CN201868814U - Adjustable galloping prevention conductor spacer - Google Patents

Adjustable galloping prevention conductor spacer Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN201868814U
CN201868814U CN2010205041236U CN201020504123U CN201868814U CN 201868814 U CN201868814 U CN 201868814U CN 2010205041236 U CN2010205041236 U CN 2010205041236U CN 201020504123 U CN201020504123 U CN 201020504123U CN 201868814 U CN201868814 U CN 201868814U
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
conductor spacer
adjustable plate
conductor
adjustable
hole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
CN2010205041236U
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
牛海军
朱宽军
李新民
刘彬
李军辉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Original Assignee
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI filed Critical China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Priority to CN2010205041236U priority Critical patent/CN201868814U/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN201868814U publication Critical patent/CN201868814U/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Abstract

The utility model relates to an adjustable galloping prevention conductor spacer. The conductor spacer comprises subsidiary conductor spacers mounted at two ends of a composite insulator; each subsidiary conductor spacer comprises a conductor spacer main body and conductor grips distributed on an outer ring of the conductor spacer main body, a cross beam is arranged on an inner ring of the conductor spacer main body, the middle position of the cross beam corresponds to one of the conductor grips, and positioning holes are symmetrically formed on the plane of the cross beam by taking the axis of the conductor grip as the center; and the conductor spacer main bodies are connected with two ends of the composite insulator through distance-adjustable connecting parts. The space-adjustable connecting parts serving as connecting hardware fittings can not only achieve stepless adjustment of interphase space of a conductor, but also make up the mistakes of sag installation of the conductor. The adjustable galloping prevention conductor spacer has the advantages of safety, reliability, convenience in installation, wide application range and the like.

Description

A kind of adjustable anti-dance conductor spacer
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of field of overhead power transmission lines, relates in particular to a kind of adjustable anti-dance conductor spacer.
Background technology
It is the thorny problem that the transmission line safe and stable operation in serious threat that ice coated on overhead transmission line conductor is waved always.When wire icing is waved, different wave, the random vibration of out of phase can appear in each phase conductor, very easily take place alternate or air breakdown flashover phenomenon (especially compact transmission line) relatively, wave the serious accident that overlong time can cause transmission line hardware, lead wire and earth wire, shaft tower etc. to damage, the safe operation of waving to transmission line has brought very big harm.
The supporting connection gold utensil of existing inter-phase spacer can only be realized the adjusting of several length, can not realize step-less adjustment, and should connect gold utensil adopts the bulb ball-and-socket mostly when connecting insulator connected mode, occur the phenomenon that bulb comes off easily in that circuit is in service, aspect construction, have potential safety hazard.For example, notification number is that the Chinese utility model patent of CN201243187Y discloses a kind of adjustable lead inter-phase spacer, be provided with adjustable plate and connecting plate between this conductor spacer and the insulator end gold utensil, by adjusting the fixed position that adjustable plate raises knothole, can adapt to and remedy lead sag installation errors, but connecting gold utensil, this kind adopt the structure of adjustment hole, so on regulating, still the blind area can occur, in the time need finely tuning the alternate spacing of lead, this conductor spacer still can't be competent at like this; In addition, connecting plate adopts ball pivot to be connected with insulator in this structure, because connecting, ball pivot has only one degree of freedom, fail safe is relatively poor, the phenomenon that bulb comes off appears when circuit moves easily, therefore exigence those skilled in the art develop and aly both can adapt to and remedy lead sag installation errors, the alternate spacing of sub-conductor is carried out stepless adjustment, and the new type of adjustable inter-phase spacer that has high security again is with connecting gold utensil.
The utility model content
In order to overcome the defective of prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of simple in structure and adjustable anti-dance conductor spacer that can carry out stepless adjustment to the alternate spacing of sub-conductor.
The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of adjustable anti-dance conductor spacer, comprise the sub-lead spacer that is installed in the composite insulator two ends, this sub-lead spacer comprises the conductor spacer body and is distributed in the wire clamp of its outer ring, it is characterized in that: the inner ring of described conductor spacer body is provided with a crossbeam, the centre position of described crossbeam is corresponding with one of them wire clamp, axis with this wire clamp is that the center is arranged with location hole on the plane of crossbeam, but described conductor spacer body is connected by the span-adjustable connector with the two ends of composite insulator.
Wherein, but described span-adjustable connector comprises the herringbone connecting plate, adjustable plate I and adjustable plate II, the middle part of described two connecting plates is connected with composite insulator respectively, the two ends of each connecting plate are a hinged adjustable plate I respectively, described adjustable plate I is provided with microscler adjustment hole, be connected with an adjustable plate II on per two adjustable plate I and the two is meshed by tooth bar, described adjustable plate II is provided with the corresponding installing hole I with location hole I, location hole I on the described crossbeam, installing hole I on adjustment hole on the adjustable plate I and the adjustable plate II is connected by bolt, and the length of described adjustment hole is at least the length of 1/2 adjustable plate I.
Wherein, an end of described composite insulator and a plate by the right angle link plate be connected, its other end and another connecting plate be connected by ZBD type link plate.
Wherein, described composite insulator each side is equipped with a grading ring.
Wherein, described adjustable plate I is the vertical bar shape, and described adjustable plate II is flat U-shaped, is provided with tooth bar on the one side of adjustable plate I, is respectively equipped with a tooth bar that is meshed with two adjustable plate I on two arms of adjustable plate II.
Wherein, the centre position of described crossbeam is corresponding with a wire clamp that is distributed in conductor spacer body outer ring, axis with this wire clamp is that the center is arranged with location hole II on the plane of conductor spacer body, be provided with the corresponding installing hole II with location hole II on adjustable plate II, the location hole II on the described conductor spacer body, the adjustment hole on the adjustable plate I and the installing hole II on the adjustable plate II are connected by bolt.
Wherein, crimping one tensioning apparatus on the described conductor spacer body, the lower end of this tensioning apparatus is adjacent to mutually with the top of adjustable plate I after passing location hole II on location hole I and the conductor spacer body on the crossbeam.
Wherein, the main body of described tensioning apparatus is flat U-shaped, the lower end of this main body be provided with crossbeam on location hole I and the corresponding hollow form boss of the location hole II on the conductor spacer body, each boss inserts among corresponding positioning hole I or the location hole II, this main body is provided with the through hole that is connected with boss.
Wherein, be provided with rubber blanket between described tensioning apparatus and the conductor spacer body.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
1) conductor spacer of the present utility model is by changing the tooth bar position of engagement on two strip adjustable plates, realize the adjustment of the alternate spacing of sub-conductor, not only can adapt to and remedy lead sag installation errors very easily, can also carry out any fine setting, coarse adjustment to the alternate spacing of sub-conductor, adjustment realizes the step-less adjustment of sub-conductor spacing apart from non-blind area;
2) adopt the right angle link plate to be connected with ZBD type link plate between connecting plate of the present utility model and the insulator, replaced existing bulb ball-and-socket connected mode, this syndeton has promptly guaranteed the flexibility of rotating, and has also solved the problem that bulb comes off, and fail safe is better;
3) the utility model composite insulator a grading ring each side is installed, guaranteed that anti-dance conductor spacer of the present utility model has good all pressures characteristic;
4) the utility model crimping one tensioning apparatus on sub-lead spacer has increased the contact area between connecting bolt and the sub-lead spacer, makes that whole conductor spacer structure is more firm, fail safe is better;
5) conductor spacer compact overall structure of the present utility model has advantages such as fitting operation is convenient, applied widely.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of sub-lead spacer;
Fig. 2 is the syndeton schematic diagram of adjustable plate I, adjustable plate II and connecting plate, and wherein Fig. 2 a is the front view of adjustable plate I, and Fig. 2 b is the vertical view of Fig. 2 a;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of tensioning apparatus, and wherein Fig. 3 a is the front view of tensioning apparatus, and Fig. 3 b is the vertical view of Fig. 3 a, and Fig. 3 c is the left view of Fig. 3 a;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of right angle link plate, and wherein Fig. 4 a is the front view of right angle link plate, and Fig. 4 b is the end view of Fig. 4 a;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of ZBD type link plate, and wherein Fig. 5 a is the front view of ZBD type link plate, and Fig. 5 b is the end view of Fig. 5 a;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of grading ring, and wherein Fig. 6 a is the front view of grading ring, and Fig. 6 b is the end view of Fig. 6 a;
Fig. 7 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the utility model conductor spacer;
Fig. 8 is the A-A cutaway view among Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the B-B cutaway view among Fig. 7;
Wherein, 1-conductor spacer body, 2-wire clamp, 3-crossbeam, 4a-location hole I, 4b-location hole II, 5-connecting plate, 6-adjustable plate I, the 7-adjustment hole, 8-adjustable plate II, 9-tooth bar, 10a-installing hole I, 10b-installing hole II, 11-bolt, 12-composite insulator, 13-right angle link plate, 14-ZBD type link plate, 15-grading ring, 16 tensioning apparatus, 17-boss, the 18-through hole, 19-rubber blanket, 20a-earhole I, 20b-earhole II.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing anti-dance conductor spacer of the present utility model is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 7, the overhead transmission line in this example is that example describes with adjustable anti-dance conductor spacer with six division conductor spacers, but this anti-dance conductor spacer comprises composite insulator 12 and is installed in the sub-lead spacer at composite insulator two ends by the span-adjustable connector.
As shown in Figure 1, this sub-lead spacer mainly is made up of a hexagon conductor spacer body 1 and six wire clamps 2 that are distributed on six angles, conductor spacer body outer ring, the inner ring of conductor spacer body 1 is provided with a crossbeam 3, the centre position of crossbeam 3 is corresponding with one of them wire clamp 2, is that the center is being arranged with two location hole I 4a and is arranged with two location hole II4b on the plane of conductor spacer body 1 on the plane of crossbeam 3 with the axis of this wire clamp 2.
Shown in Fig. 2 a, 2b, but each span-adjustable connector mainly is made of two adjustable plate I6, an adjustable plate II8 and a connecting plate 5.Adjustable plate I6 is the vertical bar shape, and the one side of adjustable plate I6 is provided with on tooth bar 9 and its and offers a microscler adjustment hole 7, and the length of this adjustment hole is at least the length of 1/2 adjustable plate I, that is: the length of this adjustment hole more preferably greater than or equal the length of 1/2 adjustable plate I6.Adjustable plate II8 is flat U-shaped, is respectively equipped with a tooth bar 9 that is meshed with two adjustable plate I on its two arm, and adjustable plate II8 is provided with the corresponding installing hole I10a of location hole I4a and is provided with the corresponding installing hole II10b with location hole II4b.The end of two adjustable plate I6 is hinged with the two ends of connecting plate 5 respectively.After being meshed, adjustable plate I and adjustable plate II be connected between the upper and lower layer of conductor spacer body 1 crimping one tensioning apparatus 16 on the upper strata of conductor spacer body 1.
Shown in Fig. 3 a-3c, the main body of tensioning apparatus 16 is flat U-shaped structure, the lower end of main body be provided with crossbeam on location hole I4a and the corresponding hollow form boss 17 of the location hole II4b on the conductor spacer, each boss 7 inserts among positioning hole corresponding I or the location hole II, and this main body is provided with the through hole 18 that is connected with boss.As shown in Figure 8, the lower end of tensioning apparatus is adjacent to mutually with the top of adjustable plate I6 after passing location hole II on location hole I and the conductor spacer body on the crossbeam, the through hole 18 on the tensioning apparatus, the location hole I4a on the crossbeam, the adjustment hole 7 on the adjustable plate I6 and the installing hole I10a on the adjustable plate II8 by bolt 11 through hole 18, the location hole II4b on the conductor spacer body, the adjustment hole 7 on the adjustable plate I and the adjustable plate II on the fixedly connected and tensioning apparatus to go up installing hole II10b also fixedly connected by bolt 11.In order to have good sealing property, be preferably between tensioning apparatus 16 and the conductor spacer body 1 and be provided with one deck rubber blanket 19.
One end of composite insulator 12 by right angle link plate 13 link to each other with connecting plate 5, its other end passes through ZBD type link plate 14 and links to each other with another connecting plate 5.Shown in Fig. 4 a, 4b, the stem of right angle link plate 13 is provided with two earhole I20a that are connected with connecting plate 5, and its afterbody is provided with two earhole II20b that are connected with composite insulator 12 ends.As shown in Figure 5, the stem of ZBD type link plate 14 is provided with an earhole I20a who is connected with connecting plate 5, and its afterbody is provided with two earhole II20b that are connected with composite insulator 12 ends.In order to guarantee all pressures characteristic of anti-dance conductor spacer of the present utility model, be preferably in each side being equipped with of composite insulator 12 just like the grading ring 15 shown in Fig. 6 a, the 6b.As shown in Figure 9,, use bolt, nut that tensioning apparatus 10 is fixedlyed connected with crossbeam 3, use bolt, nut that crossbeam 3 is fixedlyed connected with adjustable plate II8 for better fixing whole anti-dance conductor spacer.
During use, according to said structure the anti-dance conductor spacer is assembled earlier, clamp sub-conductor with the wire clamp on the sub-lead spacer that is connected in composite insulator one end, the relative position of adjusting adjustable plate I6 and 9 engagements of adjustable plate II8 upper rack then satisfies the requirement of conductor spacer mounting distance, adjust to and clamp sub-conductor with the wire clamp on the sub-lead spacer that is connected in the composite insulator other end again behind the suitable position and get final product, final realization is to the stepless adjustment of the alternate spacing of sub-conductor and remedy lead sag installation errors.
Should be noted that at last: above embodiment only is not intended to limit in order to the explanation the technical solution of the utility model, although the utility model is had been described in detail with reference to the foregoing description, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can make amendment or be equal to replacement embodiment of the present utility model, and do not break away from any modification of the utility model spirit and scope or be equal to replacement, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present utility model.

Claims (9)

1. adjustable anti-dance conductor spacer, comprise the sub-lead spacer that is installed in composite insulator (12) two ends, this sub-lead spacer comprises conductor spacer body (1) and is distributed in the wire clamp (2) of its outer ring, it is characterized in that: the inner ring of described conductor spacer body (1) is provided with a crossbeam (3), the centre position of described crossbeam (3) is corresponding with one of them wire clamp (2), axis with this wire clamp is that the center is arranged with location hole (4) on the plane of crossbeam (3), described conductor spacer body (1) with composite insulator (12) but two ends be connected by the span-adjustable connector.
2. conductor spacer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: but described span-adjustable connector comprises herringbone connecting plate (5), adjustable plate I (6) and adjustable plate II (8), the middle part of described two connecting plates is connected with composite insulator (12) respectively, the two ends of each connecting plate (5) are a hinged adjustable plate I (6) respectively, described adjustable plate I (6) is provided with microscler adjustment hole (7), be connected with an adjustable plate II (8) on per two adjustable plate I (6) and the two is meshed by tooth bar (9), described adjustable plate II (8) is provided with and the corresponding installing hole I of location hole I (4a) (10a), location hole I (4a) on the described crossbeam, adjustment hole (7) and the installing hole I (10a) on the adjustable plate II (8) on the adjustable plate I (6) are fixedly connected by bolt (11), and the length of described adjustment hole (7) is at least the length of 1/2 adjustable plate I (6).
3. conductor spacer as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: an end of described composite insulator (12) and a plate (5) by right angle link plate (13) be connected, its other end and another connecting plate (5) be connected by ZBD type link plate (14).
4. conductor spacer as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: described composite insulator (12) a grading ring (15) each side is installed.
5. as the arbitrary described conductor spacer of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described adjustable plate I (6) is the vertical bar shape, described adjustable plate II (8) is flat U-shaped, on the one side of adjustable plate I (6), be provided with tooth bar (9), on two arms of adjustable plate II (8), be respectively equipped with a tooth bar that is meshed with two adjustable plate I (9).
6. as the arbitrary described conductor spacer of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: the centre position of described crossbeam (3) is corresponding with a wire clamp (2) that is distributed in conductor spacer body outer ring, axis with this wire clamp is that the center is arranged with location hole II (4b) on the plane of conductor spacer body (1), be provided with on adjustable plate II (8) and the corresponding installing hole II of location hole II (4b) (10b), adjustment hole (7) on location hole II (4b), the adjustable plate I on the described conductor spacer body and the installing hole II (10b) on the adjustable plate II are connected by bolt (11).
7. conductor spacer as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: described conductor spacer body (1) is gone up crimping one tensioning apparatus (16), and top being adjacent to mutually with adjustable plate I (6) passed behind the location hole II on location hole I and the conductor spacer body (1) on the crossbeam (3) in the lower end of this tensioning apparatus.
8. conductor spacer as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the main body of described tensioning apparatus (16) is flat U-shaped, the lower end of this main body be provided with crossbeam on location hole I (4a) and the corresponding hollow form boss of location hole II (4b) (17) on the conductor spacer body, each boss (17) inserts among corresponding positioning hole I or the location hole II, and this main body is provided with the through hole (18) that is connected with boss.
9. conductor spacer as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: be provided with rubber blanket (20) between described tensioning apparatus (16) and the conductor spacer body (1).
CN2010205041236U 2010-08-24 2010-08-24 Adjustable galloping prevention conductor spacer Expired - Lifetime CN201868814U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2010205041236U CN201868814U (en) 2010-08-24 2010-08-24 Adjustable galloping prevention conductor spacer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2010205041236U CN201868814U (en) 2010-08-24 2010-08-24 Adjustable galloping prevention conductor spacer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN201868814U true CN201868814U (en) 2011-06-15

Family

ID=44139957

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2010205041236U Expired - Lifetime CN201868814U (en) 2010-08-24 2010-08-24 Adjustable galloping prevention conductor spacer

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN201868814U (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103066541A (en) * 2011-10-20 2013-04-24 湖北省电力公司襄阳供电公司 Universal adjustable composite alternate spacer device
CN103414135A (en) * 2013-07-23 2013-11-27 国家电网公司 Rigid phase-ground conductor spacer preventing gallop
CN103441462A (en) * 2013-07-23 2013-12-11 国家电网公司 Segmental combined type galloping-prevention composite phase-earth spacing rod
CN103457220A (en) * 2013-07-23 2013-12-18 国家电网公司 Anti-gallop flexible composite phase-to-ground spacer
CN117239654A (en) * 2023-11-10 2023-12-15 浙江泰昌实业有限公司 Honeycomb type six-split spacing rod

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103066541A (en) * 2011-10-20 2013-04-24 湖北省电力公司襄阳供电公司 Universal adjustable composite alternate spacer device
CN103414135A (en) * 2013-07-23 2013-11-27 国家电网公司 Rigid phase-ground conductor spacer preventing gallop
CN103441462A (en) * 2013-07-23 2013-12-11 国家电网公司 Segmental combined type galloping-prevention composite phase-earth spacing rod
CN103457220A (en) * 2013-07-23 2013-12-18 国家电网公司 Anti-gallop flexible composite phase-to-ground spacer
CN103414135B (en) * 2013-07-23 2016-06-01 国家电网公司 A kind of anti-with waving rigidity phase conductor spacer
CN103457220B (en) * 2013-07-23 2016-08-17 国家电网公司 A kind of anti-gallop flexible composite phase-to-ground spacer
CN103441462B (en) * 2013-07-23 2017-02-01 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 Segmental combined type galloping-prevention composite phase-earth spacing rod
CN117239654A (en) * 2023-11-10 2023-12-15 浙江泰昌实业有限公司 Honeycomb type six-split spacing rod
CN117239654B (en) * 2023-11-10 2024-02-02 浙江泰昌实业有限公司 Honeycomb type six-split spacing rod

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN201868814U (en) Adjustable galloping prevention conductor spacer
CN101931193B (en) Adjustable sub-lead spacer
CA3080416A1 (en) Overhead power distribution line with lightning protection
CN207368625U (en) Overhead distribution
CN101950937B (en) Adjustable anti-galloping spacer for overhead transmission lines
CN205069242U (en) Polymerization gold silicon pin insulator
CN212027365U (en) High-voltage insulation cross arm of power distribution network
CN101425667A (en) Cable clip rotary type anti-bouncing spacer
CN201243187Y (en) Adjustable conductor interphase interval rod
CN201829901U (en) Linear adjustable apart dance-preventing hardware
CN102025120B (en) Transverse l-shaped alternate anti-oscillation hardware
CN203895917U (en) Self-regulation cross-arm
CN101931197B (en) Anti-oscillation interphase hardware tool for double bundle conductor
CN201829894U (en) Novel link fitting for adjustable interphase conductor spacer
CN206595412U (en) Connection gold utensil and the current conversion station using the connection gold utensil
CN201498950U (en) Connecting fitting for adjustable interphase spacing rod
CN101984529B (en) Connecting hardware fitting for stepless adjustable sub-conductor phase-to-phase spacer
CN202712794U (en) Pre-strand four-split wire spacer rod used for high-strength steel core aluminum alloy stranded wire
CN210032847U (en) Cross arm
CN202076754U (en) Double split conductor adjustable composite insulation alternate spacer
CN202839155U (en) Single-hanging-point single-wire-clamp duplex V-shaped composite insulator string for +/-500kV same-tower double-circuit lines
CN202905306U (en) Double suspension-point single wire-clamp duplex I type composite insulator string for +/- 500kV double-circuit line on same tower
CN103855667A (en) Phase-to-phase spacer adjustable end with inclination angle
CN105375427A (en) Anti-galloping device for single-loop power transmission line
CN203056512U (en) Alternate spacer

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
ASS Succession or assignment of patent right

Owner name: CHINA ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Effective date: 20140321

Owner name: STATE GRID CORPORATION OF CHINA

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: CHINA ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Effective date: 20140321

C41 Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model
COR Change of bibliographic data

Free format text: CORRECT: ADDRESS; FROM: 100192 HAIDIAN, BEIJING TO: 100031 XICHENG, BEIJING

TR01 Transfer of patent right

Effective date of registration: 20140321

Address after: 100031 Xicheng District West Chang'an Avenue, No. 86, Beijing

Patentee after: State Grid Corporation of China

Patentee after: China Electric Power Research Institute

Address before: 100192 Beijing city Haidian District Qinghe small Camp Road No. 15

Patentee before: China Electric Power Research Institute

CX01 Expiry of patent term
CX01 Expiry of patent term

Granted publication date: 20110615