CN201781674U - Xenon light source rectifier and xenon lamp - Google Patents
Xenon light source rectifier and xenon lamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN201781674U CN201781674U CN2010202168837U CN201020216883U CN201781674U CN 201781674 U CN201781674 U CN 201781674U CN 2010202168837 U CN2010202168837 U CN 2010202168837U CN 201020216883 U CN201020216883 U CN 201020216883U CN 201781674 U CN201781674 U CN 201781674U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- light source
- xenon
- voltage
- xenon lamp
- module
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
Landscapes
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a xenon light source rectifier which compromises a rectifying, filtering and power factor-correcting module (21), a switch circuit module (22) and a full-bridge converting and high-voltage stating module (23), wherein the rectifying, filtering and power factor-correcting module (21) is used for converting commercial power input voltage into first direct current voltage, the switch circuit module (22) is used for converting the first voltage into second direct current voltage, and the full-bridge converting and high-voltage stating module (23) is used for exciting the preset high voltage for lightening a light source of the xenon lamp and converting the second direct current voltage into alternating current work voltage for leading the light source of the xenon lamp to continuously work. Due to the design of the constant power output, the utility model can prevent the lamplight from flashing or suddenly lighting or suddenly darkening caused by the fluctuation of the voltage of a power grid; and by adding the power factor-correcting circuit, the utility model can lead the high intensity discharge (HID) xenon lamp to be more energy-saving and environment-friendly. On the basis, by improving a cold reflection cup, the utility model can improve the safety and the reliability of the light source of the xenon lamp.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to gas or vapour discharge lamp field, relates in particular to xenon light source rectifier and xenon lamp.
Background technology
HID (High intensity Discharge, high-voltage gas discharging light) is a kind of novel light source that guides the 21 century trend, and present application also rests on the stage of headlight for vehicles illumination.In the commercial market, as show that the Room, shopper window, articles of price throw light on, model's irradiation, light fixtures such as the shot-light that adopts in the illumination place of the frequent switch of some needs such as family, hotel, Down lamp, ceiling light, the present halogen light source (also having fraction to adopt led light source) that still uses more than 99%, its principle of luminosity is to produce light and heat by electric current by the tungsten filament in the light source.Be confined to the material melting point of tungsten filament itself, general 55W Halogen lamp LED produces the color temperature of 3000～3200K at most, and it has numerous shortcomings such as power consumption height, brightness is low, color rendering is poor, light decay is fast, the life-span is short with respect to the HID xenon lamp; Simultaneously, its security reliability is relatively poor.Therefore, be necessary the HID xenon lamp is furtherd investigate, the technology of HID xenon lamp is applied on the domestic lighting field that substitutes halogen light source.
The utility model content
In view of this, the utility model provides the xenon light source rectifier of a kind of permanent power, energy-saving and environmental protection.On this basis, the utility model also provides a kind of safe and reliable xenon lamp.
For solving above technical problem, the technical solution of the utility model is that a kind of xenon light source rectifier comprises:
Rectifying and wave-filtering and Active PFC module (21) are used for the mains input voltage is converted to first direct voltage;
Switching circuit module (22), being used for first voltage transitions is second direct voltage;
Full-bridge is changed and high voltage startup module (23), is used to excite the preset high-pressure of xenon lamp light source igniting, and the working volts alternating current that second direct voltage is converted to xenon lamp light source continuous firing.
Described rectifying and wave-filtering and Active PFC module (21) comprise full bridge rectifier and power factor correction circuit.
Described switching circuit module (22) comprises some power switch pipes and transformer.
Described full-bridge conversion and high voltage startup module (23) comprise metal-oxide-semiconductor full-bridge change-over circuit and high-voltage starting circuit.
Also comprise control Coordination module (24), be connected (23) with rectifying and wave-filtering and Active PFC module (21), switching circuit module (22), full-bridge conversion high voltage startup module respectively, so that coordinate the work between them.
Xenon lamp on this basis comprises xenon light source cold emission cup (1), inserts civil power input (3) by above-mentioned rectifier.
Described xenon light source cold emission cup (1), comprise reflector base substrate (11) and be assemblied in the interior xenon lamp light source (13) of described reflector base substrate (11), described reflector base substrate (11) is formed by the surface of revolution of approximate circular arc, charges into the electrion xenon in the described xenon lamp light source (13).
The inner surface of described reflector base substrate (11) is coated with one deck reflectance coating (12) at least.
The inner surface of described reflector base substrate (11) is coated with optical thin film more than 20 layers.
The openend of described reflector base substrate (11) is provided with filter ultraviolet lid (14), and described filter ultraviolet lid (14) is provided with frosted portion (15).
Compared with prior art, the utility model is avoided the light flash that causes because of voltage ripple of power network or is neglected the bright dark situation of neglecting by permanent power output design; Simultaneously, increased circuit of power factor correction, its power factor reaches more than 0.98, can make more energy-conservation, the more environmental protection of HID xenon lamp.
In addition, the cold emission cup can usable reflection visible light more than 95%, and make the disadvantageous ultraviolet light of human body, infrared light to the transmission of light fixture rear, its reflectivity is reduced to below 3%, thereby reaches the effect of " cold light ", thereby improves the security reliability of xenon lamp light source.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit block diagram of the utility model xenon light source rectifier, and its upstream connects the civil power input, and the downstream connects xenon light source cold emission cup;
Fig. 2 is the physical connection figure of the utility model xenon lamp;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of xenon light source cold emission cup among Fig. 1, and wherein, solid line is a visible light; Dotted line is ultraviolet ray and infrared ray.
Embodiment
For convenience of explanation, earlier relational term is made an explanation below.
Light and radiation refers to that only human eye can be perceived as bright electromagnetic radiation, also can be described as in the whole electromagnetic radiation spectrum human eye and can see partly.The Wavelength distribution of this part only accounts for the very small part in the known electromagnetic radiation spectrum at 360～830nm.
Luminous flux (lumen Lm), the summation of the light quantity that luminous element per second kind is sent.
Light intensity (candela cd), the luminous flux that luminous element is launched in the specific direction unit solid angle.
Illumination (lux Lm/m2), luminous element is radiated at the luminous flux on the illuminated object unit are.
Brightness (candela/every square metre of cd/m2), the luminous flux of luminous element in specific direction unit solid angle unit are.
Colour temperature, the colour temperature of a light source are defined as having the identical photochromic kelvin rating of standard black matrix own with it, and this temperature can find its corresponding points on the Planckian locus on the chromatic diagram.The temperature of standard black matrix is high more, and the light spectrum Smalt composition that it gives off is many more, and red composition is also just relative few more.
Color rendering it is generally acknowledged that artificial light sources should allow human eye perceived color correctly, just as see thing under sunlight.This criterion promptly is the development properties of light source, is referred to as average color rendition index.
Photochromic, the photochromic of a lamp can be represented with colour temperature simply.Photochromicly mainly can be divided into three major types: warm colour＜3300K, Neutral colour 3300～5000K, daylight look＞5000K.
Light efficiency (lumen per watt Lm/w), electric light source is converted into the ability of light with electric energy, represents divided by power consumption with the luminous flux that sends.
Power factor, in alternating current circuit, the cosine of the phase difference between voltage and the electric current (Φ) is called power factor, represents with symbol cos Φ.Numerically, power factor is the ratio of active power and apparent power, i.e. cos Φ=P/S.Power factor is important techniques data of electric power system, is a coefficient weighing electric equipment efficient height.Power factor is low, and it is big to illustrate that circuit is used for the reactive power of alternating magnetic field conversion, thereby has reduced usage ratio of equipment, has increased the line powering loss.
Average life span (hour), the hourage the when quantity that refers to a collection of bulb to percent 50 is damaged.
Halogen lamp LED adds halogens in the bulb, and electric current is heated to incandescent state by tungsten filament and luminous, is widely used in various domestic lighting occasions.
Light-emitting diode (LED), light-emitting diode are the p-n diode that special substance is made.Under forward bias voltage drop, when electronics flows on the composition surface, can again in conjunction with and luminous in the process eliminated.Volume is little, luminous efficiency is former not high, but development in recent years is rapid, and applicable situation has been generalized to traffic lights, indicator light, room lighting, street lamp etc., even also is applicable to the lighting use of some special occasions.
High-voltage gas discharging light (HID, High intensity Discharge) can be described as heavy metal lamp or xenon lamp, also can be described as special Metal halogen lamp.Its principle is in the quartzy quartz glass tube of UV-cut uvioresistant, with the number of chemical gas filling, wherein major part is inert gases such as xenon (Xenon) and iodide, and then direct voltage moment of 12 volts on the car is pressurized to 23000 volts electric current by special-purpose electronic type rectifier (Ballast), it is free that concussion excites the xenon electronics in the quartz ampoule through high pressure, between two electrodes, produce light source, Here it is so-called gas discharge.And by the white superpower arclight that xenon produced, can improve the light color temperature value, the sunshine in similar daytime.The HID xenon lamp has outstanding feature and advantage, and the required magnitude of current only is 3.5A during its work, and brightness is three times of traditional based on halogen bulb, and useful life is than long 10 times of traditional based on halogen bulb.At present, the HID product only is applied in the high-grade car headlamp illumination, as Japan and Korea S country middle and high shelves car the HID xenon headlight has been installed all, American-European this xenon vehicle lamp is then more popular, then has only top cars such as A6 of Audi and Passat 2.8 that the HID xenon headlight has been installed in the domestic car.Obviously, if break through a correlation technique difficult problem in actual applications, the HID xenon lamp also can be widely applied in the domestic lighting field, and it replaces civilian Halogen lamp LED is trend of the times.
In order further to understand the utility model, describe below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment.
Referring to Fig. 1, the utility model rectifier 2 upstreams connect civil power input 3, and the downstream connects xenon light source cold emission cup 1, and it comprises four big circuit modules, below specifies.
First circuit module is rectifying and wave-filtering and Active PFC module 21, by full bridge rectifier and circuit of power factor correction, can realize the wide voltage 85V-260V of domestic power grid alternating current, the voltage input of frequency 50HZ or 60HZ, simultaneously power factor is brought up to more than 0.98, more energy-conservation, more environmental protection are fit to the requirement of present whole world main flow domestic power grid 110V and 220V.After the 85V-260V alternating current input, be that first direct voltage of 400V is supplied with next circuit module and partly worked through this part circuit conversion.
The second circuit module is formed switching circuit for being switching circuit module 22 by parts such as power switch pipe and transformers, realizes the conversion of voltage, will carry the 400V direct voltage of coming to be converted to 85V second direct voltage in first circuit module.
The tertiary circuit module is a full-bridge conversion high voltage startup module 23, promptly by metal-oxide-semiconductor full-bridge change-over circuit and high-voltage starting circuit, high pressure with 20KV excites HID xenon lamp light source igniting, the 85V direct voltage is converted to be fit to the 85V working volts alternating current that HID xenon lamp light source continuous firing is used simultaneously.
The 4th circuit module is connected with other each module for control Coordination module 24, so that coordinate the work between them.Control Coordination module 24 is preferably digital control; select electrically-erasable numeral single-chip for use; by writing software program; improve the performance of HID rectifier; comprise abundant fault detect, high performance loop response, exhibition frequency characteristic etc., realize that abnormal protection, permanent power and each several part are coordinated to control etc.Wherein: it is minimum that variable frequency control drops to EMI, reduces the EMI number of elements simultaneously; Combined with hardware carries out algorithm optimization, improves process control and the current-limiting protection of HID are handled; Realize a whole set of control algolithm, comprise DC/DC, DC/AC, defencive function etc.
In above-mentioned Digital Control rectifier; high-speed figure formula intelligent chip is the core of whole system, can control each details and the electricity-saving state of rectifier by the digital intelligent chip, realizes output short circuit, open-circuit-protection; automatically the functions such as protection, high voltage control protection of resuming work.
Experimental result shows; the rated voltage of supposing the xenon fluorescent tube is 85 ± 17V; digital intelligent chip and software program setting can be in light tube electric voltage AC 65～140V left and right sides operate as normal; need not do the characteristic that any adjustment just can adapt to different HID xenon fluorescent tubes; protection HID Xe lamp bulb is not damaged; thereby prolonged, in the HID Xe lamp bulb life-span simultaneously also for being provided consumer's follow-up service to bring great convenience.
Referring to Fig. 2, xenon lamp comprises xenon light source cold emission cup 1, and it inserts civil power input 3 by rectifier 2, thereby realizes the application of civil area.Wherein, xenon light source cold emission cup 1 can further be improved, and is specific as follows described.
Referring to Fig. 3, for being equipped with the novel cold emission cup 1 of HID high-voltage gas discharging light light source, comprising: reflector base substrate 11 is formed by the surface of revolution that is similar to circular arc; Xenon lamp light source 13 is assemblied in the reflector base substrate 11, charges into the electrion xenon.Particularly, tripartite surface technology below xenon light source cold emission cup 1 main the employing.
Described reflector blank 11 is made by glass: adopt the glass formula of high boron low stress, forming with the all-electric melting furnace compacting of high accuracy temperature control, the reflector glass blank of making has the coefficient of expansion＜40*10
-8, high-low temperature resistant advantage, thereby guarantee the safe and reliable of reflector.
Especially, plating multilayer dielectricity inteferometer coating 12 on the reflector base substrate 11: use principle of optical interference, use multiple dielectric thin-film material, use physical method, be coated with 20 multilayer optical films, realization reaches more than 95% the reflectivity of visible light, and to ultraviolet ray and ultrared reflectivity less than 3%, thereby guarantee light source after HID light source 13 and the combination of reflector base substrate, reach the light energy output of maximum in the visual field, and avoided ultraviolet ray and ultrared irradiation, thereby reach the effect of " cold light ".
In addition, add a cover the filter ultraviolet lid 14 that toughened glass is formed on the reflector base substrate, thus further ultraviolet ray filtering, and at the lid center 1/3 diameter place does frosted and handles, the light that light source is broken forth by frosted portion 15 is softer, avoids dazzle.
Adopt above-mentioned cold emission cup, and coupling can directly insert new digital electronic type rectifier and HID high-voltage gas discharging light that national grid uses, can be supporting with multiple ceiling light fixture, make the usefulness of directional lighting, the irradiation emission angle can have 25 °, 38 °, 60 ° etc., can satisfy various instructions for uses, be applied to show the Room, shopper window, articles of price illumination, model's irradiation, the illumination place of family, hotel, the frequent switch of some needs.
This reflection orienting illumination small power electric minor HID xenon lamp has incomparable advantage with respect to the conventional halogen light source of present commercial market:
1, the reflector of cold emission directional lighting small power electric minor HID xenon lamp employing is made with resistant to elevated temperatures low-coefficient glass, and plate multilayer dielectric reflective coating, energy usable reflection visible light is more than 95%, and make the disadvantageous ultraviolet light of human body, infrared light is to the transmission of light fixture rear, its reflectivity is reduced to below 3%, thereby reach the effect of " cold light ", make from 2 meters temperature rises of shot-light and be no more than 5 degree Celsius, this just can effectively reduce institute's illuminated objects and cause the change equivalent damage that fades because of the direct projection of infrared light and ultraviolet light.
2, light efficiency and conversion efficiency: halogen light source is because the burning tungsten filament produces a large amount of heat energy losses when luminous, so light efficiency is not high, the highlyest also can only reach 20lm/W; And HID xenon lamp light efficiency can reach 90lm/W, high light effect source in addition can reach more than the 100lm/W.Simultaneously, the power conversion efficiency of HID xenon lamp reaches more than 85%, so the HID xenon lamp is more energy-conservation.
3, life-span and light decay: the HID xenon lamp still can reach after continuously using 5000 hours and just use more than 70% of light efficiency, and the tungsten filament of halogen light source just can blow through the use of hundreds of hour and ends useful life, and in use light decay is very obvious.
4, color rendering: HID xenon lamp color rendering index can reach 95, and the color rendering index of halogen light source, generally between 65-85.So the reduction degree and the vividness more beautiful of its color of object of use HID xenon lamp irradiation can reach the demand that human eye is distinguished color fully, are particularly suitable for showing that illuminated fields such as the Room, shopper window, articles of price illumination, model's irradiation are required.
5, colour temperature: the HID xenon lamp can present the different colour temperature from 3000K to 30000K, can also present with multicolour such as red, green, purple, indigo plants especially, and halogen light source can only be confined to the colour temperature about 3000K, can not have multicolour to change.Therefore, the HID xenon lamp is used wider, more flexible.
6, permanent power: the HID xenon lamp adopts permanent power output design, avoids the light flash that causes because of voltage ripple of power network or neglects the bright dark situation of neglecting, and halogen light source does not then have similar performance.
7, power factor: present technique middle low power electronic type HID xenon lamp has increased circuit of power factor correction, and power factor reaches more than 0.98, and the power factor of common halogen light source has only about 0.5, therefore, uses more energy-conservation, the more environmental protection of HID xenon lamp.
Only be preferred implementation of the present utility model below, should be pointed out that above-mentioned preferred implementation should not be considered as restriction of the present utility model, protection range of the present utility model should be as the criterion with claim institute restricted portion.For those skilled in the art, in not breaking away from spirit and scope of the present utility model, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection range of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. an xenon light source rectifier is characterized in that, comprising:
Rectifying and wave-filtering and Active PFC module (21) are used for the mains input voltage is converted to first direct voltage;
Switching circuit module (22), being used for first voltage transitions is second direct voltage;
Full-bridge is changed and high voltage startup module (23), is used to excite the preset high-pressure of xenon lamp light source igniting, and the working volts alternating current that second direct voltage is converted to xenon lamp light source continuous firing.
2. xenon light source rectifier as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described rectifying and wave-filtering and Active PFC module (21) comprise full bridge rectifier and power factor correction circuit.
3. xenon light source rectifier as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described switching circuit module (22) comprises some power switch pipes and transformer.
4. xenon light source rectifier as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described full-bridge conversion and high voltage startup module (23) comprise metal-oxide-semiconductor full-bridge change-over circuit and high-voltage starting circuit.
5. xenon light source rectifier as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise control Coordination module (24), be connected (23) with rectifying and wave-filtering and Active PFC module (21), switching circuit module (22), full-bridge conversion high voltage startup module respectively, so that coordinate the work between them.
6. an xenon lamp comprises xenon light source cold emission cup (1), by inserting civil power input (3) as each described rectifier of claim 1-5.
7. xenon lamp as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described xenon light source cold emission cup (1), comprise reflector base substrate (11) and be assemblied in the interior xenon lamp light source (13) of described reflector base substrate (11), described reflector base substrate (11) is formed by the surface of revolution of approximate circular arc, charges into the electrion xenon in the described xenon lamp light source (13).
8. xenon lamp as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the inner surface of described reflector base substrate (11) is coated with one deck reflectance coating (12) at least.
9. xenon lamp as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the inner surface of described reflector base substrate (11) is coated with optical thin film more than 20 layers.
10. xenon lamp as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, it is characterized in that, the openend of described reflector base substrate (11) is provided with filter ultraviolet lid (14), and described filter ultraviolet lid (14) is provided with frosted portion (15).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010202168837U CN201781674U (en) | 2010-06-01 | 2010-06-01 | Xenon light source rectifier and xenon lamp |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010202168837U CN201781674U (en) | 2010-06-01 | 2010-06-01 | Xenon light source rectifier and xenon lamp |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN201781674U true CN201781674U (en) | 2011-03-30 |
Family
ID=43794872
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010202168837U Expired - Fee Related CN201781674U (en) | 2010-06-01 | 2010-06-01 | Xenon light source rectifier and xenon lamp |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN201781674U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112781619A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 中电科仪器仪表(安徽)有限公司 | Side-lighting simulator suitable for AM0 spectrum |
-
2010
- 2010-06-01 CN CN2010202168837U patent/CN201781674U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112781619A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 中电科仪器仪表(安徽)有限公司 | Side-lighting simulator suitable for AM0 spectrum |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101968181B (en) | High-efficiency LED lamp bulb | |
| CN103069210A (en) | Light emitting diode (LED) lighting systems and methods | |
| CN201359235Y (en) | High illuminating degree (HID) holder search lamp | |
| Cook | High-efficiency lighting in Industry and Commercial Buildings | |
| CN201781674U (en) | Xenon light source rectifier and xenon lamp | |
| CN201779473U (en) | Xenon light source cold-reflection cup and xenon lamp | |
| CN101915393A (en) | HID (High Intensity Discharge) high-efficiency street lamp reflecting mirror as well as manufacture and application methods thereof | |
| CN208210404U (en) | The self-adjustable xenon energy-conserving road lamp of brightness | |
| CN202419475U (en) | Light collecting cover applicable to LED (light-emitting diode) lamp | |
| CN201851911U (en) | Dimmable light emitting diode (LED) lamp | |
| CN202091946U (en) | Street lamp | |
| CN201100913Y (en) | An efficient energy-saving long life fluorescent lamp | |
| CN1835182B (en) | Double-power gas discharge lamp and its energy saving controller | |
| CN201757333U (en) | HID efficient street lamp reflecting mirror | |
| CN201369313Y (en) | Plasma gaseous discharge lamp | |
| CN201966180U (en) | LCD lamp of stepless cold-cathode tube | |
| CN201885100U (en) | Cold cathode grille spot lamp | |
| CN102705719A (en) | Integrated down lamp | |
| CN103388782A (en) | Road lamp | |
| CN2570972Y (en) | Reflection-type energy conservation lamp | |
| Garbesi et al. | Energy-Efficient Lighting Technologies and Their Applications in the Residential and Commercial Sectors | |
| CN202310254U (en) | Half-bridge inversion single-based startup circuit of 9w-below electronic energy-saving lamp | |
| CN202757014U (en) | Energy-saving xenon street lamp with multiple bulbs | |
| CN200994211Y (en) | Self-ballasted light-focusing reflective metal halide energy-saving lamp | |
| CN102798047A (en) | Multi-bulb energy-saving xenon street lamp |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20110330 Termination date: 20110601 |