CN201897636U - Large-scope multiple target ultrasonic tracking and positioning system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a large-scope multiple target ultrasonic tracking and positioning system and relates to an indoor target tracking and positioning system based on ultrasonic wave, which comprises an emitter component, a receiving component and a calculation display unit, wherein the emitter component comprises a plurality of ultrasonic signal emitters with different frequencies or slot time characteristics; each emitter is arranged on different targets for periodically emitting an ultrasonic signal; the receiving component comprises a plurality of ultrasonic signal receiving processing units used for receiving and processing the ultrasonic signals emitted by the emitters; and the calculation display unit comprises a USB (universal serial bus) and a 3D display server of an upper computer. The large-scope multiple target tracking and positioning is realized by adopting the schemes of spatial cutting, time frequency combination and cross-space switching. The positioning system provided by the utility model has the advantages of wide positioning scope, multiple tracking targets, being free from synchronous error, requiring no complex network protocol, small power consumption, high stability, and the like.

Description

The ultrasonic tracing-positioning system of multiple goal on a large scale

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of based on hyperacoustic indoor target following and positioning system, is specifically related to a kind of ultrasonic tracing-positioning system of multiple goal on a large scale and method based on ultrasonic propagation delay inequality TDOA.

Background technology

In recent years, quick increase along with data service and multimedia service, people increase day by day to the demand of location with navigation, especially in the indoor environment of complexity, in environment such as airport hall, exhibition room, supermarket, library, underground parking, mine, usually need to determine the positional information of portable terminal or its holder, facility and article.But be subjected to the restriction of conditions such as positioning time, bearing accuracy, orientation range and localizing objects number, fairly perfect location technology at present also can't be well in indoor application.Therefore experts and scholars have proposed many technology that are used for indoor tracking and positioning, and common have infrared location technology, inertial positioning technology, electromagnetic location technology and a ultrasonic locating technology.

Infrared ray indoor positioning technology is the infrared-ray of infrared ray IR identification transmissions modulation, positions by being installed in indoor optical sensor reception.Though infrared ray has higher relatively indoor position accuracy, because its transmission range is short and easily by the interference of the light in fluorescent light or the room, make that the effect of its indoor positioning is relatively poor.

Inertia indoor positioning technology is to utilize the movement velocity of 3 inertial sensor perceptual objects along three normal coordinates direction of principal axis, obtains the location parameter of object then by integral operation.Its advantage is not need external measurement devices, belongs to passive autonomous type and measures, and measurement range is unrestricted.But its shortcoming also is apparent in view, i.e. life period drifting problem, and this can cause the accumulative total of measuring error.

The electromagnetic location technology is present most widely used indoor tracking and positioning technology, its ultimate principle is by setting up a specific field region, utilize magnetic sensors to obtain Magnetic Field then, calculate the coordinate system of inductor position and the Relation Parameters between the reference frame according to gained information.Its advantage is that cost is low, volume is little, in light weight.Shortcoming is very responsive to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and magnetic metal, needs to revise, and system delay is big.

Ultrasound wave indoor positioning technology is to be issued to ultrasonic receiver from transmitter and to receive the position that the transit time TOA that experienced or transit time difference TDOA calculate the transmitter place by measuring ultrasound wave.Distance between sound source and the target and sound wave are propagated the needed time and are directly proportional between sound source and target, measure transit time or transit time difference and just can calculate distance between sound source and the target, ultrasonic receiver according to a plurality of diverse locations is found range to same ultrasonic transmitter, can determine that by calculating this ultrasonic transmitter is in three-dimensional position.

The ultrasonic locating technology is compared with above-mentioned other three kinds of methods as a kind of non-contacting detection mode, and the advantage of following several respects is arranged:

(1) ultrasonic propagation velocity is low, the direct nearer target of tracking range, longitudinal frame height;

(2) ultrasound wave is insensitive to color, illuminance, is in dark, dust is arranged, certain adaptive faculty is arranged under smog, electromagnetic interference (EMI), the rugged surroundings such as poisonous for test environment;

(3) be easy to directional transmissions, good directionality, intensity be control easily also;

(4) ultrasonic sensor is simple in structure, volume is little, cost performance is high, information processing is simple and reliable, is easy to miniaturization and integrated.

In addition, adopt the locator meams based on TDOA, owing to do not need synchronizing signal, also have the high advantage of bearing accuracy, but it need find the solution nonlinear equation, computation complexity is higher relatively, is unfavorable for using in the embedded system that real-time is had relatively high expectations.In the minutes of the GPS (Global Position System) international symposium (The 2004 International Symposium on GNSS/GPS) of in Dec, 2004 Sydney, AUS, two kinds of calculation methods based on the TDOA mode have been proposed, be CHAN calculation method and Taylor series expansion algorithm, the CHAN calculation method is the method for nonlinear equation being carried out the partial linear processing, find the solution three dimensional local information and still need resolve a nonlinear equation; Taylor series expansion algorithm is to launch according to the Taylor mean value theorem, on the meaning of lowest mean square, be optimum, but its needs one to carry out iteration with the approaching initial value of actual position, if and positioning accuracy request is higher, then Taylor expansion need be launched into pluriderivative, carries out repeatedly iteration, and calculated amount is very big, be difficult to use in embedded system, convergence neither be fine.

Nowadays, ultrasonic track and localization technology has been widely used in fields such as robot location and navigation.And extending to model machine design, manufacturing and assembling and the contour frontier of educational training, scientific research and amusement of the development of sophisticated weapons, aircraft, battlefield virtual training, the product for civilian use.Yet in ultrasonic positioning system, because measuring accuracy depends on the precision that time delay or delay inequality are extracted, sampling rate depends on destination number and working range, and present existing ultrasonic tracing-positioning system is the following defective of ubiquity still: (1) bearing accuracy is poor; (2) orientation range is little; (3) real-time is poor; (4) be difficult to support multiple target tracking; (5) procotol complexity.And rapid development of high and new is more and more higher to the requirement of aspects such as bearing accuracy, stand-by period, localizing objects number, working range and environmental suitability, therefore, design multiobject ultrasonic tracing-positioning system on a large scale, study multiobject ultrasonic track and localization technology on a large scale and will bring huge economic benefit and social benefit.

The indoor ultrasonic locating system of several current prior aries is described below.

At first, the U.S. Patent No. US 6 that is entitled as " Detection system for determining positional and other information about obiects " at Alan Henry Jones, a kind of tracing-positioning system based on ultrasonic receiving sensor array has been described among 493,649 B1.After the ultrasonic signal transmitter that is installed in the user front is triggered by center system emitted radio signal (radio signal), transmission frequency is the ultrasonic pulse signal of 40KHz periodically, and signal receiver receives the track and localization that realizes target behind this ultrasonic signal based on the TOA triangulation.But its system adopts the ultrasonic signal of single-frequency, is difficult to finish multiobject track and localization, and the system architecture complexity, the cost height.

Secondly, in the U.S. Patent No. US2008/0128178A1 that is entitled as " Ultrasonic tracking " of Ying Jia, described a kind of based on hyperacoustic Multi-Targets Tracking and Positioning System.At transmitting terminal, it adopts the m/Gold sequence that ultrasonic pulse is encoded, because the m/Gold sequence has sharp-pointed auto-correlation and smooth their cross correlation, therefore, extract the time delay information of each target and solve ultrasonic cross-interference issue by envelope detected extraction pseudo-random code and by related operation at receiving end, finally realize the multiple goal location.But calculated amount is big owing to carry out related calculation, and the complexity height is difficult to use in embedded system, and system real time also is difficult to guarantee.

Once more, the United States Patent (USP) NO.US7 that is entitled as " Ultrasonic tracking and locating system " at Sverre Holm, 352, a kind of indoor ultrasonic locating system based on " monitoring---request---emission " has been proposed among the 652B2, this system comprises some electronic beacons, and be placed on the object that needs to follow the tracks of and monitor, each beacon all has the address code of oneself, and each beacon all is furnished with a ultrasonic transmitter, wireless signal transceiver, the master that ultrasonic signal is fixed, receive and extract delay data from the control unit, further obtain positional information.But its system with the RF signal as synchronously and information carrying signal, there is synchronous error, bearing accuracy is relatively poor, " monitoring " mechanism of employing, can not realize the multiple target tracking location, simultaneously, between transmitter and receiver, need complicated signaling and procotol to realize synchronously and, the system complexity height via the transmission of radio links data.

Summary of the invention

The utility model provides the system of a kind of multiple target tracking on a large scale location.To solve the problem that real-time is poor, bearing accuracy is low and positional information is difficult to resolve that multiobject ultrasonic tracing-positioning system and method exist on a large scale.

The scheme that the utility model is taked is: a kind of based on hyperacoustic multiobject on a large scale tracing-positioning system, comprising:

Emitting module, comprise a plurality of ultrasonic signal emitters, each ultrasonic signal emitters is installed on the different target, is used for launching periodically ultrasonic signal, and different ultrasonic signal emitters ultrasonic waves transmitted signal has different frequency or different time-gap characteristic; A signal emission cycle, different ultrasonic signal emitters can also can be launched the ultrasonic signal of same frequency at different time-gap at the ultrasonic signal of same time slot emission different frequency.Different frequency about 15KHz, is 25KHz, 40KHz, 55KHz, 60KHz, 75KHz as the ultrasonic signal frequency, but also is not limited only to this at interval, can dynamically adjust according to the bandwidth of ultrasonic sensor; Different time-gap but also is not limited thereto at interval about 10ms, can require dynamically adjust according to localizing objects number, real-time;

Receiving unit, comprise that a plurality of ultrasonic signals receive processing unit, be used for receiving and handling described ultrasonic signal emitters ultrasonic waves transmitted signal, each ultrasonic signal receives processing unit and forms from the control unit by 1 main control unit and 4, and it is main, from being the geometric distributions of certain rule between the control unit, main control unit with wherein two from the control cell distribution point-blank, with two other from the control cell distribution on another straight line, and main control unit be distributed on each straight line corresponding two from the position of control between the unit, main control unit is responsible for from the opening of control unit, and the reception processing unit of determining its place chosen track and localization that is used for target whether, be controlled by main control unit from the control unit, and and main control unit coordinate to finish the track and localization of target together.Preferred distribution scheme is a square profile, and promptly main control unit is distributed in foursquare center, from controlling cell distribution at foursquare four end points.Further, main control unit and all comprise the ultrasonic signal receiver with different frequency characteristic of equal number from the control unit, and the distribution scheme in the master and slave control unit between the ultrasonic signal receiver of different frequency characteristic is identical, the frequency number that the system of setting up departments adopts is m, then master and slave control unit all comprises m the ultrasonic signal receiver with different frequency characteristic, and be point (m=1) between the different frequency receiver, linear (m=2), triangle (m=3) or square (m=4 or 5) distribute.In addition, can also form ultrasound wave receiving sensor network by ultrasonic signal is received the network topology that processing unit carries out certain rule;

Calculate display unit, forms, be used for calculating also in real time display-object in three-dimensional position by USB and host computer 3D display server.

The track and localization scope of describing according to first aspect of the utility model that is meant on a large scale is greater than pervasive indoor range 10m * 10m=100m ², and can be according to the requirement of reality to the indoor tracking and positioning scope, dynamically adjust by the coverage that increases or reduce ultrasonic receiving sensor network; The multiple goal of describing is meant that the tracking target number is more than or equal to 2 situation, and the tracking target number can dynamically be adjusted according to the frequency number, the timeslot number that adopt, it is characterized in that: be located in the signal emission cycle, the frequency number that system adopts is i, the timeslot number that adopts is j, and then maximum tracking target is counted K=i * j.

The utlity model has following advantage:

1, owing to adopted the space segmentation technology, the technology of time-division, frequency division combination can realize multiobject indoor location tracking simultaneously on a large scale, and need not complicated procotol, and is applied widely.

2, carry out location compute owing to having adopted based on the ultrasonic Tracking and Orientation Arithmetic of delay inequality TDOA and according to known geometry site between the master and slave control unit, no synchronous error, the bearing accuracy height, and overcome in traditional TDOA location algorithm, the defective that positional information is difficult to resolve is beneficial in embedded system and uses.

3, owing to adopted 5 ultrasonic signal receivers that a target is carried out Position Tracking, increased redundant information, guaranteed stable and tracking image level and smooth of system works.

4, the tracking target number smaller or equal to 10 situation under, system will have good time response characteristic, its refreshing frequency is more than or equal to 50Hz.

5, because co-ordination between the master and slave control unit, when the subspace does not have the target ultrasonic signal emitters of certain or certain several frequencies, corresponding from the control unit ultrasonic signal receiver of corresponding frequencies be in closed condition, have only the ultrasonic signal receiver in the main control unit to be in opening, guaranteed the power consumption design of system.

6, the space changing method more that adopts position-based information and signal amplitude information to combine, the mistake that had both prevented the ultrasonic signal transmitter that causes because of noise fluctuations is switched, and has guaranteed the good splicing of tracking target image when target is positioned at two or 4 sub spaces and has a common boundary again.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the entire block diagram that the ultrasonic tracing-positioning system 100 of multiple goal on a large scale that the utility model proposes is shown;

Figure 1A is the internal frame diagram that illustrates according to the ultrasonic tracing-positioning system 100 of multiple goal on a large scale that the utility model proposes;

Figure 1B illustrates the composition frame chart that receives processing unit according to ultrasonic signal of the present utility model, wherein shows the situation that is general distribution and preferred square profile between master and slave unit respectively;

Fig. 1 C is the composition frame chart that illustrates according to master and slave control of the present utility model unit, wherein illustrates respectively to comprise m=1, the situation of 2,3,4,5 different frequency ultrasonic signal receivers;

Fig. 2 A is the hardware configuration layout that illustrates according to ultrasonic signal emitters of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 B illustrates the hardware configuration layout that receives processing unit according to ultrasonic signal of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 C illustrates the basic conditioning procedure chart that receives ultrasonic signal in the processing unit according to ultrasonic signal of the present utility model;

Fig. 3 is the ultrasonic signal emission sequential chart with different frequency characteristic or different time-gap characteristic that illustrates according to ultrasonic signal emitters emission of the present utility model;

Fig. 4 is used to illustrate the synoptic diagram that receives processing unit network topology and space segmentation situation according to ultrasonic signal of the present utility model;

Fig. 5 is used to illustrate according to the process flow diagram based on hyperacoustic position fixing process of multiple target tracking on a large scale 500 of the present utility model;

Fig. 6 is used to illustrate according to the ultrasonic Tracking and Orientation Arithmetic principle schematic based on delay inequality of the present utility model;

Fig. 7 A is used for illustrating that the coordinate that receives processing unit different frequency ultrasonic signal receiver according to ultrasonic signal of the present utility model unifies demarcation scheme synoptic diagram, wherein illustrate respectively and comprise n=1,2,3, the situation of 4,5 different frequency ultrasonic signal receivers;

Fig. 7 B is used to illustrate according to the coordinate of different subspace of the present utility model unify demarcation scheme synoptic diagram.

Embodiment

The ultrasonic tracing-positioning system of multiple goal on a large scale comprises:

Emitting module comprises a plurality of ultrasonic signal emitters, and each ultrasonic signal emitters is installed on the different target, is used for launching periodically ultrasonic signal;

Receiving unit comprises that a plurality of ultrasonic signals receive processing unit, is used for receiving and handling described ultrasonic signal emitters ultrasonic waves transmitted signal;

Calculate display unit, forms, be used for calculating also in real time display-object in three-dimensional position by USB and host computer 3D display server.

A kind of embodiment of the utility model is: what the ultrasonic signal emitters that comprises in the emitting module was launched is the ultrasonic signal with different frequency or different time-gap characteristic.

A kind of embodiment of the utility model is: the ultrasonic signal that comprises in the receiving unit receives processing unit and is made up of from the control unit 1 main control unit and 4, and it is main, from being the geometric distributions of certain rule between the control unit, main control unit with wherein two from the control cell distribution point-blank, with two other from the control cell distribution on another straight line, and main control unit be distributed on each straight line corresponding two from the position of control between the unit, main control unit is responsible for from the opening of control unit, and the ultrasonic signal of determining its place receives the whether chosen track and localization that is used for target of processing unit, be controlled by main control unit from the control unit, and and main control unit coordinate to finish the track and localization of target together; Preferred distribution scheme is a square profile, and promptly main control unit is distributed in foursquare center, from controlling cell distribution at foursquare four end points.

A kind of embodiment of the utility model is: form ultrasound wave receiving sensor network by network topology.

A kind of embodiment of the utility model is: main control unit and all comprise the ultrasonic signal receiver with different frequency characteristic of equal number from the control unit, and the distribution scheme in the master and slave control unit between the ultrasonic signal receiver of different frequency characteristic is identical, the frequency number that the system of setting up departments adopts is m, then master and slave control unit all comprises m the ultrasonic signal receiver with different frequency characteristic, and be a little between the different frequency ultrasonic signal receiver, linear, triangle or square profile.

A kind of embodiment of the utility model is: be meant that on a large scale the track and localization scope is greater than pervasive indoor range 10m * 10m=100m ², and can be according to the requirement of reality to the indoor tracking and positioning scope, dynamically adjust by the coverage that increases or reduce ultrasound wave receiving sensor network; Described multiple goal is meant that the tracking target number is more than or equal to 2 situation, and the tracking target number can dynamically be adjusted according to the frequency number, the timeslot number that adopt, is located in the signal emission cycle, and the frequency number that system adopts is i, the timeslot number that adopts is j, and then maximum tracking target is counted K=i * j.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is further described:

Fig. 1 is the entire block diagram that the ultrasonic tracing-positioning system 100 of multiple goal on a large scale that the utility model proposes is shown.As shown in the figure, this system is made up of emitting module 101, receiving unit 102 and calculating display unit 103.Further with reference to Figure 1A, 1B and 1C, wherein emitting module 101 comprises a plurality of ultrasonic signal emitters 101-1,101-2 ... 101-M, receiving unit 102 comprises that a plurality of ultrasonic signals receive processing unit 102-1,102-2 ... 102-N, each ultrasonic signal receive processing unit and link to each other with calculating display unit 103 by bus 106.Wherein said single ultrasonic signal receives processing unit and is made up of from the control unit 1 main control unit and 4, and the geometric distributions that is certain rule between the master and slave control unit, shown in Figure 1B (a), it is characterized in that: main control unit with wherein two from the control cell distribution point-blank, with two other from the control cell distribution on another straight line, and main control unit be distributed on each straight line corresponding two from the position of control between the unit.In the specific embodiment, preferred distribution scheme is a square profile in one, and as Figure 1B (b), main control unit is distributed in foursquare center, from controlling cell distribution at foursquare four end points.In addition, main control unit and all comprise the ultrasonic signal receiver with different frequency characteristic of equal number from the control unit, and the distribution scheme in the master and slave control unit between the ultrasonic signal receiver of different frequency characteristic is identical, it is characterized in that: the frequency number that the system of setting up departments adopts is m, then master and slave control unit all comprises m the ultrasonic signal receiver with different frequency characteristic, and be point (m=1) between the different frequency ultrasonic signal receiver, linear (m=2), triangle (m=3) or square (m=4 or 5) distribute, shown in Fig. 1 C.

Among the embodiment that in above-mentioned Fig. 1 C, describes, between the wherein said different frequency ultrasonic signal receiver certain interval can be arranged, point between them, linear, triangle or square profile also can obtain new distribution scheme by certain rotation and translation, and it does not break away from spirit of the present utility model and essential characteristic.

Fig. 2 A is the hardware configuration layout that illustrates according to ultrasonic signal emitters of the present utility model.As shown in the figure, in order to realize multiobject track and localization, different ultrasonic signal emitters can be launched the ultrasonic signal of different frequency, and in one embodiment, different ultrasonic signal emitters also can be launched the ultrasonic signal of same frequency different time-gap.On hardware chart shown in Fig. 2 A, except comprising the ultrasonic emitting sensor that the microcontroller (MCU) that is used to carry out core operation and frequency be f, also comprise LED, power supply, oscillator, storer and DLL (dynamic link library) or the like.Because these assemblies all are Common Components well known by persons skilled in the art, therefore, repeat no more here.

Fig. 2 B illustrates the hardware configuration layout that receives processing unit according to ultrasonic signal of the present utility model.As shown in the figure, according to the utility model, in order to realize the track and localization of target, ultrasonic signal receives processing unit and is made up of from the control unit 1 main control unit and 4, in one embodiment, main control unit is by the opening of control interface control from the control unit, and the ultrasonic signal of determining its place receives the whether chosen track and localization that is used for target of processing unit, be controlled by main control unit from the control unit, and and main control unit coordinate to finish the track and localization of target together, simultaneously, in order to realize track and localization on a large scale, a plurality of ultrasonic signals receive processing unit and link to each other further co-ordination by bus interface with the calculating display unit.In addition, on the hardware structure diagram shown in Fig. 2 B, be used to control and the ultrasonic signal of signal Processing receives processing unit processes device, 1 main control unit and 4 from the control unit and outside control interface and the bus interface except comprising, also comprise oscillator, LED, power supply, storer, DLL (dynamic link library), ultrasound wave receiving sensor or the like, because these assemblies are Common Components well known by persons skilled in the art, therefore repeat no more here.

Fig. 2 C illustrates according to ultrasonic signal of the present utility model to receive ultrasonic signal conditioning procedure chart in the processing unit.For the master is described, from the co-ordination relation between the control unit, in a specific embodiment, behind system power-on reset, the main control unit that each ultrasonic signal receives in the processing unit is in opening constantly, when frequency be the ultrasonic signal emitters of f behind an electrification reset for the first time transmission frequency be the ultrasonic signal of f, the main control unit medium frequency of each ultrasonic signal reception processing unit is that the ultrasonic signal receiver of f receives the ultrasonic signal that described frequency is f, pass through filtering circuit, amplifying circuit, the ultrasonic signal that peak detection circuit and comparator circuit etc. be selected to have a main control unit place of intense ultrasonic wave signal receiving strength receives the track and localization of processing unit as target this moment, and starting corresponding by on-off circuit simultaneously is the ultrasonic signal receiver of f from control unit medium frequency.Further, the ultrasonic signal that in the frequency that receives next time is f enters the processor that ultrasonic signal receives processing unit by filtering circuit, amplifying circuit, A/D etc., because these signal condition processes are ultrasonic signal conditioning processes commonly used well known by persons skilled in the art, therefore repeat no more here.

Fig. 3 is the ultrasonic signal emission sequential chart with different frequency characteristic or different time-gap characteristic that illustrates according to ultrasonic signal emitters emission of the present utility model, as shown in the figure, establishes T=t _N-t ₀Be a signal emission cycle, different target can be launched the ultrasonic signal of different frequency at synchronization in a signal emission cycle, also can launch the ultrasonic signal of same frequency in difference constantly.Wherein said different frequency is characterized in that: different frequency about 15KHz, is 25KHz, 40KHz, 55KHz, 60KHz, 75KHz as signal frequency, but also is not limited only to this at interval, can dynamically adjust according to the bandwidth of sensor; Wherein said different time-gap is characterized in that: different time-gap but also is not limited thereto at interval about 10ms, can require dynamically adjust according to localizing objects number, real-time.According to the utility model, frequency number and the unique decision of the timeslot number in the monocycle that the tracking target number of system and real-time are adopted by system, therefore, in a specific embodiment, be located in the signal emission cycle, the frequency number that system adopts is i, and the timeslot number of employing is j, and then maximum tracking target is counted K=i * j; In addition, in another specific embodiment, for example under pervasive indoor environment (chamber height is smaller or equal to 3 meters), the frequency number that the system of setting up departments adopts is 5, the refreshing frequency that requires is more than or equal to 50Hz, then for guaranteeing that system works is stable, in a signal emission period T=1000/50=20ms, the timeslot number that adopts is smaller or equal to 2, and maximum tracking target is counted K≤5 * 2=10.

Fig. 4 is used to illustrate the synoptic diagram that receives processing unit network topology and space segmentation situation according to ultrasonic signal of the present utility model.Shown in Fig. 4 (a), according to the utility model, in order to realize the purpose of track and localization on a large scale, large space is divided into little subspace, each subspace adopts 1 ultrasonic signal to receive processing unit (being made up of from the control unit 1 main control unit and 4), and echo signal receives processing unit by the subspace ultrasonic signal at place and receives processing.Further, in order to improve power system capacity and bearing accuracy, can littler subspace be continued to be divided in the subspace according to actual conditions, shown in Fig. 4 (b).

Fig. 5 is used to illustrate according to the process flow diagram based on hyperacoustic position fixing process of multiple target tracking on a large scale 500 of the present utility model, comprising following steps:

In step S1, large space is divided into little subspace, each subspace adopts 1 ultrasonic signal to receive processing unit, echo signal receives processing unit reception processing by the subspace ultrasonic signal at place, simultaneously, described subspace can also be divided according to actual conditions again, to improve power system capacity and bearing accuracy.

In step S2, the different ultrasonic signal emitters that are installed on the different target are launched the ultrasonic signal with different frequency or different time-gap characteristic periodically; It is characterized in that: a signal emission cycle, different ultrasonic signal emitters can also can be launched the ultrasonic signal of same frequency at different time-gap at the ultrasonic signal of same time slot emission different frequency.Different frequency about 15KHz, is 25KHz, 40KHz, 55KHz, 60KHz, 75KHz as the ultrasonic signal frequency, but also is not limited only to this at interval, can dynamically adjust according to the bandwidth of ultrasonic sensor; Different time-gap but also is not limited thereto at interval about 10ms, can require dynamically adjust according to localizing objects number, real-time.

In step S3, ultrasonic signal receiver in the main control unit of each ultrasonic signal reception processing unit receives the ultrasonic signal that above-mentioned ultrasonic signal emitters is sent for the first time, and at the ultrasonic signal of the same time slot of same frequency, selected ultrasonic signal with ultrasonic signal receiver place of intense ultrasonic wave signal receiving strength receives the track and localization unit of processing unit as target this moment, starts corresponding ultrasonic signal receiver from the control unit simultaneously.

In step S4, at the next same time slot ultrasonic signal of same ultrasonic signal emitters emission, receive processing unit by selected ultrasonic signal and receive processing, reach the respectively delay inequality data between the ultrasonic signal receiver of corresponding frequencies from control unit and main control unit by extracting it, and according to known geometry site between the ultrasonic signal receiver of corresponding frequencies in the master and slave control unit, obtain the positional information of target by calculating display unit, and further in host computer 3D display server, show in real time.

In step S5, when target is crossed over the subspace motion and be determined the intersection that is positioned at two or four sub spaces, receive according to adjacent two or four ultrasonic signals ultrasonic signal that the ultrasonic signal receiver of corresponding frequencies in the main control unit of processing units receives relatively power get over the space switching, otherwise will not switch.When above-mentioned target is finished after space more switches and judge that previous subspace not have the identical ultrasonic signal emitters existence of the frequency of carrying with above-mentioned target, last ultrasonic signal receives the ultrasonic signal receiver of corresponding frequencies from the control unit of processing unit and closes, and open the location again next time by the time.

In the described embodiment of Fig. 5, the ultrasonic signal described among the wherein said step S1 receives processing unit and is made up of from the control unit 1 main control unit and 4, and it is main, from being the geometric distributions of certain rule between the control unit, with reference to Figure 1B (a), it is characterized in that: main control unit with wherein two from the control cell distribution point-blank, with two other from the control cell distribution on another straight line, and main control unit be distributed on each straight line corresponding two from the position of control between the unit, main control unit is responsible for from the opening of control unit, and the reception processing unit of determining its place chosen track and localization that is used for target whether, be controlled by main control unit from the control unit, and and main control unit coordinate to finish the track and localization of target together.Preferred distribution scheme is a square profile, and shown in Figure 1B (b), main control unit is distributed in foursquare center, from controlling cell distribution at foursquare four end points.Further, wherein said main control unit and all comprise the ultrasonic signal receiver with different frequency characteristic of equal number from the control unit, and the distribution scheme in the master and slave control unit between the ultrasonic signal receiver of different frequency characteristic is identical, it is characterized in that: the frequency number that the system of setting up departments adopts is m, then master and slave control unit all comprises m the ultrasonic signal receiver with different frequency characteristic, and be point (m=1) between the different frequency ultrasonic signal receiver, linear (m=2), triangle (m=3) or square (m=4 or 5) distribute, with reference to figure 1C.

Fig. 6 is used to illustrate according to the ultrasonic Tracking and Orientation Arithmetic principle schematic based on delay inequality of the present utility model.According to the utility model, in a specific embodiment, receive processing unit at a ultrasonic signal, adopt preferred square profile scheme between the master and slave control unit, as shown in the figure, R among the figure ₅Be that the main control unit medium frequency that is positioned on the square central point is the ultrasonic signal receiver of f, R ₁, R ₂, R ₃, R ₄Be that to be distributed on four end points of square be the ultrasonic signal receiver of f from control unit medium frequency, T (x, y, z) representing the frequency on the target is the ultrasonic signal emitters of f, as i (i=1,2,3,4,5) individual frequency is that the ultrasonic signal receiver (supposition receive the ultrasonic signal receiver of above-mentioned ultrasonic signal as first) of f is when receiving above-mentioned ultrasonic signal, start timer and pick up counting, and make T _i=0 (T _iRepresent the delay data that ultrasonic signal receiver that i frequency is f is caught).When j the frequency ultrasonic signal receiver that is f (j=1,2,3,4,5, catch timer value T after and i ≠ j) receives above-mentioned ultrasonic signal _jWhen all frequencies are that the ultrasonic signal receiver of f receives after frequency that target reflector sends is the ultrasonic signal of f, with the main control unit medium frequency be the time delay extracted of the ultrasonic signal receiver of f as benchmark, extract main control unit medium frequency in each clump control unit and the main control unit and be the delay inequality data T between the ultrasonic signal receiver of f _{K, 5}=T _k-T ₅(k=1,2,3,4).Based on being the position that known geometry site calculates described target between delay inequality data between the ultrasonic signal receiver of f and the master and slave control unit respectively from control unit and main control unit medium frequency.

It is as follows that process is resolved in the target location:

Suppose that the aerial velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave is c, master and slave control unit medium frequency is that the distance between the ultrasonic signal receiver of f is a, and wherein c and a are known.Can be that delay inequality between the ultrasonic signal receiver of f is calculated range difference then according to master and slave control unit medium frequency.

L _k，5＝cT _k，5＝L _k-L ₅ k＝1，2，3，4

Wherein, L _k(k=1,2,3,4) for target reflector to being distance between the ultrasonic signal receiver of f respectively from control unit medium frequency, L ₅'s distance between the ultrasonic signal receiver of f for target reflector to the main control unit medium frequency.

Consider R ₁, R ₃, R ₅3 points can obtain:

In like manner, consider R ₁, R ₃, R ₅3 points can obtain:

When || L ' ₅-L " ₅| during≤p, order

Wherein p is a threshold value of setting according to the system accuracy requirement, requires p≤0.1mm usually.So we can obtain through simple derivation:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}x=\frac{1}{2a}[({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="L"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_5^{\&prime;}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="L"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_5^{\&prime;\&prime;}){\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="L"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="L"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{3,5}}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="L"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="L"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{3,5}}^2-a^2]\\ y=\frac{1}{2a}[({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="L"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_5^{\&prime;}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="L"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_5^{\&prime;\&prime;}){\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="L"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="L"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{4,5}}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="L"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\; <figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="L"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{4,5}}^2-a^2]\\ z=\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}{({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="L"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_5^{\&prime;}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="L"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_5^{\&prime;\&prime;})}^2-x^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="y"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}^2}\end{array}\right.$

Fig. 7 A is used for illustrating that the coordinate that receives processing unit different frequency ultrasonic signal receiver according to ultrasonic signal of the present utility model unifies demarcation scheme synoptic diagram, wherein illustrate respectively and comprise n=1,2,3, the situation of 4,5 different frequency ultrasonic signal receivers.As shown in the figure, according to the utility model, for the ease of calculating and system coordination, receive in the processing unit at a ultrasonic signal, the ultrasonic signal receiver of different frequency adopts unified coordinate system, can unify coordinate according to the relation between the ultrasonic signal receiver of different frequency in the practical operation and demarcate.For example: when n=1, be f by frequency ₀The position of the target determined of ultrasonic signal receiver be respectively (x ₀, y ₀, z ₀), still be (x through adjusted position coordinates ₀, y ₀, z ₀).Further, the radius of establishing the ultrasonic signal receiving sensor is r, when n=2, is f by frequency ₀And f ₁The position of the target determined of ultrasonic signal receiver be respectively (x ₀, y ₀, z ₀) and (x ₁, y ₁, z ₁), through adjusted position coordinates be (x ' ₀, y ' ₀, z ' ₀) and (x ' ₁, y ' ₁, z ' ₁), then have

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_0^{\&prime;}=x_0-r\\ y_0^{\&prime;}=y_0\\ z_0^{\&prime;}=z_0\end{array}\right.$ $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_1^{\&prime;}=x_1+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="r\; y"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ y_{}^{}{}_1^{\&prime;}=y_1\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="z"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_1^{\&prime;}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="z"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_1\end{array}\right.$

In like manner, when n=3, be f by frequency ₀, f ₁And f ₂The position of the target determined of ultrasonic signal receiver be respectively (x ₀, y ₀, z ₀), (x ₁, y ₁, z ₁) and (x ₂, y ₂, z ₂), through adjusted position coordinates be (x ' ₀, y ' ₀, z ' ₀), (x ' ₁, y ' ₁, z ' ₁) and (x ' ₂, y ' ₂, z ' ₂), then have

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_0^{\&prime;}=x_0+r\\ y_0^{\&prime;}=y_0-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}r\\ z_0^{\&prime;}=z_0\end{array}\right.$ $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_1^{\&prime;}=x_1\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="y"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}_1^{\&prime;}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="y"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}_1+\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="r\; z"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ z_{}^{}{}_1^{\&prime;}=z_1\end{array}\right.$ $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_2^{\&prime;}=x_1-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r\; y"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ y_{}^{}{}_2^{\&prime;}=y_1-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="r\; z"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ z_{}^{}{}_1^{\&prime;}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="z"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_1\end{array}\right.$

When n=4, be f by frequency ₀, f ₁, f ₂And f ₃The position of the target determined of ultrasonic signal receiver be respectively (x ₀, y ₀, z ₀), (x ₁, y ₁, z ₁), (x ₂, y ₂, z ₂) and (x ₃, y ₃, z ₃), through adjusted position coordinates be (x ' ₀, y ' ₀, z ' ₀), (x ' ₁, y ' ₁, z ' ₁), (x ' ₂, y ' ₂, z ' ₂) and (x ' ₃, y ' ₃, z ' ₃), then have

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_0^{\&prime;}=x_0+r\\ y_0^{\&prime;}=y_0+r\\ z_0^{\&prime;}=z_0\end{array}\right.$ $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_1^{\&prime;}=x_1-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="r\; y"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ y_{}^{}{}_1^{\&prime;}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="y"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}_1+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="r\; z"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ z_{}^{}{}_1^{\&prime;}=z_1\end{array}\right.$ $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_2^{\&prime;}=x_1-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r\; y"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ y_{}^{}{}_2^{\&prime;}=y_1-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r\; z"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ z_{}^{}{}_2^{\&prime;}=z_1\end{array}\right.$ $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_3^{\&prime;}=x_1+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="r\; y"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ y_{}^{}{}_3^{\&prime;}=y_1-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="r\; z"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ z_{}^{}{}_3^{\&prime;}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="z"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_1\end{array}\right.$

When n=5, be f by frequency ₀, f ₁, f ₂, f ₃And f ₄The position of the target determined of ultrasonic signal receiver be respectively (x ₀, y ₀, z ₀), (x ₁, y ₁, z ₁), (x ₂, y ₂, z ₂), (x ₃, y ₃, z ₃) and (x ₄, y ₄, z ₄), through adjusted position coordinates be (x ' ₀, y ' ₀, z ' ₀), (x ' ₁, y ' ₁, z ' ₁), (x ' ₂, y ' ₂, z ' ₂), (x ' ₃, y ' ₃, z ' ₃) and (x ' ₄, y ' ₄, z ' ₄), then have

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_0^{\&prime;}=x_0+\sqrt{2}r\\ y_0^{\&prime;}=y_0+\sqrt{2}r\\ z_0^{\&prime;}=z_0\end{array}\right.$ $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_1^{\&prime;}=x_1-\sqrt{2}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="r\; y"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ y_{}^{}{}_1^{\&prime;}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="y"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}_1+\sqrt{2}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="r\; z"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ z_{}^{}{}_1^{\&prime;}=z_1\end{array}\right.$ $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_2^{\&prime;}=x_1-\sqrt{2}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r\; y"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ y_{}^{}{}_2^{\&prime;}=y_1-\sqrt{2}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r\; z"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900041.png,HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ z_{}^{}{}_2^{\&prime;}=z_1\end{array}\right.$ $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_3^{\&prime;}=x_1+\sqrt{2}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="r\; y"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ y_{}^{}{}_3^{\&prime;}=y_1-\sqrt{2}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="r\; z"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}& \\ z_{}^{}{}_3^{\&prime;}=z_1\end{array}\right.$ $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_4^{\&prime;}=x_4\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="y"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}_4^{\&prime;}=y_4\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="z"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_4^{\&prime;}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="z"\; filenames="HSA00000347914900121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_4\end{array}\right.$

Among the embodiment that in above-mentioned Fig. 7 A, describes, between the wherein said different frequency ultrasonic signal receiver certain interval can be arranged, and point between them, linear, triangle or square profile also can obtain new distribution scheme by certain rotation and translation, and it does not break away from spirit of the present utility model and essential characteristic.

Fig. 7 B is used to illustrate according to the coordinate of different subspace of the present utility model unify demarcation scheme synoptic diagram.As shown in the figure, whole spatial division is M * N sub spaces, and a plurality of subspace adopts a unified cover coordinate system, and different subspaces is by label (i, j) unique expression, i≤M wherein, j≤N.In a specific embodiment, hypothetical target be positioned at the subspace (i, j), and the coordinate figure in its subspace coordinate system be (x, y z), are (x ', y ', z ') by the unified calibrated coordinate figure of coordinate then, and have:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}^{\&prime;}=x+i\&times;d\\ y^{\&prime;}=y+j\&times;d\\ z^{\&prime;}=z\end{array}\right.$

Wherein d represents the distribution length of side of subspace.

Claims (5)

1. ultrasonic tracing-positioning system of multiple goal on a large scale is characterized in that comprising:

Emitting module comprises a plurality of ultrasonic signal emitters, and each ultrasonic signal emitters is installed on the different target, is used for launching periodically ultrasonic signal;

Receiving unit comprises that a plurality of ultrasonic signals receive processing unit, is used for receiving and handling described ultrasonic signal emitters ultrasonic waves transmitted signal;

Calculate display unit, forms, be used for calculating also in real time display-object in three-dimensional position by USB and host computer 3D display server.

2. the ultrasonic tracing-positioning system of multiple goal on a large scale according to claim 1 is characterized in that, what the ultrasonic signal emitters that comprises in the emitting module was launched is the ultrasonic signal with different frequency or different time-gap characteristic.

3. the ultrasonic tracing-positioning system of multiple goal on a large scale according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the ultrasonic signal that comprises in the receiving unit receives processing unit and is made up of from the control unit 1 main control unit and 4, and it is main, from being the geometric distributions of certain rule between the control unit, main control unit with wherein two from the control cell distribution point-blank, with two other from the control cell distribution on another straight line, and main control unit be distributed on each straight line corresponding two from the position of control between the unit, main control unit is responsible for from the opening of control unit, and the ultrasonic signal of determining its place receives the whether chosen track and localization that is used for target of processing unit, be controlled by main control unit from the control unit, and and main control unit coordinate to finish the track and localization of target together; Preferred distribution scheme is a square profile, and promptly main control unit is distributed in foursquare center, from controlling cell distribution at foursquare four end points.

4. the ultrasonic tracing-positioning system of multiple goal on a large scale according to claim 3 is characterized in that forming ultrasound wave receiving sensor network by network topology.

5. the ultrasonic tracing-positioning system of multiple goal on a large scale according to claim 3, it is characterized in that main control unit and all comprise the ultrasonic signal receiver with different frequency characteristic of equal number from the control unit, and the distribution scheme in the master and slave control unit between the ultrasonic signal receiver of different frequency characteristic is identical, the frequency number that the system of setting up departments adopts is m, then master and slave control unit all comprises m the ultrasonic signal receiver with different frequency characteristic, and be a little between the different frequency ultrasonic signal receiver, linear, triangle or square profile.

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