CN201707037U - Optical three-dimensional imager - Google Patents
Optical three-dimensional imager Download PDFInfo
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- CN201707037U CN201707037U CN2009201184045U CN200920118404U CN201707037U CN 201707037 U CN201707037 U CN 201707037U CN 2009201184045 U CN2009201184045 U CN 2009201184045U CN 200920118404 U CN200920118404 U CN 200920118404U CN 201707037 U CN201707037 U CN 201707037U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the field of manufacturing optical three-dimensional sensing instruments in the visible light area, and particularly relates to an optical three-dimensional imager illuminating based on structured light. The optical three-dimensional imager adopts the technical scheme that at least one optical structuring device equipped with a two-value space-time optical grating projects structured light to an object; at least one camera shoots the deformation patterns reflected by the object in another position; the deformation patterns reflected by the object are analyzed, and the coordinate of points projecting on the flat surface corresponding to points on the imaging surface of the camera is obtained; and the three-dimensional reconstruction is performed according to the coordinate of measuring points of the object calculated by the geometrical relationship, so as to restore a three-dimensional topography of the object. The optical three-dimensional imager can obtain high-density three-dimensional measuring results as well as the veins of the object at the same time by virtue of the technical scheme.
Description
Technical field:
The utility model belongs to the optical 3-dimensional sensing equipment manufacturing technology field of visible light and region of ultra-red, is specifically related to a kind of optical 3-dimensional imager based on Structured Illumination.
Background technology:
Optical 3-dimensional sensing technology based on Structured Illumination is widely used in fields such as industrial detection, quality control, machine vision, video display stunt and biomedicines.One of key of this technology is the coupling of projection plane and video camera image planes corresponding point.Usually utilize color, gray scale, raster phase and utilize the symbol of above-mentioned parameter coding or symbol sebolic addressing etc. is realized corresponding point matching.
Fig. 1 is the system schematic of Structured Illumination three-dimensional imaging technology.It is made of projector and video camera.O
p, O
cBe respectively projector and video camera photocentre, (x
P0, y
P0), (x
C0, y
C0) be respectively the image coordinate of projector and video camera principal point.P
p, P
cCorresponding point for a pair of projection plane and video camera image planes.P is the measurement point on the body surface, and its coordinate is (X
w, Y
w, Z
w).Launch specific pattern by projector, video camera is taken the distortion pattern that is reflected by body surface in the another location.The image that photographs by analysis obtains the coordinate of putting on the projection plane corresponding with point on the video camera image planes.At last by PO
cO
pIn the triangle that constitutes, calculate the P point coordinate according to geometric relationship, and then recover the object dimensional pattern.
Whether existing Structured Illumination three-dimensional sensing technology by relevant with color, can be divided into based on color with based on the encoding scheme of gray scale.By the parameter difference that is used to encode, can be divided into sinusoidal grating phase encoding scheme and light intensity encoding scheme.
The phase encoding scheme mainly contains phase measuring profilometer PMP and Fourier transform technology of profiling FTP etc.
The light intensity encoding scheme can be divided into the time encoding scheme, spatial neighborhood encoding scheme and direct coding scheme three classes.Adopt the technology of sinusoidal grating projection can obtain high-resolution measurement result.But adopt the single frequency sinusoidal optical grating projection, relatively more difficult to the phase unwrapping of discontinuous object.This problem can adopt the method for development or solve with methods such as Gray code combine time phase, but the time complexity of measuring can increase.The method that also can adopt composite grating or combine with colour and binary-coding solves, but to measurement range or to article surface vein certain limitation is arranged.
The time encoding scheme is owing to need the more pattern of projection, and the time complexity of measurement is higher usually, be difficult for reaching high density and measure, but measuring accuracy is higher.
Space encoding scheme measuring speed is fast, but the decode procedure more complicated, precision is not high usually, and spatial resolution is lower.
The direct coding scheme is only applicable to the measurement of achromaticity or light object usually, and is difficult for the measuring accuracy that reaches high.
At present commercially available optical 3-dimensional imaging sensing instrument majority is based on the spatial neighborhood encoding scheme of color, but this class technology has a significant disadvantages, and is promptly restricted to the color of Measuring Object, can not obtain object texture simultaneously from coded image.
The utility model content:
At above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model provides a kind of optical 3-dimensional imager of optimization.Adopt the optical 3-dimensional formation method of this sensing instrument, have measuring speed between common PMP and time encoding scheme, measuring accuracy and robustness are suitable with the time encoding scheme, and resolution and PMP are suitable.Not only can obtain highdensity three-dimensional measuring result and can obtain the texture of object simultaneously.As long as there is abundant coding region to project on the isolated objects, it also can be measured.
A kind of optical 3-dimensional imager is characterized in that:
At least one is equipped with the photo structure makeup of two-value space-time grating and puts to object projective structure light,
At least one video camera is taken the deformation pattern that is reflected by object in the another location,
The deformation pattern that one signal processing apparatus reflects object is analyzed and three-dimensionalreconstruction.
Described photo structure makeup is put and be can be projector.
The makeup of described photo structure is put the general structure of the two-value space-time grating of outfit and is determined by pseudo-random sequence, and the combination that this pseudo-random sequence is 1 o'clock relative time coordinate by the local space coordinate and their state of some neighbor pixels on the projection plane class symbol of encoding is formed.
Wherein two-value space-time code grating is made up of a two-value grating that is enclosed within order demonstration on the same space position.Its core technology is, the combination that is 1 o'clock relative time coordinate with the local space coordinate and their state of the some neighbor pixels that are called coding unit on the projection plane class symbol of encoding; Use the pseudo-random sequence that constitutes by this class symbol to determine the general structure of every width of cloth two-value grating then.
Pseudo-random sequence satisfies following condition:
In sequence, be unique more than or equal to the subsequence of length of window; In equaling the subsequence of length of window, random length do not have replicator.
It such as length of window 4 sequence
“ABDECFADBEFDBECDABFECBDEFBDCEABCDAECFBDE”。
The state of each pixel satisfies following requirement on the projection plane: and be 1 in an amplitude grating only, all be 0 in other gratings.
Adjacent coding unit adopts time coordinate to distinguish, and the pixel state is that 1 o'clock relative time coordinate is less than 1 coding unit that is classified as of threshold value, more than or equal to another coding unit that is classified as of threshold value.
Be encoded to example with space, time coordinate, the principle of two-value space-time code grating is described with adjacent 3 pixels.Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of coding principle.Here adopt nicking, the state of pixel only changes at line direction on the projection plane, and constant at column direction.Select delegation to describe.Among the figure grating is arranged from top to bottom by the order that shows.Every amplitude grating is divided into some zonules of being made up of 3 pixels.On request, be of a size of the zone of 3 pixels, three amplitude grating correspondences are arranged in time.As we can see from the figure: on the space, in an amplitude grating, it is white having and have only a pixel in each unit, and other all is a black; On time, in same unit, each pixel and in an amplitude grating, be white only, all be black in other grating.Like this, the combination of the local space coordinate of pixel and time coordinate can be used for being encoded in the zone.As being labeled as the zone of " B " among Fig. 2, the space time coordinate of the 1st pixel is (1 in the unit, 1), that is: the 1st locus of pixel in the unit is 1, state is that 1 o'clock relative time coordinate is that the space time coordinate of 1, the 2 pixel is (2,3), the space time coordinate of the 3rd pixel is (3,2).These coordinates are arranged in order obtain code word " 113223 ", use letter " B " to represent here.In like manner we can obtain other code word.According to arranging knowledge, can obtain 3!=6 code words are used respectively " A "-" F " expression.For difference adjacent encoder unit, threshold value 4 is set here.Designed 6 amplitude gratings altogether, pixel status is that 1 time coordinate is less than 4 in first coding unit.Pixel status is that 1 time coordinate is more than or equal to 4 in second coding unit.Pixel status is that 1 time coordinate is less than 4 in the 3rd coding unit.By that analogy, encode.
According to above coding principle, the result of all projection mode stacks is the complete white image of a width of cloth.The complete white image of projection just is equivalent to work as the light illumination object with projector, and what video camera photographed is exactly the texture of object.Therefore, just obtain the texture of object as long as the image sequence that photographs superposeed, and do not need to take separately texture.If the employing colour TV camera then can obtain color texture.
Adopt constantly 1 symbol of picked at random from one group of designated symbols, be added to the pseudo-random sequence that the method that constitutes new satisfactory sequence after the sequence of having constructed is constructed designated length.Concrete steps are as follows:
The first, the picked at random number equals a length of window symbol from designated symbols, constitutes initiation sequence;
The second, 1 symbol of picked at random from designated symbols, add tectonic sequence to after;
The 3rd, check whether the subsequence in the window that comprises new adding symbol meets the requirement of the described pseudo-random sequence of two-value space-time code principle.If meet, check then whether whole sequence length meets the demands, if satisfy then end, otherwise go to above-mentioned second step; If do not meet, then, walk around to above-mentioned second step deleting the symbol that has just added in the tectonic sequence.
The alleged three-dimensionalreconstruction process of the utility model key step is as follows:
(1), from the image sequence of taking, seeks the image of respective pixel light intensity maximum for the every bit on the video camera image planes.Because projection and shooting are to be undertaken by same sequence, the acquisition order of the image of respective pixel light intensity maximum number be exactly on the projection plane corresponding point state be 1 time coordinate, be called for short the corresponding point time coordinate.The corresponding point time coordinate of being had a few on the video camera image planes constitutes a width of cloth corresponding point time coordinate figure.
(2) in corresponding point time coordinate figure, by line scanning, according to coding rule recognition coding unit and recover corresponding projection symbol.The projection symbol of all coding unit correspondences constitutes a width of cloth projection graphical diagram.
(3) in the projection graphical diagram, with the length of window unit scanning by row, the subsequence in subsequence in the window and the original projection sequence is mated, obtain the position of window internal symbol in the original projection sequence.And then obtain the corresponding point diagram of video camera, projector according to coding rule.
(4) obtain video camera, projector corresponding point after, recover the object dimensional pattern according to principle of triangulation.
(5) with the image sequence corresponding point intensity addition of taking, obtain object texture figure.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a Structured Illumination 3-D imaging system synoptic diagram
Fig. 2 is a space-time binary-coding principle schematic
Embodiment:
The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but not only be confined to scope shown in the present embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Present embodiment is realized by following technical scheme:
A projector that is equipped with two-value space-time grating is to object projective structure light,
A video camera is taken the deformation pattern that is reflected by object in the another location,
The deformation pattern that one signal processing apparatus reflects object is analyzed and three-dimensionalreconstruction.
Wherein,
1, the employing length of window is 4 sequence:
“ABDECFADBEFDBECDABFECBDEFBDCEABCDAECFBDEABFCABDFAECBADEFCAEDCFEBDFECABFDEAFCEADBCADFBACDEACBDACEBDCABECAFECDBEADCEBAFDEBFADECADEBCAEBDAEBCDEBADCBAFEBACEDFABDCFAEBFDCAEFDCBEACDBAECDC”。
One cover grating concrete steps of this programme design are as follows:
(1) according to pixel columns compute sign number, coding unit size and the pseudo-random sequence length of projector, adopts algorithm construction pseudo-random sequence described in the utility model;
(2) according to the utility model two-value space-time code principle, design and each symbol corresponding codes unit;
(3) according to the code sequence of (1) structure, coding unit is arranged in order, obtained the two-value space-time code grating corresponding at last with pseudo-random sequence;
(4) grating that design is obtained successively projects on the testee by its time coordinate, and takes the deformed grating of being modulated by object appearance with video camera simultaneously;
(5) behind intact all gratings of projection, the deformed grating that photographs according to 2.4 described step process, is obtained the three-dimensional appearance and the texture of object.
At first that to be 740 * 572 JAI_CVA50CCD industrial camera distribute to surperficial height profile and reflectivity is discontinuous with resolution, and the typical scene that shade is arranged, blocks is measured.
The scene that this programme adopts is: a square carton and a mouse are placed on one and put up on the flat board of gridiron pattern pattern.This programme is not taked error correction algorithm, abandons the corresponding point time coordinate and recovers incomplete coding unit, and most of effectively zone is all measured comes out, and shade does not have influence to decoding.By the code sequence characteristics, a wrong code that recovers influences the measurement result of 4 coding units at most.If adopt certain error-detecting and control algolithm, most of mistake further is limited in this unit, can not influence other unit.Decoding error is limited in the zonule, does not outwards propagate.The main cause that occurs the cavity among the figure has: shade; The body surface reflectivity is too low and cause measuring light intensity and change; The video camera sight line is blocked; At body surface step change type texture place, the corresponding point time coordinate recovers mistake in the coding unit because the low-frequency filter characteristics of video camera causes.
Adopt the civilian colourful CCD video camera of DCR-SR100 type of Sony to experimentize resolution 2016 * 1512 then.Measuring object is that the plaster cast of depth capacity about 100mm and the part that can regard isolated objects as are shielded in vain.
Owing to adopt civilian video camera, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of image is low, and bigger noise appears in no striped place in corresponding point time coordinate figure.Can see that from the projection graphical diagram of color showing the noise that produce previous stage recovers to influence very little to the projection symbol.。
Projector pixels across coordinate with the testee of colored grid representation and reference planes is poor, and the pattern of object has obtained good recovery.
Claims (2)
1. optical 3-dimensional imager is characterized in that:
At least one is equipped with the photo structure makeup of two-value space-time grating and puts to object projective structure light,
At least one video camera is taken the deformation pattern that is reflected by object in the another location,
The deformation pattern that one signal processing apparatus reflects object is analyzed and three-dimensionalreconstruction.
2. optical 3-dimensional imager according to claim 1 is characterized in that described photo structure makeup is changed to projector.
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| CN2009201184045U CN201707037U (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2009-04-23 | Optical three-dimensional imager |
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| CN2009201184045U CN201707037U (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2009-04-23 | Optical three-dimensional imager |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104903680A (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2015-09-09 | 阿泰克欧洲公司 | Method for monitoring linear dimensions of three-dimensional objects |
| CN108725044A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-02 | 贵州民族大学 | A kind of mechano-electronic teaching drafting machine |
-
2009
- 2009-04-23 CN CN2009201184045U patent/CN201707037U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104903680A (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2015-09-09 | 阿泰克欧洲公司 | Method for monitoring linear dimensions of three-dimensional objects |
| CN104903680B (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2019-01-08 | 阿泰克欧洲公司 | The method for controlling the linear dimension of three-dimension object |
| CN108725044A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-02 | 贵州民族大学 | A kind of mechano-electronic teaching drafting machine |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20110112 Termination date: 20130423 |