A kind of device of pulverized coal injection in blast furnace
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the ironmaking technology field, relates to furnace coal spraying technology, especially relates to a kind of device of pulverized coal injection in blast furnace.
Background technology
As everyone knows, the existing method of pulverized coal injection in blast furnace is: on the belly pipe in each air port, 1 or 2 spray guns roughly are 10~13 ° angle oblique cutting with the belly pipe medullary ray with its medullary ray go into belly pipe, spray gun is exposed to the outer end of pipe to enter the mouth as coal powder injection, coal dust directly sprays into belly pipe through this inlet, enters blast furnace again through the air port with hot blast afterwards.The method of this coal injection, caused following problem:
(1) the coal dust input angle is little, is retrained by the high speed hot-air flow, with hot blast undercompounding.Angle between existing pulverized coal gun and belly pipe is very little, and generally, for preventing the air port of wearing and tearing, all little curved certain angle centering adjustment of gun head is in the hope of the input angle and the belly pipe medullary ray keeping parallelism of actual coal powder injection; Simultaneously, coal dust mostly is 18~30m/s from the initial velocity of spray gun ejection, and the speed of hot blast is higher than more than the 200m/s, so, the kinetic energy that coal dust had is little, velocity reversal is almost consistent with hot blast, cause coal dust to be difficult to penetrate hot blast stream thigh and spread, the undercompounding of coal dust and hot blast, this is the one of the main reasons that causes current blast furnace injection rate of pulverized coal combustion low.
(2) spray gun is long, the life-span is short.As everyone knows, spray gun is a stainless steel tube that reaches more than the 2m, in the hot blast of 1150~1300 ℃ of temperature, and life-span less than 3 months.Especially under high oxygen enrichment situation, life-span even less than 10 days need frequently to change the use cost height.
(3) rifle head position can't be fixed, and causes the air port wearing and tearing.For convenient plug in rifle operation, must open larger-diameter plug in rifle hole on the belly pipe, especially when gun head is had a mind to bending.This provides the possibility on the space for rifle head change in location.When running into repeated use or making offending spray gun, be difficult to the rifle head is inserted into the optimum position.Simultaneously, in normal productive process,, conditions in damaged such as natural torsion can occur,, also can depart from process of production even therefore the rifle head has been inserted into the optimum position because the rifle head length phase is born high temperature and oxidation.This shows that the method for existing coal injection can't accurately be located rifle head position, and has unstable, this is the immediate cause that causes the air port wearing and tearing.Rely on artificial inspection and adjustment, can only alleviate the generation of air port wear pattern, but can not fundamentally stop the air port wearing and tearing.
(4) the belly pipe heat radiation is big, the life-span is short.Under existing coal dust mode, Small angle is plugged in rifle and is caused the intersection of plugging in rifle hole and the anti-material of belly pipe very long; And plug in the rifle position is at belly pipe outlet position, and anti-herein material is the weakest, add to increase opening diameter, these factors all havoc the globality of the anti-material of belly pipe liner.For overcoming anti-material weakness, must increase protective casing, make shell dimension increase again, surface-area increases, and heat lost by radiation is big.So under existing coal powder injection mode, belly pipe not only dispels the heat greatly, and the life-span is short.
(5) be difficult to use oxygen coal gun, hindered the coal powder injection technical progress.The oxygen coal gun technology enjoys attention, its reason is: from the combustion reactions angle, only need produce the high oxygen-enriched environment that the part helps coal dust firing, just can realize the expected result of few oxygen enrichment big coal injection, can reduce pig iron cost significantly, thereby change existing uneconomic technical development pattern of in hot blast, carrying out high oxygen enrichment.But regrettably, the method oxygen supply coal sling of existing coal injection has come fatal life problems, makes this simple technique can't obtain the reliability of production practice so far, and various useful trials all can not be accepted by the producer.Its reason is: under existing condition of plugging in the rifle operation, oxygen coal gun can only use metallic substance manufacturing, and under the hot environment of the local hyperoxia voltinism of its formation, the oxidized speed of oxygen coal gun is significantly accelerated, and shorten work-ing life greatly; Although sfgd. of slowing down oxidation rate of all kinds is employed, oxygen coal gun be eventually because of using non-metal stupalith manufacturing, can't satisfy the requirement of hyperoxia voltinism hot environment of own manufacturing and fall through.This is tantamount to hinder the coal powder injection development of technology.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to propose a kind ofly to adopt that many short spray guns, big input angle, spray gun are accurately located, the belly pipe heat radiation is little and the life-span long, the device of the coal injection of employing ceramic material nozzle, to eliminate the various defectives of above-mentioned prior art.
A kind of device of pulverized coal injection in blast furnace, it is made up of belly pipe, short spray gun, mount pad, ball valve, locking gear, defeated coal arm, divider, small ball, coal chute, inlet web member at least, wherein: three spray gun mount pads are set on the belly pipe at least, and each mount pad all is welded on the belly pipe housing; Each short spray gun passes ball valve respectively, locking gear inserts in the mount pad, and locked device is fixed and sealed; The head of every short spray gun all stretches in the belly pipe, and its end is exposed to outside the locking gear, for being exposed to the part in the atmosphere; The coal powder injection hole that is provided with on every short spray gun tube wall aligns the winding-up inlet of being opened each mount pad side; On each winding-up inlet, a defeated coal arm has been installed, each defeated coal arm all links to each other with a divider; Divider links to each other with at least one small ball by coal chute; Behind small ball, connected a coal powder entrance web member by coal chute, realize pipeline connection with existing breeze blowing system by its.
Above-mentioned short spray gun is exposed to the part in the atmosphere, do not link to each other with defeated coal arm, and be to be in by sealed condition; Be in the part that is sealed in the mount pad, have the coal powder injection hole of wearing wall on its tube wall.
Above-mentioned short spray gun is exposed to the part in the atmosphere, can link to each other with the pipe of delivering oxygen, and oxygen is to send to outlet by the tubule that is built in the short spray gun.
Above-mentioned short spray gun total length is roughly 1m, and its head is high temperature resistant, an oxidation resistant ceramic nozzle, and its length is roughly 200mm.
All be provided with the hole of two connections on each above-mentioned mount pad, wherein: the outer face of plugging in the rifle hole has connected ball valve and locking gear, and the winding-up inlet that is communicated with it links to each other with carrying arm; The medullary ray of plugging in the rifle hole points to the belly pipe medullary ray, and angle that the two intersects or space angle are more than or equal to 30 °, and the utility model is preferably 40 °; The medullary ray and the basic keeping parallelism of belly pipe outer contour of winding-up inlet, and crossing with the medullary ray in plug in rifle hole.
Above-mentioned ball valve is mounted between locking gear and the mount pad.After short spray gun inserts mount pad, fix and seal by locking gear.After short spray gun is extracted, the plug in rifle hole of mount pad is airtight by ball valve.When needs were disclosed stifled air port, releasable lock was decided to move after device will be lacked spray gun, and this contracts ceramic nozzle to be able to the belly pipe passage of anti-the material protected.During the ordinary production, need not to take out short spray gun.In the time must changing ceramic nozzle, releasable lock is decided to extract short spray gun behind the device, closes ball valve.Generally, lack when spray gun is installed with belly pipe and load and unload.
Each above-mentioned mount pad, the medullary ray in its plug in rifle hole intersects at a point on the belly pipe medullary ray jointly when being overlapping relation, and being when space angle concerns is the circle that projection on belly pipe medullary ray vertical cross-section is tangential on same minor diameter.
Above-mentioned short spray gun and mount pad are provided with the mating surface that can be in contact with one another at the outer tube wall and the plug in rifle hole path inwall of lacking spray gun.
Above-mentioned belly pipe is a belly pipe with coal dust pre-burning function that adopts, and its front end is a premix burner, and this premix burner has the water-cooling structure housing, and its exit diameter is less than the air port inlet diameter.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
(1) the utility model adopts the design of multi-port, big incident angle, has strengthened the heat and mass condition of coal dust and hot-air chamber.According to two fluid streams blended universal laws, coal dust sprays into the mixture strength behind the gas phase hot blast, depend primarily on current difference, spout quantity and spray angle etc., therefore, preferred 3 spouts of the utility model, incident angle are 40 °, than 1~2 spray gun of prior art, 10~13 ° of incident angles remarkable change is arranged, this will significantly strengthen the heat and mass of coal dust and hot-air chamber.In addition, the utility model is when adopting short spray gun vertical cross-section to be projected as the tangent circles layout, the coal dust of being jetted will be made rotational flow around the belly pipe medullary ray, this will increase the residence time of coal dust in belly pipe and air port, great simultaneously reinforcement coal dust mixes with hot-air chamber, and its result significantly improves the rate of combustion of coal dust.
(2) nozzle adopts the stupalith manufacturing, has spacing measure, can accurately locate.The spray gun that the utility model adopts is very short, incident angle is big, therefore, be exposed to the nozzle segment in the hot blast, its length shortens significantly, add upper spray nozzle and adopt ceramic material to be subjected to that high temperature is indeformable, not crooked, long service life, this provides possibility for nozzle keeps the accurate resetting of factory under creating conditions, and this will make the hybrid mode of coal dust and hot blast have circulation ratio.Therefore, can obtain predictable injecting mixed optimum according to experimental study and numerical simulation calculation.This has fundamentally overcome the defective of existing injection method, the uncertain problem of spray gun rifle head no longer occurs, makes the coal powder injection operation need not personnel and day and night makes an inspection tour and adjust.Practice according to prior art shows no matter existing spray gun adopts spraying or ceramic embedded material, all can improve its work-ing life, and therefore, the nozzle that the utility model adopts adopts ceramic material fully, and its life-span is improved.
(3) improve life-span of belly pipe, reduced heat lost by radiation.The plug in rifle position that the utility model proposes has retreated to the belly pipe middle part, and apart from the above length of at least one air port passage of existing position, the thickness of anti-the material is more than 1 times of the existing position thickness of anti-the material herein; Because the spray gun that the utility model adopts significantly shortens; need not to increase plug in rifle bore dia; reduced simultaneously the length of plug in rifle hole and the intersection of anti-the material at double; these factors all can reduce inserts the destruction of rifle hole to anti-material globality; add to need not to increase protective casing, reduced the area of dissipation of belly pipe, therefore; the utility model can significantly improve the life-span of belly pipe, reduces heat lost by radiation.
(4) based on above-mentioned (2) described reason, spray into mixing of coal dust and hot-air chamber in the belly pipe, can study by experiment with the numerical simulation calculation mode and be determined, and has a property consistent from beginning to end, therefore, can design fully and produce the nozzle placement optimised form that coal dust does not contact with the air port, thereby fundamentally eliminate the hard nut to crack in coal powder injection wearing and tearing air port.The utility model has also used the belly pipe technology of band preheat function, and its small-bore premix burner outlet also is intended to eliminate the wearing and tearing of coal dust to the air port.
(5) be suitable for the application of oxygen coal gun, can further promote the coal powder injection technical progress.The oxygen coal gun that the utility model proposes, its nozzle is a ceramic material, make oxygen coal gun can satisfy the service requirements of the high temperature hyperoxia voltinism environment of himself making, simultaneously, the oxygen coal gun that the utility model proposes is to carry out oxygen enrichment at the center of coal thigh, can effectively slow down the temperature of nozzle exit, prolong the work-ing life of nozzle, also can improve the combustion position at coal thigh center simultaneously.Therefore, the utility model can further promote the coal powder injection development of technology.
(6) nozzle is replaceable, and the convenient coal powder injection parameter of adjusting realizes the optimization coal powder injection.The spray gun that the utility model uses is a subassembly, and its nozzle length is 200mm roughly, is the accessory of retrofit, and the precision height, cost is low, replacing is convenient.Can make things convenient for it to adjust the nozzle parameter simultaneously with the adjustment of blast-furnace tuyere bore parameter.For satisfying the requirement that blast furnace uses various different crude fuels, at the scene on practice summary and the laboratory test basis, determine and revise these parameters.This is for realization becomes more meticulous, the optimization coal powder injection provides real possibility.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is Fig. 2 A-C-A cross sectional view, is the utility model example structure synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the B-B cross section left view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is spray gun and mount pad partial enlarged drawing, and spray gun is the oxygen enrichment spray gun among the figure.
Fig. 4 is tangential on the B-B cross section left view of same minor diameter bowlder for each plug in rifle centerline hole space.
In figure, 1 is the air port, and 2 is premix burner, and 3 is belly pipe, and 4 are short spray gun, and 41 is ceramic nozzle, and 5 is mount pad; 6 are the winding-up inlet, and 7 are the coal powder injection hole, and 8 is mating surface, and 9 is ball valve, and 10 is locking gear, and 11 are defeated coal arm, and 12 is divider, and 13 is coal chute, and 14 is small ball, 15 inlet web members, and 16 is that oxygen coal gun, 17 is tubule, 18 are the tangent line circle.
Embodiment
As shown in figures 1 and 3, a kind of device of pulverized coal injection in blast furnace, it is made up of belly pipe 3, short spray gun 4, mount pad 5, ball valve 9, locking gear 10, defeated coal arm 11, divider 12, small ball 14, coal chute 13, inlet web member 15 at least, wherein: three spray gun mount pads 5 are set on the belly pipe 3 at least, and each mount pad 5 all is welded on belly pipe 3 housings; Each short spray gun 4 passes ball valve 9 respectively, locking gear 10 inserts in the mount pad 5, locked device 10 fixing and sealings; The head of every short spray gun 4 all stretches in the belly pipe 3, and its end is exposed to outside the locking gear 10, for being exposed to the part in the atmosphere; The coal powder injection hole 7 that is provided with on every short spray gun 4 tube wall aligns the winding-up inlet of opening each mount pad 5 side 6; On each winding-up inlet 6, a defeated coal arm 11 has been installed, each defeated coal arm 11 all links to each other with a divider 12; Divider 12 links to each other with at least one small ball 14 by coal chute 13; Behind small ball 14, connected a coal powder entrance web member 15 by coal chute 13, realize pipeline connection with existing breeze blowing system by its.
As shown in Figure 1, above-mentioned short spray gun 4 is exposed to the part in the atmosphere, do not link to each other with defeated coal arm 11, and be to be in by sealed condition; Be in the part that is sealed in the mount pad 5, have the coal powder injection hole 7 of wearing wall on its tube wall.
As shown in Figure 3, above-mentioned short spray gun 4 is exposed to the part in the atmosphere, can link to each other with the pipe of delivering oxygen, and oxygen is to send to outlet by the tubule 17 that is built in the short spray gun 4, and at this moment short spray gun 4 is oxygen coal guns 16.
As shown in figures 1 and 3, above-mentioned short spray gun 4 total lengths are roughly 1m, and its head is high temperature resistant, an oxidation resistant ceramic nozzle 41, and its length is roughly 200mm.[0013] as shown in Figure 3, all be provided with two communicating apertures on each above-mentioned mount pad 5, wherein: the outer face of plugging in the rifle hole has connected ball valve 9 and locking gear 10, and the winding-up inlet 6 that is communicated with it links to each other with carrying arm; The medullary ray of plugging in the rifle hole points to belly pipe 3 medullary rays, and the two angle or space angle that intersects is preferably 40 ° more than or equal to 30 ° of the utility model; The medullary ray and the basic keeping parallelism of belly pipe 3 outer contours of winding-up inlet 6, and crossing with the medullary ray in plug in rifle hole.
As shown in Figure 3, above-mentioned ball valve 9 is mounted between locking gear 10 and the mount pad 5.After short spray gun 4 inserts mount pad 5, by locking gear 10 fixing and sealings.After short spray gun 4 is extracted, the plug in rifle hole of mount pad 5 is airtight by ball valve 9.When needs were disclosed stifled air port 1, releasable lock was decided to move after device 10 will be lacked spray gun 4, and this contracts ceramic nozzle 41 to be able to belly pipe 3 passages of anti-the material protected.During the ordinary production, need not to take out short spray gun 4.In the time must changing ceramic nozzle 41, releasable lock is decided to extract short spray gun 4 behind the device 10, closes ball valve 9.Load and unload when generally, lacking spray gun 4 with belly pipe 3 installations.
As shown in Figure 2, each above-mentioned mount pad 5, the medullary ray in its plug in rifle hole intersects at a point on belly pipe 3 medullary rays jointly when being overlapping relation, being when space angle concerns is the tangent line circle 18 that projection on belly pipe 3 medullary ray vertical cross-sections is tangential on same minor diameter.
As shown in Figure 3, above-mentioned short spray gun 4 and mount pad 5 are provided with the mating surface 8 that can be in contact with one another at the outer tube wall and the plug in rifle hole path inwall of lacking spray gun 4.
As shown in Figure 1, above-mentioned belly pipe 3 is belly pipes with coal dust pre-burning function that adopt, and its front end is a premix burner 2, and this premix burner 2 has the water-cooling structure housing, and its exit diameter is less than air port 1 inlet diameter.
In Fig. 1, air port 1 is the prior art content, non-the utility model technology contents.Figure of description 1 is a Figure of abstract.