CN201706509U - Garbage incineration boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a garbage incineration boiler which mainly comprises a hearth, a complete combustion chamber, three flues and a tail flue, wherein the complete combustion chamber, the three flues and the tail flue are sequentially connected behind the hearth, a boiler drum is installed above the hearth, the lower part of the hearth is provided with a fire grate, and slag and ash discharge equipment is installed below the fire grate. The garbage incineration boiler is characterized in that the fire grate is a reciprocating multi-row type fire grate, an auxiliary burner is installed on a side wall at the lower part of the hearth, an ignition burner is installed on a back wall at the lower part of the hearth, and high-temperature fume air preheaters and superheaters are sequentially arranged in the three flues from bottom to top. By the utility model, the sufficient combustion and the complete combustion of domestic garbage with low heat value, high water content and high ash content are achieved in the garbage incineration boiler, the generation of harmful gas can be effectively suppressed, steam generated by the boiler is used for generating power and supplying steam, and the reduction, the harmlessness and the reclamation of garbage disposal are realized at maximum.

Description

A waste incineration boiler

technical field

The utility model relates to a technique for recycling garbage, in particular to a garbage incineration boiler which incinerates garbage and generates steam for power generation and steam supply.

Background technique

With the development of urban economic construction and the improvement of people's living standards, the amount of domestic waste generated is increasing year by year. Currently, domestic waste disposal methods include sanitary landfill, incineration and composting. The incineration method with the characteristics of reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization is currently the best garbage disposal method. It is an effective way to deal with municipal solid waste through the development of waste incineration boilers for waste incineration.

At present, the main types of waste incinerators are: mechanical grate incinerator, fluidized bed incinerator, gasification melting furnace and rotary kiln incinerator. Among them, mechanical grate incinerator is the mainstream equipment of waste incinerator. However, the use of existing mechanical grate incinerators for waste disposal has encountered the following problems: due to the high ash content, low combustible components, and high water content of urban domestic waste in my country, and with the change of seasons, the composition of waste varies greatly. Especially in winter, the calorific value of the garbage is low, coupled with the low ambient temperature, especially in the northern region, the ambient temperature is lower, and it is difficult to ferment the garbage, which in turn leads to difficulty in igniting and burning the garbage, poor combustion of the garbage, and low temperature in the incinerator , dioxin-like harmful substances cannot be effectively suppressed.

Utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a domestic waste that can better incinerate domestic waste with low calorific value, high moisture content, and high ash content, especially to adapt to the winter environment in the north. A garbage incineration boiler is installed to promote the timely drying and effective burning of garbage, ensure the complete combustion of garbage, and effectively inhibit the generation of harmful substances.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the utility model mainly includes a furnace and an ember chamber, three flues and a tail flue connected to the furnace in sequence, a drum is installed above the furnace, and a furnace is arranged at the bottom of the furnace. Slagging and ash-discharging equipment are installed under the grate, which is characterized in that: the grate is a reciprocating multi-row grate, and the auxiliary burner is installed on the side wall of the lower part of the furnace, and the auxiliary burner is installed on the lower part of the furnace. Ignition burners are installed on the rear wall, and high-temperature flue gas air preheaters and superheaters are arranged in sequence from bottom to top in the three flues.

The further setting is that the adiabatic front arch and the rear arch are arranged above the reciprocating multi-row grate, and the secondary air nozzles are arranged on the front and rear arches. The front and rear arches are set at the lower part of the hearth, which is conducive to the drying, ignition and burning of garbage. In addition, secondary air nozzles are arranged at the front and rear arches, which can strengthen the disturbance of flue gas, prolong the flow of flue gas, and supplement the oxygen required for combustion.

It is further provided that the superheater includes a high-temperature superheater, a medium-temperature superheater and a low-temperature superheater arranged sequentially from bottom to top.

A further setting is to install an economizer in the tail flue.

A further setting is that the furnace is installed on a steel frame, and the steel frame is equipped with a platform ladder.

It is further set that the high-temperature flue gas air preheater, high-temperature superheater, medium-temperature superheater, low-temperature superheater, and economizer tubes are arranged in parallel, the high-temperature superheater is arranged in a downstream direction, and the high-temperature flue gas air preheater The heater is made of stainless steel.

The utility model has the advantage that the utility model has the following advantages:

1. The reciprocating multi-row grate is adopted, and the reciprocating multi-row grate is the grate with the patent number 02111455.2 applied by the applicant in 2002. It has the characteristics of fullness, strong operability and high degree of automation, and is especially suitable for burning domestic garbage without sorting, low calorific value, high moisture content and high ash content in my country. The reciprocating multi-row grate combines the advantages of simple reverse push or forward push grate. The garbage on the reverse push grate is fully stirred, mixed and rolled by the reverse movement of the movable grate piece; There is relative movement between them, so that it is easier to ignite and burn completely than domestic garbage with a lower calorific value, and the garbage burns on the forward grate, and the thermal reduction rate is lower.

2. Design the heat-insulated front and rear arch structures, make full use of radiant heat to preheat and dry the garbage, and at the same time, inject secondary air into the front and rear arches to strengthen the disturbance of the flue gas and prolong the combustion journey of the flue gas. Ember rate is high.

3. In order to ensure timely drying, burning and burning of domestic waste with low calorific value, high moisture content and high ash content, the air used for combustion needs a higher temperature. Due to the limitation of the heat exchange effect, the air temperature heated by the steam air preheater cannot meet the requirements. Therefore, the air heated by the steam air preheater must be heated to the required temperature by the high temperature flue gas air preheater. The temperature can meet the combustion needs.

The traditional flue gas air preheater is a heat exchange device that uses the heat of the flue gas at the tail of the boiler to heat the combustion air. It is usually arranged in the tail flue of the boiler. However, for the special fuel such as garbage, due to its high content of Cl and S and high ash content, the air preheater is arranged in the tail flue, which is very prone to low-temperature corrosion and ash blocking, and because of the low temperature of the flue gas , the heat transfer effect is poor, and it is difficult to achieve the required air temperature; moreover, the arrangement of air preheaters in low-temperature areas will lead to the re-synthesis of dioxin-like harmful substances. For this reason, in the design of this waste incineration boiler, the high-temperature flue gas air preheater is deliberately arranged in the third flue where the flue gas temperature is relatively high but lower than the ash melting point, which not only satisfies the heat transfer effect, but also reduces the The re-synthesis of dioxin-like harmful substances and the avoidance of low-temperature corrosion and ash blocking of the air preheater.

4. The flue gas adopts four return flow directions, namely the furnace, the ember chamber, the three flues, and the tail flue, which is beneficial to increase the flue gas flow, fully cool the flue gas, and prevent the heat absorption of the boiler from being affected by coking. The flue gas passes through the ember After entering the chamber, the temperature entering the third flue is already lower than the ash melting point, which can avoid coking on the high-temperature flue gas air preheater and subsequent heating surfaces.

5. The high-temperature flue gas air preheater, superheater, and economizer pipe rows are arranged in a row, which is convenient for dust removal.

6. The high-temperature superheater adopts downstream arrangement, which can effectively prevent high-temperature corrosion.

7. Sootblowers are arranged on each heating surface, which can remove coking and dust accumulation on the heating surface in time without affecting the heat transfer of each heating surface.

The utility model will be further introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the description and specific embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 structural representation of the specific embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is a side view of the structure of the specific embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of removing the steel frame and platform escalator in the specific embodiment of the utility model

In the figure, 1 is a reciprocating multi-row grate, 2 is a steel frame and platform escalator, 3 is a furnace, 4 is an auxiliary burner, 5 is a high-temperature flue gas air preheater, 6 is a high-temperature superheater, and 7 is a medium-temperature superheater 8 is the low-temperature superheater, 9 is the economizer, 10 is the slag and ash discharge equipment, 11 is the ember chamber, 12 is the three flue, 13 is the tail flue, 14 is the soot blower, and 15 is the front Arch, 16 is a back arch, 17 is a secondary air spout, 18 is a drum, and 19 is an ignition burner.

Detailed ways

The utility model is specifically described below through the embodiments, which are only used to further illustrate the utility model, and cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of protection of the utility model. Technical engineers in this field can make some changes to the utility model according to the content of the above utility model Non-essential improvements and adjustments.

The furnace 3 is installed on the steel frame, and the drum 18 is installed above the furnace 3, and the reciprocating multi-row fire grate 1 is arranged at the lower part of the furnace 3, and the auxiliary burner 4 is installed on the side wall at the lower part of the furnace 3, and at the lower part of the furnace 3 Ignition burner 19 is installed on the rear wall of the furnace, and after the furnace 3, an ember chamber 11, three flues 12 and tail flue 13 are arranged successively, and slag and ash removal equipment 10 are installed below the reciprocating multi-row grate 1, Platform escalator 2 is installed on the steel frame. A high-temperature flue gas air preheater 5, a high-temperature superheater 6, a medium-temperature superheater 7, and a low-temperature superheater 8 are respectively installed in the three flues 12, an economizer 9 is arranged in the tail flue 13, and a front arch 15 and rear arch 16, and secondary air 17 is arranged at the front arch 15 and rear arch 16. Soot blowers 14 are arranged on each heating surface.

The boiler is a four-pass vertical structure, that is, the domestic waste enters the reciprocating multi-row grate, and is fully burned and burned under the cooperation of the front and rear arches and the secondary air. The flue gas generated flows through the furnace and the combustion chamber in sequence , three flue and tail flue, forming a four-way return flow.

Steel frame and platform escalator 2 The steel frame is used to bear the overall weight of the boiler, and the platform escalator is used for boiler operation and maintenance.

This kind of waste incineration boiler adopts reciprocating multi-row grate, which combines the advantages of simple reverse or forward push grate, and is especially suitable for burning domestic waste with low calorific value, high moisture content and high ash content. In addition, the reasonable arrangement of front and rear arches and secondary air makes the aerodynamic field in the furnace better, and the time for garbage to stay in the furnace increases, thereby achieving better combustion effects.

Household garbage with low calorific value, high moisture content, and high ash content requires a higher temperature for combustion air. For this reason, a high-temperature flue gas air preheater is installed in the three flues, which not only meets the heat transfer effect, but also ensures the required It also reduces the re-synthesis of dioxin-like harmful substances and avoids low-temperature corrosion and ash blocking of the air preheater.

The flue gas flows in a four-way direction. When the garbage is burned, because the ash has a low melting point, it is easy to coke and accumulate ash on the heating surface. The use of flue gas four-pass flow direction is conducive to the arrangement of a heating surface with a special structure that is not easy to form coking. At the same time, no heating surface is arranged in the flue gas temperature range that is easy to coke, and the heating surface is arranged in the flue gas temperature range that is not easy to coke.

The high-temperature flue gas air preheater, superheater, and economizer pipe rows are arranged in parallel, so the gap between the pipe rows is relatively large, which is convenient for dust removal.

The high-temperature superheater adopts downstream arrangement, and the tube wall temperature is low, which can effectively prevent high-temperature corrosion.

Soot blowers are arranged on each heating surface, which can remove coking and dust accumulation on the heating surface in time without affecting the heat transfer of each heating surface.

The furnace is relatively high, and refractory castables are laid in the furnace for heat insulation to maintain the high temperature of the flue gas and ensure sufficient time to stay, which is beneficial to the elimination of harmful substances in the flue gas.

The high-temperature flue gas air preheater is made of stainless steel, which has a long service life.

At present, there is no garbage incineration boiler with four-pass vertical structure in which high-temperature flue gas air preheaters are arranged in three flues in the world, and the utility model fills up the blank.

Claims (8)

1. garbage burning boiler, burning chamber, three flues and back-end ductwork after mainly including burner hearth and being connected in burner hearth successively, drum is installed in the top of described burner hearth, the lower disposed fire grate of described burner hearth, the below of described fire grate is installed and is slagged tap and ash discharge equipment, it is characterized in that: described fire grate is a reciprocating multi-row grate type, describedly on the side wall of lower furnace portion, auxiliary burner is installed, mounting points ignition combustor on the back wall of lower furnace portion is provided with in described three flues and is disposed with high-temperature flue gas air preheater and superheater from top to bottom.

2. a kind of garbage burning boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adiabatic face arch and rear arch are arranged in described reciprocating multi-row grate type top, and arrange overfire air port at forward and backward arch.

3. a kind of garbage burning boiler according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described superheater includes high temperature superheater, medium temperature overheater and the low temperature superheater of arranging successively from top to bottom.

4. a kind of garbage burning boiler according to claim 3 is characterized in that: economizer is installed in the described back-end ductwork.

5. a kind of garbage burning boiler according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described burner hearth is installed on the steelframe, and this steelframe is equipped with the platform staircase.

6. according to claim 4 or 5 described a kind of garbage burning boilers, it is characterized in that: high-temperature flue gas air preheater, high temperature superheater, medium temperature overheater, low temperature superheater, economizer hand adopt along row and arrange.

7. a kind of garbage burning boiler according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described high temperature superheater adopts following current to arrange.

8. a kind of garbage burning boiler according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described high-temperature flue gas air preheater is a stainless steel.

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