CN201695378U - Spur dike with geogrid enrockment capturing structure - Google Patents
Spur dike with geogrid enrockment capturing structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN201695378U CN201695378U CN2010202468935U CN201020246893U CN201695378U CN 201695378 U CN201695378 U CN 201695378U CN 2010202468935 U CN2010202468935 U CN 2010202468935U CN 201020246893 U CN201020246893 U CN 201020246893U CN 201695378 U CN201695378 U CN 201695378U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a spur dike with a geogrid enrockment capturing structure, which belongs to IPC E02B3/06. The geogrid enrockment capturing structure is arranged at a spur dike water-facing surface and front two third parts of a spur dike head connected with the spur dike water-facing surface, which comprises a geogrid bottoming, a soil bag capturer and a rock block capturer; wherein, the rock block capturer is coated on the water-facing surface and the upper part of the soil bag capturer; geotextiles are arranged on the slope plane and the slop top of the earth dam body of the spur dike; a soil cushion is arranged at the upper part of the geotextile. Due to isolation and tensile-resisting function of the geogrid, the river bed is separated from the rock block, thereby increasing bearing capacity of the river bed, reducing the collapsing missing of the rock block, preventing large dangerous case and gusty dangerous case, greatly reducing accidental probability of dike shore and ensuring significant flood control security of the Yellow River.
Description
Technical field:
The utility model relates to the hydraulic engineering technical field, and particularly a kind of have a groynes that the geo-grid enrockment is attacked and occupied structure, and the IPC international Patent classificating number is E02B 3/10.
Background technology:
The downstream, the Yellow River has buttress now, and primary structure is stone masonry dam, button masonry dam and stone riprap dam.Wherein newly repair groynes and generally adopt Liu Shi to hug in the water of railway carriage or compartment to attack and occupy structure, it is fast to adopt this structure to have build speed, advantage such as can gather materials on the spot.Therefore, this form of structure is continued to use in downstream, the Yellow River dangerous section, river control works construction always.But, also there is following shortcoming according to mode of occupation analysis for many years: the one, it is bigger to account for the body volume, more with willow (straw material), and is manual operations entirely, and used artificial many, labour intensity is big, and effect is low, and construction organization is difficulty relatively; The 2nd, hug the railway carriage or compartment with Liu Shi and account for the buttress that body is built, the riverbed is dashed become silted up that to change compliance relatively poor, little danger should not find, violent pier, the big dangerous possibility of stinging suddenly, the difficulty of rescuing and protecting appear in corresponding having increased; The 3rd, Liu Shi accounts for body for a long time under water, rot easily, the utilization phase easily cause sting split, serious dangerous situation such as slump, emergency dealing not only expends more human and material resources, financial resources like this, also can give to pass the flood period and cause very big passive situation, even the dam accident can occur striding; The 4th, the willow material is gathered difficulty in recent years, and it is higher to hug the long-pending unit price of envelope, and some places have surpassed the building stones unit price, and economic benefit reduces, and environment is affected.
In view of above reason, river, Heze City the Yellow River affair office is when building Yang Jishang and prolonging, and project verification is attacked and occupied dam construction technique research to the geo-grid enrockment.The purpose of project verification research is that newly to repair groynes with the downstream, the Yellow River be research object, the traditional in the past Liu Shi of change hugs in the water of railway carriage or compartment and attacks and occupies the pattern of building a dam, geosynthetics such as geo-grid, geotextiles, geotechnological cloth bag are used to build a dam, hope is explored in the new water by test and is attacked and occupied the approach of building a dam, obtain a kind of groynes structure of attacking and occupying body in the new water that has, use this structure to be used for the emergency flood fighting engineerings such as protection of intercepting flood string ditch, facing the Huang Shundi flood passage.For this reason, river, the Yellow River, Heze affair office has set up subject study group, organizes expert and working people that problem is studied.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of groynes that the geo-grid enrockment is attacked and occupied structure that has.The technical scheme of taking for the realization the purpose of this utility model is as follows:
A kind of have a groynes that the geo-grid enrockment is attacked and occupied structure, described geo-grid enrockment is attacked and occupied structure and is arranged at preceding 2/3 part that the groynes upstream face reaches the groynes round end that is connected with the groynes upstream face, described geo-grid enrockment is attacked and occupied structure and is comprised that geo-grid shop fixtures, earth bag account for body and piece stone accounts for body, wherein, described block of stone accounts for body and is coated on upstream face and the top that described earth bag accounts for body; Domatic and the sloping top of the earth dam base of groynes is equipped with geotextiles, and the top of described geotextiles is provided with bed course.
The utility model provides has the groynes that the geo-grid enrockment is attacked and occupied structure; utilize the isolation and the tension of geo-grid to increase the resistance effect; riverbed and piece stone are kept apart; increase the riverbed bearing capacity; minimizing piece stone subsides and wanders away; avoid the appearance of big dangerous situation, burst dangerous situation, significantly reduced the probability of being in danger of dam bank, significant to guaranteeing the Yellow River flood control safety.In addition, adopt the geo-grid enrockment to attack and occupy structure, improved, safeguarded the local ecological homeostasis because of adopting Liu Shi to attack and occupy the destruction that structure is fallen trees surrounding environment is produced; In addition, groynes construction sequence of the present utility model is simple and easy, speed is fast, and the construction field few with taking, and construction costs reduces, and its society and economic benefit are tangible.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1: the floor map of groynes of the present utility model
Fig. 2: the A-A sectional drawing of groynes of the present utility model
Among the figure, 1 is the geo-grid shop fixtures, and 2 for earth bag accounts for body, and 3 for piece stone accounts for body, and 4 is the earth dam base, and 5 is geotextiles, and 6 is bed course, and 7 and 8 is rip-rap protection of slope, and 9 is 9
#The dam, 10 is 10
#The dam.
Specific embodiment:
River, Heze City the Yellow River affair office selects 9 when building Yang Jishang and prolonging
#With 10
#The dam adopts the geo-grid enrockment to attack and occupy structure and builds groynes as the experiment dam.Below from the design of design of section, material, three aspects of job practices, the specific embodiment of groynes of the present utility model is elaborated.
One, design of section
1, the design standard on dam
1.1 crest elevation
When the river control works top was high, influence was drained off floodwaters, and overflowed when low that it is many to wash away opportunity, and the reinstatement works amount is big.This engineering adds superelevation by discharge equivalent water level in the design and determines the engineering crest level.Be H=H0+ Δ H
In the formula: H-engineering crest level (m).
The design water level of the local then corresponding 5000m3/s flow of H0-
Δ H-superelevation (m) Δ H=h+a
H-bend transverse gradient is stopped up high (m) in the formula.
The a-wave is stopped up high (m).
h＝Bv2/gR
In the formula: the v-flow rate of water flow is got 2.5m/s
G-acceleration of gravity (m/s2)
The flat footpath of R-bend radius (getting 3B)
B-bend river width (calculate by analysis this section should get 544m be advisable)
The a-wave is stopped up the high B.A Pei Shijin formula of pressing and is calculated:
In the formula: the ratio of λ-wavelength and wave height, under the river condition, get λ=10
The m-slope coefficient gets 1.3
N-side slope roughness coefficien is got n=0.045 by pitched work
Δ h-wave run-up (m)
Δh＝0.37D1/2
In the formula: D-wave fetch (km), calculate by the regulation river width, and supposition wind direction and the engineering angle of cut be 450 (544m * 1.414=770m), prolong engineering wave heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots height on the poplar collection dangerous section and be:
(1)Δh＝0.37D1/2＝0.37×0.771/2＝0.32m
(3) the bend transverse gradient is stopped up high:
(4) dam crest superelevation Δ H=h+a=0.57+0.2=0.77m can stipulate that with Huang committee superelevation 1.0m is more approaching.
(5) crest elevation:
According to [1996] No. 50 gists of a document of Huang committee meeting the Yellow River affair, crest elevation is got local then big river flow 5000m
3/ s equivalent water level superelevation 1.0m prolongs engineering 5000m in 2000 on the poplar collection dangerous section by analysis
3/ s equivalent water level is 51.32m (Huanghai Sea, down together), and promptly H=H0+ Δ H=51.32+1.0=52.32m gets 52.32m.Therefore, 9～10
#Dam design crest elevation is 52.32m.
1.2 working water level
According to the prediction that the Yellow River Lai Shui behind this year flood is come husky situation, consider factors such as Xiaolangdi Dam Project retaining utilization, determine that the construction flow is by high village 500m
3/ s, grandson's mouth 400m
3/ s considers.Extrapolate on the poplar collection dangerous section and prolong engineering 9～10
#The construction flow on dam is 420m
3/ s, working water level are 48.54m.
1.3 the construction period depth of water
Select 1～4 for use
#The dam construction period is surveyed mean depth 6.0m before accounting for body, and the maximum scour hole depth of water is selected scour hole design formulas before the groynes dam commonly used for use before the dam:
In the formula: H, H0 wash away the dark and depth of water of advancing of effluent before being respectively the dam, and H0=3.0m, V0 are velocity of approach before the dam, get 3.0m/s; M is the groynes slope coefficient, gets 1.3, and α is the angle of water (flow) direction and groynes axis, gets 600.
Contrast is thought according to result of calculation and downstream, the Yellow River practical experience: to get 13m be safe to the maximum scour hole depth of water before this dam, section, and the construction period is got 6.0m, can satisfy construction requirement.
2, the engineering structures on dam
2.1 structural shape
9
#, 10
#The test dam is to attack and occupy the round end groynes in the water, attacks and occupies structure in its water and adopts the geo-grid enrockment to attack and occupy structure to substitute traditional Liu Shi and attack and occupy structure, replace traditional clay dam tire with geotextiles.All the other bank protections are stone riprap, and earth dam base loam fills.
2.2 attack and occupy structure design
Owing to prolong 9 on the poplar of the design collection dangerous section
#, 10
#When constructing, the dam attacks and occupies in whole water, consider the uncertainty of upland water, design adopts the geo-grid enrockment to attack and occupy structure, preceding 2/3 part of the groynes round end that is arranged at the groynes upstream face and is connected with the groynes upstream face, the geo-grid enrockment is attacked and occupied structure and is comprised that geo-grid shop fixtures 1, piece stone account for body 3 and earth bag accounts for body 2, wherein, described block of stone accounts for body 3 and is coated on upstream face and the top that described earth bag accounts for body 2; The laying length of geo-grid shop fixtures 1 is determined according to the maximum scour hole that the groynes different parts may form.The main effect of geo-grid shop fixtures 1 is to utilize isolation and tension to increase the resistance effect riverbed and piece stone are kept apart, and increases the riverbed bearing capacity, subsides with minimizing piece stone and wanders away, and improves the globality and the stability of attacking and occupying structure.Attack and occupy structure depth of water 5m, flow velocity is 1～1.5m/s, and riverbed earthen is sandy soil.For satisfying the construction plant requirement, attack and occupy the structure top width and get 3.5m, exceed working water level 0.5m, to attack and occupy structure upstream face side slope and got 1: 1.3 by downstream, the Yellow River groynes root stone stability requirement, the back side side slope is pressed earth bag natural stability side slope and is considered maximum account for high 5.5m at 1: 1.Lighter owing to washing away behind the dam, 1/3 part and back side are not repaiied and are attacked and occupied structure behind the dam round end.In order to protect earth dam base 4 effectively, lay geotextiles 5 behind the smooth stone as anti-filter separation layer, for protection geotextiles 5, between the soil body and smooth stone, lay sandstone material.For preventing that overproof flood from overflowing the dam and causing the erosion damage of earth dam base, with geotextiles 5 along the dam crest lay to the back dam abutment, and add a cover bed course 6 protections.
2.3 earth dam base design
According to the Yellow River downstream channel training works temporary provisions, the width at dam crest of earth dam base 4 is 15m, crest level 52.32m (Huanghai Sea basic point), and earth dam base 4 is non-to be wrapped up in and protects that part is met, back side side slope above water is 1: 2, and underwater portion is 1: 4.The wide 10m of connection dam crest, waterborne side slope is 1: 2, underwater portion is 1: 4.
2.4 revetment design
Adopt rip-rap protection of slope 7 and 8, outer slope is from attacking and occupying slope, structure downstream slope top to dam crest, and outer slope is 1: 1.5, and inner slope is 1: 1.3, smooth stone top width 1m.
Two, material design
1, geosynthetics
According to geosynthetics state-of-the-art and China's relevant specification, geosynthetics can be divided into four big classes such as geotextile, geomembrane, geosynthetics material and geotechnological special material at present, and this project is in conjunction with actual geotextile and the geotechnological special material selected for use.
1.1 geotextile
The develop rapidly of polymer chemistry industry in modern age is produced the synthetic fibers of various different qualities, as terylene, polyamide fibre, polypropylene fibre etc., for industry has been established material base with the development of geotextile.The performance of chemical fibre is better than string, has high strength, high-modulus, premium properties such as acidproof, alkaline-resisting, anticorrosive, therefore uses geotextiles in this project, bag carries out protection of earth dam anti-impact and bank protection.
1) geotextiles, bag preventive works have following characteristics:
(1) speed of application is fast, work efficiency is high, the duration is short;
(2) can directly construct under water, need not to build cofferdam and construction drainage, therefore can be significantly reduced to this;
(3) geotextiles, bag is flexible good, can change and foundation deformation by adaptation to the ground;
(4) geotextiles, the native bank protection good integrity of bag, the wind and wave resistance impact capacity is strong;
(5) mechanization of building operation degree height can reduce the labour in a large number and reduce labour intensity;
(6) ratio of material dosage pitched work much less (only 1/3) significantly reduces the transport of materials amount and saves the windrow place;
(7) maintenance cost, long service life;
2) kind of geotextiles, bag:
Material according to cloth, bag is different with processing technology, cloth, bag can be divided into woven cloth, bag and simple and easy cloth bag two big classes.Woven cloth bag is two-layer fabric cloth, the bag that is made into by special textile technology, and its material has polypropylene fibre, polyamide fibre, the bright and beautiful third gradegrade C.Woven cloth bag divides five kinds on rectangle type, hinge type, dumbbell shape, blossom type and sash type etc. again.
Simple and easy cloth, bag are to adopt the cheap polypropylene woven cloth of price comparison to make by hand, and its casting resin is generally earth material and cement mortar, also can establish the nonwoven filtering layer in addition below cloth bag, to guarantee base stabilization.
1.2 geo-grid
Geo-grid is a kind of of geotechnological special material, is the novel geosynthetics that grows up behind geotextile.Its manufacturing is punching on high density polyethylene (HDPE) (HDPE) or polypropylene (PP) sheet material, then the heating carry out unidirectional or biaxial tension (the former has stronger intensity on draw direction, the latter all has higher intensity on two draw directions), make it and the bar case form is arranged or the tensile materials of square grid palisade, be called geo-grid (geogrid).
Geo-grid is divided into simple tension SR and biaxial tension SS two big series.Unidirectional geo-grid adopts polyethylene production, and two-way geo-grid adopts polypropylene production.The main cause of doing like this is: (1) high density polyethylene (HDPE) is a linear structure, side chain is few, degree of crystallinity is high (75～90%), so, it has good mechanical strength, higher rigidity and toughness, higher surface hardness and serviceability temperature (80 degree), good solvent resistance, resistance to acids and bases and dimensional stability and environmental stress crack resistance preferably, shortcoming is that stretch percentage elongation is bigger, is generally about 12%; (2) polypropylene is the linear structure that pending methyl group is arranged, and it has than polyethylene excellent mechanical intensity and impact strength, higher rigidity and resistance to deflection, higher heat resisting temperature and good chemical resistance more, and shortcoming is fragile under low temperature, easily aging.
After geo-grid stretched, intensity generally improved 5～10 times, near the tensile strength of high-quality mild steel.The simple tension grid only stretches along the sheet material length direction and makes; The biaxial tension grid then is to continue the grid of simple tension is being made with the direction stretching of its length again.What this engineering adopted is the geo-grid of biaxial tension.
Geo-grid and geotextiles physico mechanical characteristic see Table 1, table 2.
Table 1 geo-grid physico mechanical characteristic table
| Project | Unit | Index | Remarks |
| Fabric width | m | 2.5 | |
| The checkerwork cell size | mm | 74×74 | |
| Rib is thick | mm | 5.9 | |
| Lattice are heavy | kg/m2 | 0.55 | |
| Maximum stretching force | kg/m | 6.4 | |
| Deformation rate during maximum load | ％ | 18.6 | |
| The corresponding load of 10% distortion | kg/m | 5.74 | |
| 50% maximum load corresponding deformation rate | ％ | 4.4 |
Table 2 geotextiles physical performance index
2, the dam foundation material that bankets
The earth material of building a dam should be paid the utmost attention to and gather materials on the spot, but should select the moderate few cohesive soil of viscosity for use.Must be before the excavation of stock ground with the impurity and the removings such as mold, root system of plant on its top layer.Earthwork construction fills quality specifications, and degree of compaction is by 0.92 control that is not less than used earth material maximum dry density, and minimum dry density is not less than 1.5m3/t.
3, building stones
Should meet the requirement of SDJ17-78 " Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering natural building material prospecting rules ".The weather resistance performance is good, and the freeze thawing loss late is less than 1%.Fresh complete, the scleroid stone of general employing, unit weight is 2.6t/m3.Piece stone particle diameter is not flushed away by the opposing water impact and is principle, requires upper and lower surface parallel, no wedge angle, featheredge, and piece is thick should be greater than 20cm, and length should be 1.7～3.0 times of thickness, and width is 1.5～2.0 times of thickness; The stone riprap out-of-shape, in the thick 15cm that is no less than, the stone of not enough 30kg should not be made jackstone, simultaneously smooth stone size matching makes protection body that certain grating be arranged.
4, sandy gravel
Weather resistance, water stability is good, and mud content is less than 3%, and grain composition is moderate, good water permeability, and seepage deformation should not take place.
5, galvanized wire
Galvanized wire is mainly used in the establishment of galvanized wire cage, and quality will meet national standard (GB3081-82), specification 12#, and toughness is moderate, and surperficial degree zinc standard is not less than D grade standard among the GB/T15393-94.
6, earth bag
Attacking and occupying used earth bag in the water can make at the scene, earlier geotextiles is sewn into openings at one side cloth bag (also can directly order cloth bag from producer), and the suitable earth material of packing into is stocky, standby after sealing with sealing machine.When adopting artificial throwing to fill out, what geotechnological cloth bag can be done is suitable littler, is advisable with each earth bag 50～100kg, generally is not less than 50kg.When adopting the machinery throwing to fill out, it is suitably big that geotechnological cloth bag can be done.
Three, job practices
1, test dam construction technology main points
The construction content mainly is that the earthwork is filled, and geo-grid connects, lays, and enrockment, earth bag are attacked and occupied, and lay erosion control cloth and rock revetment.
The geo-grid enrockment program of building a dam generally was divided into for four steps: the one, and join the dam earthwork earlier and fill; The 2nd, the lay geo-grid; The 3rd, enrockment and geotechnological cloth bag are attacked and occupied; The 4th, the dam foundation earthwork is filled and lay erosion control geotextiles; The 5th, loose and throw rip-rap protection of slope.
The construction technology main points:
(1) the earthwork construction degree of compaction is by 0.92 control that is not less than used earth material maximum dry density, and minimum dry density is not less than 1.5m3/t.
(2) engineering is hard, fresh with the necessary quality of stone, and proportion bans use of the weathering stone more than 2.6t/m3, and the stone of not enough 30kg should not be made jackstone.
(3) check before the construction of geo-grid and geotextiles check whether material therefor and processing and fabricating adhere to specification, have harmless etc.
(4) geotextiles and grid are used wide cut as far as possible, reduce stitching capacity and should make the splicing of being satisfied with under unfavorable conditions; Adjacent fiber bale splices available overlap joint or sews up, and should be combined into the block of requirement size in factory as far as possible; Twist on the steel pipe, properly be transported to the building site.
(5) smooth place, the cleaning paved surface, removing might damage the foreign material of geosynthetics; Perform water seepage drainage facility, dig fixedly ditch.
(6) geo-grid is laid, the straight tensioning of energy of should trying one's best, and arranged direction should be consistent with its maximum stretching strain direction of estimating in the soil body as far as possible; Remove the ground foreign material, the grade, outfit and car, ship put in place; With grid in accordance with regulations size cut, be combined into sheet, seam must not be perpendicular to the maximum load direction, the seam stitch density is should the row's of making body unlikely when load-bearing bursts forth or breaks; Screening is made on nonirrigated farmland or beach; Seam muscle rope should stay the surplus width of cloth of 1m～2m in the screening on the length direction, and voltage supply is carried the soil pillow and used; Pastern divides floating drum around the screening, utilizes ship that screening is transported to the precalculated position sinking.Often slower during sinking, throw at any time than pouch soil, treat all to sink down into the end, evenly throw the ballast stone again to stipulating requirement; Can wear earlier on row's body is prefabricated briquetting.
(7) laying of geotextiles on domatic, is put coiled material to the end, slope from the exhibition of blowing slowly of top, slope; Fixedly ditch is imbedded in sloping bottom, top, slope.Lay should carry out at dry and warm weather; Do not answer tension during lay, should stop the enough surplus width of cloth (about 1.5%), so that splicing and adaptation temperature Change; During lay with the shop with pressure, in case wind; Seam should be parallel with the maximum pull direction; The cutting size is paid special attention in domatic knee; Find damage during construction, should study for a second time courses one has flunked immediately; Keep a close eye on fire prevention, must not smoke; The constructor should wear no spikes or rubber soled shoes.
2, dam foundation construction
2.1 dam foundation cleaning
(1) dam foundation is before last soil, by design and code requirement, at first carries out basic smooth cleaning, thoroughly weed a garden, all foreign material such as brick stone, and with the substrate compacting, compacting
It is consistent that dry density and dam body fill the design dry density.
(2) basal plane of dam body, bedding, ballast, the cleaning border is 30～50cm outside design basal plane sideline.
2.2 construction survey, setting-out
By regulation and drawing requirement shop worker's alignment of technical specification, comprised dam foundation edge before last soil, the particular locations such as field, spoil ground that fetch earth will be indicated its profile in the lump.
2.3 dam material
2.3.1 Tu Chang planning
Tu Chang is chosen in and prolongs head on the engineering on the poplar collection dangerous section, and soil property is a loam, and water content is generally 18.5%, and haul distance is 1000～1500m.
2.3.2 earth material collection and selection
(1) preceding impurity and removings such as mold, root system of plant of borrow area excavation with its top layer.
(2) because the natural moisture content of earth material during near the construction control lower limit, adopts the facade excavation.
2.4 dam body fills
2.4.1 fill operation
(1) surface relief is begun successively to fill by lower by horizontal slice not at ordinary times, must not fill out along the shop, slope.
(2) scope of operation segmentation is different and different according to the construction stage.During independent cubic metre of earth of filling construction, take 9
#, 10
#The dam foundation and company's dam integral body are respectively as a job step; When soil, cubic meter of stone crossed construction, with 8～9
#Dam Lian Ba, 9
#Dam and 9～10
#Dam Lian Ba, 10
#The dam is divided into job step, goes up native operation in turn.
By the unified shop of scope of operation layering soil, unification rolled, and forbids to occur sulcus terminalis when (3) shop was native.
(4) scope of operation of adjacent construction section is balanced rises, if section with section between when unavoidably the discrepancy in elevation occurring, join and greater than 1: 5 with slope.
(5) spread the earth material surface before compacting when being dried, it is moistening to sprinkle water.
During (6) as if quality problems such as discovery local " spring soil ", interlayer light face, interlayer hollow, loosen the soil layer or shear failure, in time handle.
(7) if build a dam basic earth material water content when higher, for guaranteeing engineering construction quality, should strict control speed of application.
(8) fill a vacancy and mouthful handle accounting for the interim ramp, last dam of pressing the dam body section, the old soil plane that will harden is loose, with the earth material unification of new shop by filling the requirement compaction in layers.
(9) after the full section of dam body fills and finishes, will do whole sloping compacting and cut the slope and handle, and to the hollow on bank protection ground, dam body both sides spread fill and lead up whole.
2.4.2 stone operation
(1) by designing requirement with earth material shop to stipulating the position, sand material or other permeable material and viscosity earth material are not mixed, the impurity in the last dike earth material is removed;
(2) arrowhead of layer thickness and soil block diameter is determined by field compaction test.This construction is preceding 8～9
#Dam Lian Ba has done field compaction test, uses east-75 bulldozers to determine to roll empty base thickness 25cm, and number of rolling is advisable for 6 times.
When (3) stone is to the limit, dam, in the certain surplus of design sideline outside extra-fill; The machinery stone is no less than 30cm.
2.4.3 compacting operation
(1) the rolling compaction machine direction of travel is parallel to the axis of dam:
(2) segmentation, burst roll, and the overlap joint that faces the scope of operation mutually rolls width, and parallel axis of dam direction is not less than 0.5m; Vertical axis of dam direction is not less than 0.3m;
(3) local dead angle hand compaction;
(4) bulldozer rolling speed control middling speed is 2 grades.
3, geo-grid connects and lay
3.1 the sanction of geo-grid is pieced together
The secondary wide 2.5m of the geo-grid monolithic of manufacturer production, long 30～40m does not wait, and concrete yardstick is decided according to the splicing finished size.Should cut out assembly during use.Cut out to piece together and to meet the principle of " stop lap width, the material that practices every conceivable frugality, finished product satisfies drawingdimension ".Concrete sanction assembly is decided according to drawingdimension.Good geo-grid piecemeal should be arranged in order to cut out assembly, and as far as possible with cutting out with connecting, in case confusion.
3.2 the connection of geo-grid
The connection of geo-grid should be carried out in rather spacious position, and for improving connection speed, good piecemeal is pieced together at first will to cut out assembly.After preferably the sanction assembly finishes again, connect immediately, to reduce the process of turnup and lay.Take the binding overlap joint being connected between piece and the piece, overlap wide 15～20cm.Each lattice eye of lap-joint is all used the nylon rope colligation, and the tensile force of nylon rope should be less than the tensile force of geo-grid, and diameter is advisable with 5mm.
3.3, the sanction of geo-grid pieces together and the quality inspection that is connected
3.3.1 quality control will meet the following requirements:
(1) geo-grid should smooth nothing wear out.
(2) connect the finished product yardstick and should be not less than drawingdimension.
(3) the splicing width between piece and the piece must not be less than 15cm.
(4) each lattice eye of lap-joint is all used the nylon rope colligation, and the eye of leakage phenomenon must not be arranged, and ties up a fast knot every 0.80m.
3.3.2 the quality examination sampling point is by following requirement:
Sampling point is representative, evenly distributes on the whole, and nonvoluntary selecting, the special circumstances sampling adds dated.
3.3.3 the quality examination quantity of sampling quantity will meet the following requirements:
(1) the every 30m of smooth and aging inspection
2Take a sample 1.
(2) overlap joint, binding are checked along 1 of the long every 5m sampling of seam.
(3) after the check, Local treatment is answered at the underproof position of all samplings, can continue next procedure through reviewing after qualified.
The method of inspection is taked self check and sampling observation way of combining, and sampling observation quantity is by 1/3 of self check.
3.3.4 splicing geo-grid yardstick
Splice 6 of geo-grid altogether.Specification 20.9 * 20m wherein
21,20.9 * 23.2m
22,23.2 * 23m
22,48.5 * 23m
21.
3.4 the lay of geo-grid
3.4.1 geo-grid lay basic demand
(1) determining of geo-grid lay position: should guarantee that geo-grid is held and embrace not to be drawn out and it is exceeded wrap up in beyond the watch box toe and be no less than 5m, so that change with scour hole.Because the variation of execution conditions, particular location should be according to the design of geo-grid layout, and the water gage during according to lay calculates actual lay position, and the long limit of geo-grid is parallel with the axis of dam during lay.Prolong engineering 9#, 10# dam geo-grid lay plan-position figure on the poplar collection dangerous section.
(2) position calibration method: the method that can take to play the control stake is carried out plane control, all is provided with in land and the water.When playing the control stake, the inside and outside contour break all will be installed, and every grid will have 4 control stakes to control, in case dislocation.
(3) connected mode: the mode of overlap joint is adopted in the connection of piece between piece, overlaps wide 15cm～20cm.
(4) lay order: generally should be from the bank, first shallow water, back deep water carry out successively, are convenient to overlap joint like this, and its lap length is 5m.
(5) grid fixing means: behind the grid lay, fix with galvanized wire cage and piece stone, in case washout.
3.4.2 the lay execution conditions of geo-grid
By under the big slide situation, the difficulty of geo-grid lay is very big, machinery, ship, execution control are had relatively high expectations, so lay grid GPRS opportune moment.Ying Yixiao water is advisable.Prolong 9 on the poplar collection dangerous section
#, 10
#Should the big river flow 450m in place when geo-grid is laid on the dam
3About/s.
3.4.3 the lay of geo-grid
Prolong engineering 9 on the poplar collection dangerous section
#, 10
#The geo-grid lay on dam adopts the method that manually combines with ship respectively according to depth of water difference.At first concentrate the grid of personnel's lay shoal, treat that the shoal lay finishes, utilize ship to carry out deep water place grid lay again.Which kind of mode no matter all will be carried out under the commander agreeing.(1) depth of water is utilized artificial directly lay during less than 0.5m/s less than the 1.0m water flow velocity.Organize natatory constructor 40 people altogether, personnel are dragged to assigned address from the bank with grid, according to command grid are pushed over the river bed.And the galvanized wire cage that will be contained in advance on the ship pushes 1m along the every interval 3m of periphery
3The galvanized wire cage is pushed down grid, and a small amount of stone riprap is shed in the centre.When (2) depth of water was greater than 1.0m, we organized 2 ships, and 1 is carried out lay, in addition 1 shipment galvanized wire cage.Be the control ship, 3～4 the galvanized wire cages of jettisoninging in the upstream of lay grid, 1 the galvanized wire cage of jettisoninging in axis of dam dead ahead, and reserve on the operation ship that hawser is connected in the lay grid.During lay, still organize natatory constructor 40 people, at first the good grid of overlap joint is spooled and is put on the ship, select long ship as far as possible for use, as do not have long ship and two canoes can be connected together, be filled to few 4 1m simultaneously on the ship
3The galvanized wire cage drives towards control stake assigned address with ship, and galvanized wire cage on geo-grid edge connection is shifted the river bed together onto, considers washed away toward the downstream by current in the galvanized wire cage sinking process, and ship will exceed control line upstream 0.5m a little.Act in accordance with current during lay in principle, be convenient to like this geo-grid is launched, during to downstream control stake, again the galvanized wire cage is connected grid and push over the river bed together.Be the control ship simultaneously, 3～4 the galvanized wire cages of can the suitable place in the river course jettisoninging in advance, and reserve hawser and be connected on the operation ship.Two kinds of localization methods all should be shed a small amount of stone riprap on grid, make grid be close to bed surface.
3.4.4 grid lay points for attention
(1) confidential getting hold of during the geo-grid lay generally is advisable with little water.
During (2) with the ship lay, must be with staying rope to control the direction of travel and the position of ship well, in case geo-grid is torn.
(3) necessarily push down behind the grid lay, in case swept away by current with galvanized wire cage and piece stone.
(4) control stake will scribble that color is distinguished or branch odd even numbering, so that be unlikely to heavily to spread or leak the shop when the lay grid.
3.5 grid spreading control
(1) geo-grid lay scope should cover the scope of control stake control.
(2) the lap width 5m between piece and the piece.
(3) geo-grid must not have the knuckle phenomenon.
4, piece stone accounts for body and earth bag and accounts for body and repair and do
4.1 material purchases
Building stones buyings: building stones are from the buying of silver-colored mountain building stones factory, and the weather resistance performance is good, and the freeze thawing spoilage is less than 1%, and piece stone is fresh complete, and quality is hard, unit weight 2.6t/m
3Monolithic weight 30～150kg, size matching makes protection body that certain grating be arranged.If the outward transport building stones do not catch up with, can employ earlier to be equipped with and prevent stone, replenish again after using.
4.2 geotechnological cloth bag filling
4.2.1 the position is selected: geotechnological cloth bag filling should be chosen in nearer apart from the dam, the place is open, the position being convenient to fetch earth.
4.2.2 placement method:
(1) hand packing method: directly by people's frock soil.One group of general 3 people, 1 people's handbag mouth, 2 human spades dress soil, dress soil is stocky.This method efficient is low, and labour intensity is big, organize more personnel, and it is standby to install the part earth bag in advance.
(2) filling-up mechanically method: can utilize sack filling machine to pack to develop, the efficient height, speed is fast, can be with dress with usefulness.
(3) geotechnological cloth bag seals: adopt sewing machine to seal.For ease of sealing, the earth bag that installs will be arranged in order.
Prolong 9,10 on the poplar collection dangerous section
#Mainly take the method for hand packing in the dam construction, organize filling personnel 150 people altogether, sealing personnel 8 people, 6 of sealing machines.Adorn earth bag 3320m altogether
3And the earth bag that will make is left concentratedly together.
4.2.3 quality requirement:
(1) geotechnological cloth bag filling in accordance with regulations.Both must not overfill, can't seal, can not be less than the requirement of single weight 75kg.
(2) geotechnological cloth bag should be avoided the sunlight direct projection as far as possible, with anti-aging.Adopt the standby cloth bag of hand packing, cover with things such as paulins.
4.3, piece stone and geotechnological cloth bag attack and occupy
4.3.1 the method for attacking and occupying
Being divided into mechanical execution according to depth of water difference attacks and occupies with the artificial construction and attacks and occupies two kinds of methods.
(1) mechanical execution is attacked and occupied: earth bag is attacked and occupied the geotechnological cloth bag that will make with dump truck, tractor, tricycle and is transported to the job site, and bag is thrown in self-unloading.The job site arranges 2 to detect manually in addition, feels at any time, satisfy yardstick after, in time stop, changing and throw piece stone.Piece stone is attacked and occupied and is adopted dump truck, tractor stone transporting, self-unloading jackstone.For reducing loading and unloading, hill can be advanced the unification of stone vehicle and concentrate in together, concentrate the fragmentary earth bag stone of jettisoninging in order, feel at any time, satisfy yardstick after, in time stop, arranging 2 general labourers to clear up the earth bag cubic meter of stone not in place at any time simultaneously.
(2) artificial construction attacks and occupies: attack and occupy under the not enough situation of tissue at mechanical execution, also can utilize artificial throwing earth bag to attack and occupy, both can also can concentrate and throw the earth bag of putting deposit with dress with throwing.Attack and occupy manually that speed of application is slow, efficient is low, generally should not adopt.
No matter take which kind of method to attack and occupy, body to be accounted for surfaces behind the 0.5m, will account for the leveling of body end face with bulldozer.
4.3.2 attack and occupy order:, should begin to jettisoning by an end when beginning to attack and occupy, and can attack and occupy simultaneously on many dams to the front, dam because it is narrower to account for body.Consider factors such as construction manpower, determine the length of attacking and occupying of every day (and dividing the morning, afternoon) according to Construction traffic.Section length is too small, and vehicle should not be allocated; Length is excessive, accounts for the unsuitable water outlet of body.Be advisable with 15～20m general every day.
Prolong 9～10 on the poplar collection dangerous section
#In the dam construction, what take mainly is mechanical execution.Organize 110 vehicles every day, average every day jackstone 680m
3, earth bag 660m
3, be total to jackstone side jackstone 5280m
3, earth bag 3320m
3Used building stones are equipped with anti-stone 1032m
3, hill building stones 4248m
3Account for body crest level 49.3m, top width 3.5m.
4.3.3 attack and occupy points for attention
(1) gets hold of the opportunity of attacking and occupying, generally be advisable, and avoid big slide with little water.
(2) must control well and attack and occupy the position, and in time survey the situation of attacking and occupying.
(3) whenever attack and occupy 7～10m, account for behind the body lay geotextiles in time, and water soil and hold one's breath.Account for and water soil behind the body and want in time, it is too fast to the korneforos progress to make sure to keep in mind to account for body, and it is slow to water the soil speed of holding one's breath, and forms Dulong and goes into the river, cause account for that body runs off or under sting.
5, geotextiles lay
Geotextiles 5 construction comprises following operation: smoothly roll place, fabric get the raw materials ready processing, laying, backfill and surface protection.
5.1 the smooth place of rolling
Before the lay geotextiles 5, it is smooth to account for the concavo-convex stone in surface.The smooth dam facing in earth dam base 4 positions, and dam facing is trimmed to design grade.Under the condition that does not influence geotextiles 5 layings, can suitably increase its rugosity, to increase friction factor, irregularity degree is got 0.02～0.05m.
5.2 cutting out, geotextiles pieces together
The geotextiles fabric width that producer provides is 4m, considers that geotextiles is subjected to displacement during operation, takes overlap joint.
5.3 the lay of geotextiles and surface protection
1) in order to prevent the dam soil loss after the geo-grid enrockment is attacked and occupied structure,, attack and occupy behind structure, the rip-rap protection of slope and the equal lay one deck of dam crest geotextiles 5 according to designing requirement.Geotextiles 5 laies adopt and to attack and occupy structure downstream slope, back bank protection, the principle of dam crest more earlier.Each accounts for two of shop geotextiles.Wherein, account for one of body downstream slope, interior one of the bank protection and the dam foundation adopt overlapping mode to connect between two, the long 1.5～2.0m of overlap joint.Account for the lay of body downstream slope: the shallow place of water is directly by manually leaving behind and being that earth bag is pressed into the river bed; Depth of water place spools geotextiles to be put in and accounts for the body top, with ship the vertical axis of dam of geotextiles is launched then, stops in the lap length of bank protection section by dam one side, wearing by ship one side is earth bag or galvanized wire cage, earth bag is pushed in the water, geotextiles is evenly sunk, be laid on the river bed.Bank protection and dam foundation lay need can carry out behind the compacting of earth dam base, whole slope, whole top, treat that the earth dam base builds when rising 1.0m, and the geotextiles lay of bank protection and dam crest is good.Take overlap joint along axis of dam direction piece and piece during lay, overlap wide 0.5m.In addition, face the rectangle groove that 0.5m * 0.5m is respectively dug in the inboard 1.0m of back of the body shoulder position, be used for fixing geotextiles along the dam foundation.For preventing that geotextiles from puncturing and aging damage, to protect with the geotextiles that earth bag will account for behind the body, all the other positions take to protect with the method for soil padding buried depth 0.5m.
2) during lay, should meet following requirement:
(1) make every effort to smooth-going, the degree of tightness appropriateness, must not stretching tight, it is tight to be pulled through; Geotextiles should be closely connected with native face, do not interspace, and should prevent fold.
(2) find that fabric diminishes, should repair immediately and change.
(3) paviour should wear soft sole, in order to avoid the damage fabric.
(4) behind the geotextile laying, should avoid solar radiation, should fill out the 0.3m bed course that loosens the soil on domatic, the side allows gently to roll close, must not use heavy-duty machinery or vibrating roller compacting.
(5) dam facing laying geotextiles should be imbedded in the anchoring ditch.
5.4 quality control
(1) geotextiles should smooth nothing wear out.
(2) lap width between piece and the piece should satisfy following requirement: along axis of dam direction piece and piece overlap joint is wide must not be less than 0.5m.Account for that overlap joint length must not be less than 1.5～2.0m between two of body downstream slope and bank protection and the dam foundations.
6, rip-rap protection of slope 7 and 8 construction
Adopt mechanical execution, i.e. dump truck, tractor, tricycle stone transporting, jackstone, bulldozer pushes away stone and puts in place.Adopt the building stones quality hard fresh, weight is more than 30kg.Crest level 52.32m, side slope is 1: 1.3 in the top width 1.0m, smooth stone, outer side slope 1: 1.5.Sting stubble inside and outside during jackstone, bulk outside, fritter is in the lining, jackstone will be thrown relatively large stone to strengthen the ability of anti-current scour during near design grade when the gradient as far as possible.After jackstone is finished, will suitably pick up out float stone, accomplish not have trip stone, no boulder, gravelstone, make the smooth-going design grade that reaches in outer slope.
It is a kind of new structure that geo-grid enrockment of the present utility model is attacked and occupied, and construction sequence is simple and easy, speed is fast, and the construction field few with taking.This engineering is attacked and occupied utilization first in the construction at the Yellow River Channel training works, and the use through long-term facts have proved it is successful.According to engineering construction and operation and observation analysis, it is simple to build dam bank technology with geo-grid, technical feasibility, and construction costs reduces, and the bank probability of being in danger in dam reduces, and its society and economic benefit are tangible.
Claims (1)
1. one kind has the groynes that the geo-grid enrockment is attacked and occupied structure, described geo-grid enrockment is attacked and occupied structure and is arranged at preceding 2/3 part that the groynes upstream face reaches the groynes round end that is connected with the groynes upstream face, described geo-grid enrockment is attacked and occupied structure and is comprised that geo-grid shop fixtures (1), earth bag account for body (2) and piece stone accounts for body (3), wherein, described block of stone accounts for body (3) and is coated on upstream face and the top that described earth bag accounts for body (2); Domatic and the sloping top of the earth dam base (4) of groynes is equipped with geotextiles (5), and the top of described geotextiles (5) is provided with bed course (6).
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103195020A (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2013-07-10 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Submerged spur dike suitable for natural marginal bank form |
| CN103526757A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-22 | 浙江钱塘江水利建筑工程公司 | Pile type spur dike body vibration pile sinking construction method |
| CN104631383A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-20 | 河海大学 | Flexible ecological spur dike system |
| CN105170606A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2015-12-23 | 广东安元矿业勘察设计有限公司 | Method for building green pyramid landscape with unrecyclable rubbish |
| CN109252487A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2019-01-22 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | A kind of I-shaped dam and its ecotechnology for ecological recovery and protection |
| CN109629585A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-16 | 三峡大学 | Novel cofferdam structure and construction method under soft overburden |
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- 2010-07-05 CN CN2010202468935U patent/CN201695378U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103195020A (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2013-07-10 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Submerged spur dike suitable for natural marginal bank form |
| CN103526757A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-22 | 浙江钱塘江水利建筑工程公司 | Pile type spur dike body vibration pile sinking construction method |
| CN104631383A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-20 | 河海大学 | Flexible ecological spur dike system |
| CN105170606A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2015-12-23 | 广东安元矿业勘察设计有限公司 | Method for building green pyramid landscape with unrecyclable rubbish |
| CN109252487A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2019-01-22 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | A kind of I-shaped dam and its ecotechnology for ecological recovery and protection |
| CN109629585A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-16 | 三峡大学 | Novel cofferdam structure and construction method under soft overburden |
| CN109629585B (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2024-03-12 | 三峡大学 | Novel cofferdam structure under weak covering layer and construction method |
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