CN201893879U - Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor and stereoscopic imaging system employing same - Google Patents
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor and stereoscopic imaging system employing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN201893879U CN201893879U CN2010206396620U CN201020639662U CN201893879U CN 201893879 U CN201893879 U CN 201893879U CN 2010206396620 U CN2010206396620 U CN 2010206396620U CN 201020639662 U CN201020639662 U CN 201020639662U CN 201893879 U CN201893879 U CN 201893879U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor and a stereoscopic imaging system employing the same. The CMOS image sensor comprises a photosensitive array, a row-column decoding unit, a pixel control and time sequence generating unit, an analog signal processing unit, an analog digital converting unit and a digital image processing and compositing unit. The digital image processing and compositing unit receives first digital audio-video data generated by the analog digital converting unit, the CMOS image sensor receives second digital audio-video data and corresponding synchronous signals from an external imaging device, the digital image processing and compositing unit responds to the synchronous signals and synthesizes the first digital audio-video data and the second digital audio-video data in order to obtain stereoscopic images. The CMOS image sensor and another CMOS image sensor which is conventional or is designed specifically form the stereoscopic imaging system.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relate generally to stereo imaging system, and relate more specifically to the stereo imaging system that constitutes by two cmos image sensors.
Background technology
Because people's eyes are at a distance of approximately 6-7 centimetre, two eyes are two differentiated slightly images seeing from different perspectives when seeing object, brain forms three-dimensional sensation with these two the synthetic backs of image with inspection, therefore saying that " stereo-picture " is popular is exactly to utilize people's binocular vision difference and light refraction principle to make people can directly see a width of cloth 3 dimensional drawing in a plane, things both can protrude from outside the picture in the picture, also can hide wherein deeply.Along with optics, microelectronics and development of computer,, multiple three-dimensional imaging and stereo display technique have been formed according to human eye " binocular parallax three-dimensional imaging " principle.Common way is, when shooting, make a video recording simultaneously with two camera lens imitation human eye binocular parallax three-dimensional imaging processes, store two width of cloth images that obtain then respectively, after the synthetic stereopsis that obtains of the data of this two width of cloth image is exported such as treatment facilities such as computers.
In the digital camera technology of present picture system, CMOS (CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) field effect transistor) imageing sensor is to develop novel faster imageing sensor in the last few years.Adopt the CMOS technology, image acquisition units and signal processing unit can be integrated into on the chip piece.Cmos image sensor has that volume is little, integrated level is high, low in energy consumption, antijamming capability strong and be easy to advantage such as control, so be widely used in the fields such as camera, scanner, video telephone, video conference and video monitoring.The eighties in 20th century, Univ Edinburgh UK has successfully produced first single chip CMOS image sensing device in the world.At present, cmos image sensor is widely used, and has the very strong market competitiveness and development prospect extensively.
Therefore, cmos image sensor can be used in the stereo imaging system, promptly catch image simultaneously with two cmos image sensors.But, when the existing C mos image sensor is used to take stereo-picture or video, because two imageing sensors are difficult to accomplish fully synchronously, usually need guarantee that left and right sides image takes simultaneously by the image control and treatment chip of outside, perhaps the shooting of left and right sides video is carried out synchronously, reaches best shooting effect with this.
In addition, after influencing about utilizing the irrelevant cmos sensor of existing independence to take respectively, need special software or hardware platform image to be handled the stereopsis output that obtains different-format, this will make the system configuration complexity, and manufacturing cost is increased, or can't obtain the stereopsis data in real time.
Summary of the invention
Target of the present utility model is the problem of two transducer Synchronization Control difficulties when solving with existing C mos image sensor shooting stereo image.Another target of the present utility model is to solve the problem that existing imageing sensor can't directly be exported stereopsis.
For realizing above-mentioned target, the utility model provides the cmos image sensor that is used for three-dimensional imaging, and described cmos image sensor comprises: photosensitive array, ranks decoding unit, pixel control and sequential generation unit, analogy signal processing unit, AD conversion unit and Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit.Described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit receive first digital image data that described AD conversion unit produces, and described cmos image sensor receives second digital image data and corresponding synchronizing signal from outside imaging device.Subsequently, described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit respond described synchronizing signal described first digital image data and described second digital image data are synthesized into stereopsis output.
In certain embodiments, described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit are implemented as and comprise Digital Image Processing module and stereopsis synthesis module.
In certain embodiments, described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit internal memory also.Described memory is used in described first digital image data of buffer memory and described second digital image data so that described first digital image data and described second digital image data are synchronous.
In certain embodiments, described cmos image sensor also comprises sub-control interface.Described sub-control interface is used for communicating by letter with described outside imaging device.Generally speaking, described outside imaging device also is a cmos image sensor, and it can be general cmos image sensor, also can be custom-designed cmos image sensor.
In certain embodiments, if the form of described second digital image data is different with the form of described first digital image data, then described first or second digital image data is carried out colour space transformation and make both form unanimities by described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit.
Cmos image sensor provided by the utility model can by red blue form, left and right sides form (side-by-side), point-to-point form (dot-by-dot) and frame by frame a kind of form in the form (frame-by-frame) produce stereopsis output.
The utility model also provides stereo imaging system, and this stereo imaging system comprises first cmos image sensor and second cmos image sensor.Described first cmos image sensor comprises photosensitive array, ranks decoding unit, pixel control and sequential generation unit, analogy signal processing unit, AD conversion unit and Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit.In use, described first cmos image sensor receives first digital image data that described AD conversion unit produces by described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit, and receives second digital image data and corresponding synchronizing signal from described second cmos image sensor.Described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit respond described synchronizing signal described first digital image data and described second digital image data are synthesized into stereopsis output.
In certain embodiments, described first cmos image sensor comprises Digital Image Processing module and stereopsis synthesis module in described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit.First and second cmos image sensors in the described stereo imaging system can shared described Digital Image Processing module.
In certain embodiments, described first cmos image sensor comprises memory in described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit, first cmos image sensor by one in described first digital image data of described memory buffer and described second digital image data so that described first digital image data and described second digital image data are synchronous.
In certain embodiments, described first cmos image sensor has sub-control interface, and described first cmos image sensor communicates by described sub-control interface and described second cmos image sensor.Communicate by described sub-control interface and to comprise that described first cmos image sensor transmits control signal to described second cmos sensor by described sub-control interface, described control signal can be used for the parameter that starts described second cmos image sensor and be used to be provided with described second cmos image sensor, for example time for exposure etc.Described second cmos image sensor sends described synchronizing signal by described sub-control interface to described first cmos sensor after producing described second digital image data, and described first cmos image sensor is adjusted to described second cmos image sensor based on described synchronizing signal and sent the time of described control signal so that described first digital image data and described second digital image data are synchronous.
In further embodiments, to the control of described first cmos image sensor with separate to the control of second cmos image sensor, i.e. not intercommunication and control the operation of these two cmos image sensors by same external equipment mutually between described first and second cmos image sensors is such as starting, reset etc.Only send digital image data and synchronizing signal to described first cmos image sensor by the described second cmos image sensor uniaxially.
Compared with prior art, the cmos image sensor that the utility model provides and use its stereo imaging system simple in structure, flexible operation, and image stationary problem about can solve three-dimensional imaging well the time.When using described stereo imaging system, can dispose corresponding stereopsis output format according to used display unit, Real Time Drive display unit or record stereopsis.Because integrated stereopsis complex functionality does not need the control processing circuit of external complexity, thereby can accomplish plug and play.Two cmos image sensors that constitute described stereo imaging system can form the relation of this master-slave equipment of class, thereby the structure of one of them cmos image sensor is simplified greatly, for example can save the Digital Image Processing module in a cmos image sensor therein, and the required whole signal of video signal of synthetic stereo image be handled by another cmos image sensor.In simplified apparatus, what this also helped the two-way signal of video signal saves memory space synchronously and significantly.
It should be noted that equipment provided by the utility model and system except exporting three-dimensional 3-dimensional image, also can export bidimensional image as required, easily realize the switching of bidimensional image and 3-dimensional image.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment method of the present utility model is described.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the cmos image sensor of routine;
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart according to cmos image sensor of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 illustrates the embodiment according to stereo imaging system of the present utility model; And
Fig. 4 a, 4b and 4c illustrate another embodiment according to stereo imaging system of the present utility model, wherein Fig. 4 a is the block diagram according to stereo imaging system of the present utility model, Fig. 4 b is the structured flowchart of cmos image sensor 2 wherein, and Fig. 4 c is the Digital Image Processing in wherein the cmos image sensor 1 and the structured flowchart of synthesis unit.
Embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present utility model, feature and advantage are become apparent more, the utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.Need to prove that each structure in the accompanying drawing is schematic rather than determinate, so that those of ordinary skills understand principle of the present utility model best, it is not necessarily drawn in proportion.
Fig. 1 shows the structured flowchart of conventional cmos image sensor 100.With reference to Fig. 1, cmos image sensor 100 comprises pixel control and sequential generation unit 11, ranks decoding unit 12, photosensitive array 13, analogy signal processing unit 14, AD conversion unit 15 and Digital Image Processing unit 16.In use, photoelectric effect takes place in ambient light irradiation photosensitive array 13, produces corresponding charge thus in pixel cell.Ranks decoding unit 12 as required, gating is gone pixel cell accordingly.The picture signal of row in the pixel cell is transferred to corresponding simulating signal processing unit 14 and AD conversion unit 15 by the signal bus of column separately, converts digital image data output to.The major function of analogy signal processing unit 14 is that signal is carried out processing and amplifying, and improves signal to noise ratio.In addition,, must comprise various control circuits in the general cmos image sensor chip, as time for exposure control, automatic gain control etc. in order to obtain up-to-standard practical imaging device.In order to make each several part circuit beat action in accordance with regulations in the chip, must use a plurality of timing control signals.For the ease of the application of imaging device, also require this chip can export some clock signals, as synchronous signal, start of line signal, an initial signal etc.These functions are generally all carried out in pixel control and sequential generation unit 11.
Usually, after the employing cmos image sensor carries out capture, usually the color picture signal of obtaining through color separation, obtain RGB behind the amplification correction respectively, obtain brightness signal Y and two color difference signal R-Y (being U), B-Y (being V) through matrixer again, last transmitting terminal is encoded brightness and three signals of aberration respectively, sends with same channel.The method for expressing of this color is exactly that so-called YUV color space is represented, also claims YcrCb.With regard to cmos image sensor 100, it obtains the signal of video signal of rgb format after carrying out analog-to-digital conversion, carries out the signal of video signal that colour space transformation is exported yuv format at last by Digital Image Processing unit 14 again.The importance that adopts the YUV color space is that its brightness signal Y is separated with carrier chrominance signal U, V.Do not have U, V signal component if having only the Y-signal component, the image of expression is exactly the black and white gray level image so like this.Adopt yuv space just in order to solve colored the demonstration and the compatible problem of white and black displays with brightness signal Y, make white and black displays equipment also can receive the chromatic image signal.Certainly, cmos image sensor 100 also can be exported the digital rgb signal as required, and not necessarily exports digital YUV signal.
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart according to cmos image sensor 200 of the present utility model.Be similar to cmos image sensor 100, cmos image sensor 200 also has pixel control and sequential generation unit 21, ranks decoding unit 22, photosensitive array 23, analogy signal processing unit 24 and AD conversion unit 15.In addition, cmos image sensor 200 also comprises Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit 26, can in this unit, realize Digital Image Processing unit 16 identical functions with cmos image sensor 100, more importantly, can in this unit, carry out any stereopsis synthetic technology well known in the prior art.On the one hand, described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit 26 receive the data of cmos image sensor 200 images that obtained own and it are carried out necessary processing from AD conversion unit 25.On the other hand, 26 pairs of cmos image sensors 200 of described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit receive another way word image data and handle from the outside, and this way word image data can be any form, comprises RGB and yuv format.Simultaneously, cmos image sensor 200 receives and the corresponding synchronizing signal of this another way word image data from the outside, and this synchronizing signal can for example indicate described unit can begin to receive external data corresponding to a frame image.Described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit 26 respond described synchronizing signals and receive the external digital image data, and according to required output format, described two paths of signals is synthetic.
Be similar to cmos image sensor 100, comprise also that according to cmos image sensor 200 of the present utility model the control register (not shown) operates to accept outside control information and to respond this control information.
Described another way word image data can come from outside imaging device, and preferably it also is a cmos image sensor.Described cmos image sensor 200 can easily be cooperated with another cmos image sensor and be obtained stereopsis output.Usually, this another cmos image sensor can be a cmos image sensor 100 as shown in Figure 1.In this case, cmos image sensor 100 and 200 can for example be subjected to the master control module controls of same portable terminal, order in response to this master control module is obtained the image of same target simultaneously substantially from different perspectives, thereby obtains the two-way digital image data.As mentioned above, cmos image sensor 100 is sent to Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit in the described cmos image sensor 200 with the digital image data of its generation, produce synthetic stereopsis output by cmos image sensor 200 at last, this will further specify in conjunction with Fig. 3 below.
In addition, described cmos image sensor 200 also can be cooperated with custom-designed cmos image sensor and be obtained stereopsis output.This custom-designed cmos image sensor can structurally be simplified greatly.In this case, for example the master control module controls of portable terminal can only be connected with described cmos image sensor 200 and transmit control signal to it.Sub-control interface (shown in the empty arrow among Fig. 2) can added on the described cmos image sensor 200, so that described cmos image sensor 200 can send control signal corresponding to described custom-designed cmos image sensor by this sub-control interface, and adjust this control signal according to its feedback.Described custom-designed cmos image sensor obtains image under the control of described cmos image sensor 200.Subsequently, produce synthetic stereopsis output by previous described process by cmos image sensor 200.Described sub-control interface can be any communication interface as known in the art, such as universal serial bus, does not need to implement these as signaling interface very fast.The stereo imaging system of such formation will be further specified in conjunction with Fig. 4 a-4c below.
In certain embodiments, the independently Digital Image Processing module and the stereopsis synthesis module that comprise of described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit 26.Preferably, described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit 26 comprise the memory (not shown), come synchronously for example two two field pictures with one in the described two-way digital image data of buffer memory.Because directly synthetic two paths of signals in cmos image sensor 200 has reduced many extra transmission and processing procedure, therefore improved greatly between the two paths of signals synchronously, thereby make that the memory capacity of this memory can be very little.Be no more than a frame under the worst condition, and generally only need the memory capacity of several rows data.
Fig. 3 illustrates the embodiment according to stereo imaging system of the present utility model.It should be noted, below to also having comprised in the description of system to explanation according to method of the present utility model, therefore for the sake of clarity no longer repeat explanation to method.System 10 has comprised cmos image sensor 1 and 2.Wherein, cmos image sensor 2 can be the cmos image sensor of commercially available any routine, and cmos image sensor 1 is according to imageing sensor of the present utility model, and it has the Digital Image Processing and the synthesis unit 36 that can directly obtain stereopsis output.In this embodiment, not intercommunication mutually only transmits digital image data and synchronizing signal by cmos image sensor 2 to cmos image sensor 1 between the cmos image sensor 1 and 2.
In use, the master control module (not shown) by for example portable set will write the control register of cmos image sensor 1 and 2 such as the control information of start-up time and time for exposure respectively.Described cmos image sensor 1 and 2 is arranged at a distance of approximately 6-7 centimetre, obtain left image by the cmos image sensor 1 described control information of response, and obtain right image, and separately the image that is obtained is handled by the described control signal of cmos image sensor 2 responses.Cmos image sensor 1 can be finished the priority that index signal is judged the digital image data that two imageing sensors produce according to synchronizing signal that is received and inner data thereof in its Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit 36, and the digital image data of finishing earlier is buffered in the described memory, to wait for the arrival of another way word image data.Then, synthetic in Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit 36 through synchronous two-way digital image data.So-called synthetic, the order that is about to the two-way digital image data is adjusted into and meets specific output format requirement.Common stereopsis output format comprises red blue form, left and right sides form, point-to-point form or form frame by frame.If do not require the output stereopsis, also can directly export bidimensional image.
In this process, Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit 36 can also be judged the form of the digital image data that receives from cmos image sensor 2.For example, transducer 2 directly is sent to transducer 1 with the rgb signal of its AD conversion unit output, and transducer 1 has produced the signal of yuv format, and then this Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit 36 can utilize its Digital Image Processing function rgb signal to be carried out that colour space transformation makes both unanimities so that the output of compound stereoscopic image.
In stereo imaging system 10, because by one in two cmos image sensors directly output stereopsis output, thereby avoided many unnecessary signal transmission and treatment step, made that the net synchronization capability between the signal is better, more direct and flexible to Signal Processing.Make that also the structure of stereo imaging system is simple more compact, be beneficial to the design of miniaturization.
Fig. 4 a, 4b and 4c illustrate another embodiment according to stereo imaging system of the present utility model.In this embodiment, the cmos image sensor 2 in the stereo imaging system 20 is custom-designed cmos image sensors, and its structure is greatly simplified, and this is illustrated in Fig. 4 b.Cmos image sensor 1 is according to cmos image sensor of the present utility model, and it has the sub-control interface of communicating by letter with outside imaging device, thereby can send control information to cmos image sensor 2, and from its receiving feedback signals.
In use, the master control module (not shown) by for example portable set will write the control register of cmos image sensor 1 such as the control information of start-up time and time for exposure.Cmos image sensor 1 generates the corresponding control information that is used for cmos image sensor 2 according to the control information of being received in pixel control and sequential generation unit 41.In some cases, the performance parameter of cmos image sensor 2 that can prestore in the control register of cmos image sensor 1 is so that produce suitable control information.More preferably, cmos image sensor 1 can utilize the feedback signal of cmos image sensor 2 to adjust the control information that sends to transducer 2.For instance, transducer 1 sends starting command and waits for synchronizing signal that transducer 2 sends back and the data of inside are finished index signal to transducer 2 immediately after receiving outside starting command.Finish index signal based on synchronizing signal and internal data, transducer 1 can be judged two delays between the transducer, thereby can correspondingly shift to an earlier date or hysteresis when transducer 2 sends starting command in next time.By such operation, can realize highly beneficially between the operation of two transducers synchronously, thereby reduce needed memory span greatly, particularly under the situation that the image analytic degree of transducer improves.Other image-forming steps of stereo imaging system 20 are with identical with reference to the described cardinal principle of Fig. 3, for the sake of brevity not in this repetition.
The example 500 of cmos image sensor 2 has been shown in Fig. 4 b.Be different from conventional cmos image sensor, this transducer 500 has been removed the Digital Image Processing unit, only produces the digital image data of rgb format by AD conversion unit 55.A kind of realization according to Digital Image Processing in the cmos image sensor 1 of the present utility model and synthesis unit 46 has been shown in Fig. 4 c.It has independently Digital Image Processing module and stereopsis synthesis module, and has memory.When constituting stereo imaging system with the transducer 500 shown in Fig. 4 b, the Digital Image Processing module of these two transducers shown in can shared Fig. 4 c, thus provide cost savings greatly.According to actual needs, this Digital Image Processing module can all be transformed into the YUV color space with two-way digital rgb signal, perhaps directly exports the digital rgb signal and does not change.
In stereo imaging system 20, owing to directly control another transducer by a transducer in two cmos image sensors, thereby improved the synchronism of two transducer operations greatly, be very beneficial for three-dimensional imaging, promptly can save the convenience that cost has also improved image quality and operation greatly.In addition, the stereo imaging system of Gou Chenging can easily be realized modularization like this, can be embedded into easily in the various imaging devices because interface is simple.
Should be noted that above embodiment is only in order to explanation the technical solution of the utility model but not limit it.Although the utility model is had been described in detail with reference to above-mentioned embodiment; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; still can make amendment or the part technical characterictic is equal to embodiment of the present utility model and replace and do not break away from essence of the present utility model, it all be encompassed in the scope that the utility model asks for protection.
Claims (12)
1. cmos image sensor that is used for three-dimensional imaging, described cmos image sensor comprises photosensitive array, ranks decoding unit, pixel control and sequential generation unit, analogy signal processing unit and AD conversion unit, it is characterized in that, described cmos image sensor also comprises Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit, wherein
Described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit receive first digital image data that described AD conversion unit produces, and described cmos image sensor receives second digital image data and corresponding synchronizing signal from outside imaging device; And
Described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit respond described synchronizing signal described first digital image data and described second digital image data are synthesized into stereopsis output.
2. cmos image sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit comprise Digital Image Processing module and stereopsis synthesis module.
3. cmos image sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit also comprise be used for described first digital image data of buffer memory and described second digital image data one so that described first digital image data and the synchronous memory of described second digital image data.
4. cmos image sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described cmos image sensor also comprises and is used for the sub-control interface of communicating by letter with described outside imaging device.
5. cmos image sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the output of wherein said stereopsis is configured to red blue form, left and right sides form, point-to-point form and a kind of form in the form frame by frame.
6. stereo imaging system, described stereo imaging system comprises first cmos image sensor, described first cmos image sensor comprises photosensitive array, ranks decoding unit, pixel control and sequential generation unit, analogy signal processing unit, AD conversion unit, described stereo imaging system also comprises second cmos image sensor, it is characterized in that described first cmos image sensor comprises Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit, wherein
Described first cmos image sensor receives first digital image data that described AD conversion unit produces in described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit, and receives second digital image data and corresponding synchronizing signal from described second cmos image sensor; And
Described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit respond described synchronizing signal described first digital image data and described second digital image data are synthesized into stereopsis output.
7. stereo imaging system as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described first cmos image sensor comprises Digital Image Processing module and stereopsis synthesis module in described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit.
8. stereo imaging system as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the shared described Digital Image Processing module of wherein said first and second cmos image sensors.
9. stereo imaging system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that wherein said first cmos image sensor comprises be used for described first digital image data of buffer memory and described second digital image data one so that described first digital image data and the synchronous memory of described second digital image data in described Digital Image Processing and synthesis unit.
10. stereo imaging system as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, wherein said first cmos image sensor has and is used for the sub-control interface that communicates with described second cmos image sensor.
11. stereo imaging system as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, wherein said first cmos image sensor and described second cmos image sensor are connected to common control appliance.
12. stereo imaging system as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the output of wherein said stereopsis is configured to by red blue form, left and right sides form, point-to-point form and a kind of form in the form frame by frame.
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