprises the steps:
A, lead oblique parameter and select; According to the requirement of directional drilling planned course, calculate and determine to lead oblique angle and selected guiding boots pipe; Carry out in the hole hydraulic pressure finder surface water compression set to test, calculate by drilling water level and determine hydraulic pressure finder work water pressure parameter in the hole;
The directed continous sampling deflecting facility of brill are lowered to and are in place in b, two-tube outer the leading; Assembling also is lowered to outer tube 30; Measure with calculating and confirm to be in place, pipe 29 in assembling then and being lowered to is measured with calculating and is confirmed that the positioning spline 31 of hydraulic pressure finder 40 and outer tube 30 is seated in the hole;
Lead oblique orientation in c, the hole; By the requirement of shaping-orientation azimuth, the azimuth of the boots pipe 36 that leads by 40 mensuration of hydraulic pressure finder in the hole and at the bottom of adjusting the hole; Outer tube 30 steering drilling tool group apertures adopt machinery to press, be fixedly clamped;
D, creep into and get core; Pipe 29 and measure to calculate is in place in slowly transferring, and jointed rod is gently pressed in the slow-speed pipe 29 to carry out directed continous sampling deflecting and crept into;
F, directed reaming; Be lowered to the borehole-enlarging drilling tool group that connects flexible connector and be with interior guiding, measurement is lowered to the calculating affirmation and puts in place, gently presses slow-speed that completed inclination section is carried out reaming and creeps into; Carry out drillhole inclination survey, go out drilling track, determine that next inclination section creeps into relevant parameter according to the deviational survey data computation.
Described outer tube 30 adopts φ 71 high-strength elastic wire line coring drilling rods, joint external diameter φ 73mm, internal diameter φ 60mm.Outer tube connects for 30 times leads inclined tube boots 32.
Pipe 29 adopts φ 42 high-strength elastic geologic drilling rods, joint external diameter φ 43mm, internal diameter φ 22mm in described.Interior pipe connects hydraulic pressure finder 40 in the hole, flexible connector 50 and φ 56 two-tube single actions 29 times and gets the core diamond drill.
Bore directed continous sampling deflecting facility in two-tube outer the leading and adopt φ 42 high-strength elastic geologic drilling rods, the inner guide type reaming diamond bit 35 of following tape splicing flexible connector.
Central-South survey and design academy has successfully developed in two-tube outer the leading and has bored directed continous sampling deflecting facility through research of technique, can be widely used in water power surveying engineering directional drilling.
Claims (7)
1. bore directed continous sampling deflecting facility in two-tube outer leading, it is characterized in that, comprise outer tube (30), connect guiding shoe (32) under this outer tube (30); Be set with interior pipe (29) in the described outer tube (30), connect hydraulic pressure finder (40) in the hole under the pipe (29) in this, the lower end of hydraulic pressure finder (40) is connected by the upper end of a transition joint (2) with a flexible connector (50) in this hole; Hydraulic pressure finder (40) upper end links to each other with the water flowing joint (1) of a hollow in the described hole, and this water flowing joint (1) other end links to each other with a drilling rod; Described flexible connector (50) lower end links to each other with a male joint (36), and this male joint (36) lower end links to each other with a basket (33), and a lower end of this basket (33) and a diamond bit (35) link together;
The structure of hydraulic pressure finder (40) is in the described hole, linked to each other by a water flowing chuck (11) between described water flowing joint (1) and the transition joint (2), this water flowing chuck (11) inner chamber is provided with that cavity that hydraulic pressure size according to water flowing joint (1) cavity makes the cavity of water flowing joint (1) and transition joint (2) is communicated with or the closing device of path blockade;
The structure of described elasticity tool joint (50) is that the lower end of described transition joint (2) connects a protruding terminal pad (41); The upper end of described male joint (36) connects a recessed terminal pad (42); Be connected by high-strength rubber pad (45) between this protruding terminal pad (41) and the recessed terminal pad (42), and the end face towards recessed terminal pad (42) of this protruding terminal pad (41) outwards protrudes, the end face towards protruding terminal pad (41) of this recessed terminal pad (42) is inwardly recessed, and both protrude with recessed degree and are complementary; This protruding terminal pad (41) is locked by one group of high-strength bolt (44) and high-strength nut (43) with recessed terminal pad (42).
2. bore directed continous sampling deflecting facility in two-tube outer the leading according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the structure of described closing device is, described water flowing joint (1) is provided with a stop collar (3) with described water flowing chuck (11) inboard, junction, this stop collar (3) is thin neck axle towards water flowing chuck (11) one ends, the eccentric hammer (4) that can rotate relative to this thin neck axle is housed on the thin neck axle of this stop collar (3), be connected with weight pin (5) in the eccentric end of this eccentric hammer (4), described water flowing chuck (11) inwall is provided with the spacing hole (10) that matches and be connected with described weight pin (5) when hydraulic pressure is greater than certain pressure value P in the water flowing joint (1), the thin neck axle head of described stop collar (3) links to each other with a water flowing piston (6), and spring (7) is housed on the piston rod of this water flowing piston (6); Described water flowing chuck (11) inboard has the cavity of water flowing joint (1) when hydraulic pressure is not less than certain pressure value P in the water flowing joint (1) and the cavity of transition joint (2) is communicated with the limbers (9) of path blockade between the cavity of the cavity of water flowing joint (1) and transition joint (2) when hydraulic pressure is less than certain pressure value P in the water flowing joint (1).
3. bore directed continous sampling deflecting facility in two-tube outer the leading according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described elasticity tool joint (50) is made by the 40CrMnMo alloy steel.
4. bore directed continous sampling deflecting facility in two-tube outer the leading according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described high-strength bolt (44) adopts 9.8 grades of high-strength bolts.
5. bore directed continous sampling deflecting facility in two-tube outer the leading according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, be provided with positioning spline (31) between hydraulic pressure finder (40) and the outer tube (30) in the described hole.
6. bore directed continous sampling deflecting facility in two-tube outer the leading according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described drilling rod is the high-strength elastic geologic drilling rod.
7. bore directed continous sampling deflecting facility in two-tube outer the leading according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described stop collar (3) is a cavity towards an end of water flowing joint (1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201120022112 CN201924830U (en) | 2011-01-24 | 2011-01-24 | Double-tube directional continuous coring and inclination tool with outer inclination and inner drilling |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201120022112 CN201924830U (en) | 2011-01-24 | 2011-01-24 | Double-tube directional continuous coring and inclination tool with outer inclination and inner drilling |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN201924830U true CN201924830U (en) | 2011-08-10 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201120022112 Expired - Lifetime CN201924830U (en) | 2011-01-24 | 2011-01-24 | Double-tube directional continuous coring and inclination tool with outer inclination and inner drilling |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN201924830U (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102080503A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2011-06-01 | 中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院 | Continuous directional coring and deflecting machine tool with dual tubes for outer guiding and inner drilling and deflecting method thereof |
| CN109538121A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-03-29 | 河南省煤田地质局四队 | Portable type whipstock |
| CN109779526A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-21 | 谭力诚 | The directional inclination device of hydraulic drives |
| CN111236872A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-06-05 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Directional rope core drill and drilling method thereof |
| CN112252972A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-22 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Eccentric ring type horizontal directional core drilling tool and direction control device thereof |
| CN112252971A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-22 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Spline type horizontal directional drilling engineering geological exploration steering control device |
| CN112282740A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-29 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Pressure feed signaling type horizontal directional drilling engineering geological exploration continuous coring device |
| CN116696329A (en) * | 2023-08-03 | 2023-09-05 | 东营垣发石油科技有限公司 | Directional verification device and method for horizontal well |
-
2011
- 2011-01-24 CN CN 201120022112 patent/CN201924830U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102080503B (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2013-11-20 | 中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院 | Continuous directional coring and deflecting machine tool with dual tubes for outer guiding and inner drilling and deflecting method thereof |
| CN102080503A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2011-06-01 | 中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院 | Continuous directional coring and deflecting machine tool with dual tubes for outer guiding and inner drilling and deflecting method thereof |
| CN109538121A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-03-29 | 河南省煤田地质局四队 | Portable type whipstock |
| CN109538121B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2024-05-03 | 河南省资源环境调查四院有限公司 | Portable whipstock |
| CN109779526B (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2024-02-06 | 谭力诚 | Hydraulic-driven directional deflecting device |
| CN109779526A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-21 | 谭力诚 | The directional inclination device of hydraulic drives |
| CN111236872A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-06-05 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Directional rope core drill and drilling method thereof |
| CN112252971A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-22 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Spline type horizontal directional drilling engineering geological exploration steering control device |
| CN112252972A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-22 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Eccentric ring type horizontal directional core drilling tool and direction control device thereof |
| CN112282740B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-10-04 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Pressure-feed signaling type continuous coring device for geological exploration of horizontal directional drilling engineering |
| CN112282740A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-29 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Pressure feed signaling type horizontal directional drilling engineering geological exploration continuous coring device |
| CN116696329A (en) * | 2023-08-03 | 2023-09-05 | 东营垣发石油科技有限公司 | Directional verification device and method for horizontal well |
| CN116696329B (en) * | 2023-08-03 | 2023-10-31 | 东营垣发石油科技有限公司 | Directional verification device and method for horizontal well |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20110810 Effective date of abandoning: 20131120 |
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| RGAV | Abandon patent right to avoid regrant |