CN201804474U - Experimental device for study of motion of projectile body with real-time time display function - Google Patents
Experimental device for study of motion of projectile body with real-time time display function Download PDFInfo
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- CN201804474U CN201804474U CN2010202579800U CN201020257980U CN201804474U CN 201804474 U CN201804474 U CN 201804474U CN 2010202579800 U CN2010202579800 U CN 2010202579800U CN 201020257980 U CN201020257980 U CN 201020257980U CN 201804474 U CN201804474 U CN 201804474U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an experimental device for study of motion of a projectile body with real-time time display function. The experimental device comprises a shooting lamp box, a glass face plate, a projection pipe, photo gates, a time display, a digital camera and a tripod, wherein the glass face plate is mounted on the front surface of the shooting lamp box, the projection pipe is fixed on the left frame of the shooting lamp box, the photo gates are mounted on the two side surfaces of the lower-end pipe orifice of the projection tube, the time display is embedded and mounted in the right upper position of the shooting lamp box, the digital camera is fixed on the tripod, and a lens faces to the lamp box. When a small ball is ejected from the lower-end pipe orifice of the projection tube and passes through the photo gate, the time display automatically starts timing, and the digital camera shoots the video of the entire projection motion of the small ball with grid coordinates as background. The experimental device can obtain clear images and correctly read X-, Y-coordinates, and achieves time precision of 0.01 s; the shooting is not influenced by ambient brightness; and the camera has short exposure time, and the shot images have no image tail. The experimental device has simple structure and high reliability, and provides very convenient experimental conditions for the study of the motion of the projectile body.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the experimental provision of projectile motion study, but relates in particular to a kind of experimental provision of projectile motion study of real-time time demonstration.
Background technology
For making the understanding of science students' intensification to the sports independence principle, the arrangement student carries out the experimental study to projectile motion in the Experiment of College Physics, experiment normally is background impelling one bead with the square paper, adopting takes a picture takes the bead movement locus, utilize the instantaneous position data of bead movement locus on the photo then, comprise X coordinate, Y coordinate and, write out its equation of motion respectively, explore the characteristics of motion of bead in directions X and Y direction at the time of this position t.Using the roll film camera epoch, the instantaneous position that obtains movement locus on the photo for the motion of shooting bead is to adopt multiexposure method, i.e. impelling one bead in dark surrounds, open camera shutter, it is taken with the repeatedly flash of light of a series of constant durations by stroboscope, like this, on same egative film, form several instantaneous position images of bead movement locus; Also allow the motion bead under lighting, open shutter with constant duration and take, obtain several instantaneous position images of bead movement locus on the egative film.In the digital photographing epoch, the method that adopts is to use the camera function of digital camera, take the motion overall process of impelling bead, then, with the frame frame figure in the sectional drawing software intercepting video, with image processing software the bead on every frame figure is pasted on the relevant position of same figure again, thereby on computer screen, obtain several instantaneous position data in the bead movement locus.All can obtain several instantaneous positions in the bead motion process with above-mentioned several method, measure its position coordinates in directions X and Y direction, but can't measure the run duration between per two beads, can only represent its time quantum with indirect form, the former comes the sign time with the flashing rate of stroboscope, as to dodge frequent rate be 25Hz, then obtains on the egative film two adjacent beads and be inferred as 1/25 second interval time=0.04 second; The latter serves as to characterize basis of time with the listed per second of digital camera instructions shooting frame number then, as instructions per second 30 frames that claim to make a video recording, assert that then be 1/30 second=0.033 second two adjacent bead interval times.Obviously, such time value is according to abundant inadequately, and non-experimental implementation people measures in person, lack persuasion, and this time value has certain error.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, but a kind of experimental provision of projectile motion study of real-time time demonstration is provided.
But comprising, the experimental provision of the projectile motion study that real-time time shows takes lamp box, face glass, projectile tube, photogate, time display, digital camera and tripod, face glass is installed in takes the lamp box front, taking on the lamp box left frame fixedly projectile tube, projectile tube low side mouth of pipe two sides are by photogate is arranged, take position, lamp box upper right side and embed the set-up time display, digital camera is fixed on the tripod, and camera lens is in the face of taking lamp box.
Described time display comprises that quartz oscillator, a plurality of frequency divider, first counter, second counter, 4 first order show that LED and 4 second level show LED; Quartz oscillator, frequency divider, first counter and second counter are connected successively, and first counter shows that with the first order LED is connected, and second counter shows that with the second level LED is connected; Quartz oscillator output oscillation frequency is the pulse of tens MHz, a plurality of frequency dividers 10 are divided into the pulse that frequency is 100Hz with it, 8421 yards decade counters of the input first order, 4 output terminals of counter are connected with 4 LED that constitute first order demonstration, this level is shown as 0.01 second order of magnitude time, and LED lights with 8421 code systems and reads.When 9 count pulses of first order counter input, produce the 8421 yards counters in the carry pulse input second level, 4 output terminals of counter are connected with 4 LED that constitute second level demonstration, and this level is shown as 0.1 second order of magnitude time, and its LED lights with 8421 code systems and reads.
Described projectile tube is an asymmetric U-shaped hollow tubular, bore 15～20mm, and pipe two ends difference in height is greater than 0.5 meter.
Described shooting lamp box is interior by many daylight lamps are arranged.
Described face glass is the focussing glass that is printed with the black box coordinate.
Described photogate is made up of light emitting diode and light activated element, two elements face to face, the distance 15～20mm, the photogate output signal line is connected with time display.
The beneficial effect that the utility model compared with prior art has is:
1) can fix bead instantaneous position and demonstration bead in the time of this position in taking the whole projectile motion process of bead, timing precision can reach 0.01 second;
2) owing to adopt the backlight illumination, shooting is not influenced by ambient brightness, and the camera exposure time is short, takes clear image, no smear, contrast height, for post-processed work brings great convenience;
3) apparatus structure is simple, the decoding scheme of traditional timer and the transmission distance that seven sections LED charactrons shorten time counting signal have as far as possible been saved, improved the time test precision, made full use of short characteristics LED after time simultaneously, avoided in the imperfect demonstration that shows millisecond seven sections strokes of charactron during the time;
4) cheap for manufacturing cost, easy to operate, grasp the reliability height easily.
Description of drawings
The structural representation of the experimental provision of the projectile motion study that but Fig. 1 is a real-time time to be shown;
Fig. 2 is a time display outside drawing of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is a time display circuit block diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 4 is that the utility model embodiment intercepts one of video synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 be the utility model embodiment intercept the video synoptic diagram two;
Among the figure: projectile tube 1, photogate 2, shooting lamp box 3, face glass 4, time display 5, reset button 6, power switch 7, LED lamp 8, quartz oscillator 9, frequency divider 10, first counter 11, the first order show that LED 12, second counter 13, the second level show LED14.
Embodiment
The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
As shown in Figure 1, but comprising, the experimental provision of the projectile motion study that real-time time shows takes lamp box 3, face glass 4, projectile tube 1, photogate 2, time display 5, digital camera and tripod, face glass 4 is installed in takes lamp box 3 fronts, taking on lamp box 3 left frames fixedly projectile tube 1, projectile tube 1 low side mouth of pipe two sides are by photogate 2 is arranged, take position, lamp box 3 upper right side and embed set-up time display 4, digital camera is fixed on the tripod, and camera lens is in the face of taking lamp box 3.Described projectile tube is an asymmetric U-shaped hollow tubular, bore 15～20mm, and pipe two ends difference in height is greater than 0.5 meter.Take in the lamp box by many daylight lamps are arranged.Face glass is the focussing glass that is printed with the black box coordinate.Photogate is made up of light emitting diode and light activated element, two elements face to face, the distance 15～20mm, the photogate output signal line is connected with time display.Digital camera adopts commonly used being connected and placement of prior art with tripod, and among the figure draw in the end.During experimental implementation, open the power switch 7 of time display 5, by reset button 6, make LED lamp 8 all extinguish state in the place, then, digital camera is put " shooting " function, open camera, begin to take, simultaneously prill dropped into projectile tube 1 inlet, when bead when the low side mouth of pipe penetrates through photogate, photogate is delivered to time display with signal, time display 5 is activated immediately and picks up counting, the videograph that camera is taken be the bead projectile motion overall process of background with grid coordinates, comprise the time of bead each position in the motion overall process that time display shows.
After shooting is finished, experiment operator is carried out post-processed work, deposit the video of taking just now in computer, with a frame frame figure who occurs bead in the sectional drawing software intercepting video, and write down the time t that time display among every frame figure shows, with image processing software the bead on every frame figure is pasted on the relevant position of same figure again, on computer screen, obtain several instantaneous positions figure in the bead movement locus, by grid coordinates read bead at the X of each instantaneous position, the Y coordinate, experimental implementation people is according to the X that records bead, Y coordinate and corresponding time t write out the equation of motion of bead in directions X and Y direction through data processing and calculating.
Shown in Fig. 2,3, time display 5 comprises that quartz oscillator 9, a plurality of frequency divider 10, first counter 11,13,4 first order of second counter show that LED 12 and 4 second level show LED14; Quartz oscillator 9, frequency divider 10, first counter 11 are connected successively with second counter 13, and first counter 11 shows that with the first order LED 12 is connected, and second counter 13 shows that with the second level LED14 is connected; Quartz oscillator 9 output oscillation frequency are the pulse of tens MHz, a plurality of frequency dividers 10 are divided into the pulse that frequency is 100Hz with it, 8421 yards decade counters of the input first order, 4 output terminals of counter are connected with 4 LED that constitute first order demonstration, this level is shown as 0.01 second order of magnitude time, and LED lights with 8421 code systems and reads.When 9 count pulses of first order counter input, produce the 8421 yards counters in the carry pulse input second level, 4 output terminals of counter are connected with 4 LED that constitute second level demonstration, and this level is shown as 0.1 second order of magnitude time, and its LED lights with 8421 code systems and reads.
Among Fig. 2, upper and lower two row LED are arranged on the panel of the outside drawing of time display 5, four of every row are in order to the time of real-time demonstration bead in each instantaneous position.It is by 8421 yards readings that four LED of every row light, and 0.1 second order of magnitude time showing of last behavior is 0.1 second * 8421 yards readings so up LED lights express time; 0.01 second order of magnitude time showing of following behavior, it is 0.01 second * 8421 yards readings that descending LED lights express time.Therefore, bead is lighted express time (0.1 second * 8421 yards readings)+descending LED at the up LED of the time of a certain instantaneous position t=and is lighted express time (0.01 second * 8421 yards readings).
Among Fig. 3, time display is by quartz oscillator, a plurality of frequency dividers, two counters and 8 LED form, the quartz oscillator output frequency is the pulse of tens MHz, be divided into i.e. 1 pulse/0.01 second of pulse that frequency is 100Hz through a plurality of frequency dividers, 8421 yards decade counters of the input first order, 4 output terminals of counter are connected with 4 LED that constitute first order demonstration, this level is shown as 0.01 second order of magnitude time showing, when 4 output terminals of counter are output as 0001, then the LED that is connected with " 1 " sign indicating number lights, be expressed as 1 * 0.01 second=0.01 second, when 4 output terminals of counter are output as 0010, then the LED that is connected with " 2 " sign indicating number lights, be expressed as 2 * 0.01 seconds=0.02 second, when 4 output terminals of counter are output as 0011, then with " 1 ", the LED that " 2 " sign indicating number connects lights simultaneously, be expressed as (1+2) * 0.01 second=0.03 second ... by that analogy.When 9 count pulses of first order counter input, export the 8421 yards counters in the carry pulse input second level, 4 output terminals of counter are connected with 4 LED that constitute second level demonstration, and this level is shown as 0.1 second order of magnitude time showing, and its LED lights and express time relation and last identical.
As shown in Figure 4, shown the position of bead in the background coordinate among the figure, available X, Y coordinate representation, shown the time of bead impelling simultaneously in this position, up the 4th of the LED of time display lights, light for descending the 3rd, it is 1 * 0.1 second+2 * 0.01 seconds=0.12 second that the expression bead reaches this position elapsed time.
As shown in Figure 5, shown the position of bead in the background coordinate among the figure, available X, Y coordinate representation, shown the time of bead impelling simultaneously in this position, up the 4th of the LED of time display lights, light for the descending the 2nd and the 3rd, the expression bead reach this position elapsed time be 1 * 0.1 second+(4+2) * 0.01 second=0.16 second, two frame figure contrast, time of experiencing from the impelling of Fig. 4 position to this frame figure position of bead is 0.16 second-0.12 second=0.04 second as can be known.
Camera not only can accurately show bead instantaneous position X coordinate and Y coordinate in taking the bead motion process, also can show the time t of this position in real time, and precision reaches 0.01 second.
Should illustrate, but the experimental provision accuracy of timekeeping of the projectile motion study that real-time time shows is 0.01 second, also accuracy of timekeeping can be brought up to 0.001 second if needed, just in Fig. 3 time display circuit block diagram, increase by 8421 yards decade counters of one-level and be attached thereto 4 LED that connect.Such conversion drops within the protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (6)
1. but the experimental provision of the projectile motion study that shows of a real-time time, it is characterized in that comprising shooting lamp box (3), face glass (4), projectile tube (1), photogate (2), time display (5), digital camera and tripod, face glass (4) is installed in takes lamp box (3) front, taking on lamp box (3) left frame fixedly projectile tube (1), projectile tube (1) low side mouth of pipe two sides are provided with photogate (2), take lamp box (3) position, upper right side and embed set-up time display (4), digital camera is fixed on the tripod, and camera lens is in the face of taking lamp box (3).
2. but the experimental provision of the projectile motion study that a kind of real-time time according to claim 1 shows is characterized in that described time display (4) comprises that quartz oscillator (9), a plurality of frequency divider (10), first counter (11), second counter (13), 4 first order show that LED (12) and 4 second level show LED (14); Quartz oscillator (9), frequency divider (10), first counter (11) and second counter (13) are connected successively, and first counter (11) shows that with the first order LED (12) is connected, and second counter (13) shows that with the second level LED (14) is connected; Quartz oscillator (9) output oscillation frequency is the pulse of tens MHz, a plurality of frequency dividers (10) are divided into the pulse that frequency is 100Hz with it, 8421 yards decade counters of the input first order, 4 output terminals in first counter (11) show that with the first order 4 LED among the LED (12) are connected, this level is shown as 0.01 second order of magnitude time, LED lights with 8421 code systems and reads, when 9 count pulses of first counter (11) input, produce a carry pulse and import second counter (13), 4 output terminals in second counter (13) show that with the second level 4 LED among the LED (14) are connected, this level is shown as 0.1 second order of magnitude time, and its LED lights with 8421 code systems and reads.
3. but the experimental provision of the projectile motion study that a kind of real-time time according to claim 1 shows is characterized in that described projectile tube is an asymmetric U-shaped hollow tubular, bore 15～20mm, and pipe two ends difference in height is greater than 0.5 meter.
4. but the experimental provision of the projectile motion study that a kind of real-time time according to claim 1 shows is characterized in that being provided with many daylight lamps in the described shooting lamp box.
5. but the experimental provision of the projectile motion study that a kind of real-time time according to claim 1 shows is characterized in that described face glass is the focussing glass that is printed with the black box coordinate.
6. but the experimental provision of the projectile motion study that a kind of real-time time according to claim 1 shows, it is characterized in that described photogate is made up of light emitting diode and light activated element, two elements face to face, the distance 15～20mm, the photogate output signal line is connected with time display.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010202579800U CN201804474U (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2010-07-13 | Experimental device for study of motion of projectile body with real-time time display function |
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| CN2010202579800U CN201804474U (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2010-07-13 | Experimental device for study of motion of projectile body with real-time time display function |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101901560A (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2010-12-01 | 浙江大学 | Experimental device for projectile motion study capable of displaying time in real time |
| CN106781898A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-05-31 | 单炜皓 | A kind of physics teaching experiment analogue means |
| CN109686198A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-04-26 | 韩嘉言 | A kind of pendulum motion experimental measurement method and system based on computer vision technique |
| CN109712490A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-05-03 | 韩嘉言 | A kind of change speed linear motion experimental measurement method and system based on computer vision technique |
-
2010
- 2010-07-13 CN CN2010202579800U patent/CN201804474U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101901560A (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2010-12-01 | 浙江大学 | Experimental device for projectile motion study capable of displaying time in real time |
| CN101901560B (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2012-01-11 | 浙江大学 | Experimental device for projectile motion study capable of displaying time in real time |
| CN106781898A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-05-31 | 单炜皓 | A kind of physics teaching experiment analogue means |
| CN109686198A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-04-26 | 韩嘉言 | A kind of pendulum motion experimental measurement method and system based on computer vision technique |
| CN109712490A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-05-03 | 韩嘉言 | A kind of change speed linear motion experimental measurement method and system based on computer vision technique |
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Granted publication date: 20110420 Termination date: 20110713 |