CN201689934U - Membrane electrode component with integrated flow field structure - Google Patents
Membrane electrode component with integrated flow field structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN201689934U CN201689934U CN2010201168079U CN201020116807U CN201689934U CN 201689934 U CN201689934 U CN 201689934U CN 2010201168079 U CN2010201168079 U CN 2010201168079U CN 201020116807 U CN201020116807 U CN 201020116807U CN 201689934 U CN201689934 U CN 201689934U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a membrane electrode component with an integrated flow field structure, and comprises two gas diversion layers, two gas diffusion layers, two catalyst layers and a proton exchange membrane layer, wherein the two catalyst layers are arranged on the proton exchange membrane layer to form an intermediate layer, the two gas diffusion layers are respectively connected with the intermediate layer and are arranged on two sides of the intermediate layer, and the two gas diversion layers are respectively connected with the two gas diffusion layers. In the utility model, the conventional structure of the membrane electrode of a fuel cell is changed, the gas diversion function is added, and the membrane electrode with high integration is obtained, therefore a practical method for realizing the industrial production with production line, low cost and high integrated level is provided.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the membrane electrode assembly of the integrating flow field structure in the proton exchanging film fuel battery.
Background technology
Fuel cell is the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) that a kind of chemical energy that directly will be stored in fuel (as hydrogen) and the oxidant (as air) is converted into electric energy efficient, environmentally friendlyly, it possesses these advantages and has been acknowledged as following electrical source of power, but how to improve its integrated level, the production cost that reduces fuel cell has become the significant obstacle that its commercialization faces.
With regard to reducing the fuel cell cost, sum up content and the work of getting up mainly to comprise following several respects:
1 selects material more cheaply
2 reduce the consumption of material
3 simplify or change battery structure
4 optimize the production process of battery and each parts thereof, realize mass production
Membrane electrode (MEA) is the core component of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, and present MEA is mainly by a layer proton exchange membrane, two-layer Catalytic Layer (title three-in-one component) or add two-layer diffusion layer (claiming the five in one assembly again) and form.Gas flowfield is combined on graphite or the metal sheet by technologies such as machining or cast moldings, is called as flow-field plate or bipolar plates, MEA and bipolar plates encapsulant is combined again, and forms Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.
Usually, fuel and oxidant enter the fuel cell that is assembled into by five in one MEA and bipolar plates, all need to be assigned to by the flow field on the bipolar plates earlier the gaseous diffusion laminar surface of MEA, enter into Catalytic Layer generation electrocatalytic reaction again, be converted into electric energy, the water that generates is diffused into the gaseous diffusion laminar surface, discharges fuel cell by the flow field again.
Bipolar plates has effects such as gas barrier, gas flow guiding, conduction concurrently in fuel cell, its traditional manufacturing process is to process the flow field on graphite or metal tabula rasa.This is similar to machining process such as digital control processing, can realize small lot batch manufacture, but it faces problems such as processing length consuming time, cost height.If adopt the technology of straight formings such as casting or punching press, though can reduce manufacturing cost, only be suitable for producing in enormous quantities, and need bigger initial stage exploitation to drop into, and the distortion of how controlling well in the sheet forming process also is a very big problem.
In patent CN 1913206A in the five in one membrane electrode assembly of institute's utility model, gas diffusion layers is outer carbon paper or the carbon cloth of Catalytic Layer that is arranged in membrane electrode assembly, they can promote air and hydrogen evenly to distribute on Catalytic Layer, and will react the excessive moisture that generates and take away, form good gas, electrolyte, catalyst three-phase reaction interface.For contacting between the catalyst layer that improves membrane electrode assembly and the dielectric film, and the consumption of save catalyst, this utility model direct coating catalyst layer on the polymer dielectric film of membrane electrode assembly, and compacting obtains membrane electrode assembly.Thereby, can make micropore maintain under the solvent swelling state and the maintenance enough moisture, its membrane electrode assembly can not move under humidification or the low-humidity environment, and has good proton-conducting.But this patent and unresolved gas distribute uneven problem at the Catalytic Layer surface local, and must be used with traditional bipolar plates.
In patent CN 1612381A, relate to a kind of film electrode structure that is used for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and preparation method thereof.In order to help negative electrode O
2Diffusion and water are discharged, and reduce mass transfer polarization loss, increase limiting current density, and this utility model is improved traditional Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells five in one film electrode structure, and its Catalytic Layer is a sandwich construction.Described Catalytic Layer is made up of the hydrophilic Catalytic Layer that covers the film surface and the composite double layer of layer hydrophobic catalyst.Such improvement has improved traditional five in one membrane electrode performance and noble metal catalyst utilance.The MEA that this patent is made still needs to be used with the traditional double pole plate, does not also relate to improving the problem of gas in Catalytic Layer surface uniform distribution.
On the other hand, more or less there is weak point in the flow-field plate of countries in the world utility model in recent years.For example: the air-flow of flow-field plate distributes even inadequately; The water that reaction generates easily gathers and is difficult for discharging; The flow field structure design easily causes the reaction dead band; The membrane electrode local temperature is crossed the high performance that influences the normal operation of battery.
Patent CN2588554Y discloses a kind of bipolar plates of fuel cell, and as shown in Figure 2, this pole plate comprises bipolar pole plate body and the runner 102 between fluid bore 101 that is provided with on this body and fluid bore 101.Wherein, runner 102 is many parallel wavy shapes or bending.The defective of the runner of this bipolar plates is: when this runner is applied to the negative electrode of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells guide plate, owing to pass through the guiding gutter negligible amounts of the central area of bipolar plates, the fluid that leads to the bipolar plates central area is also limited, the heat that the bipolar plates central area can not be gathered is taken away in time, thereby easily in bipolar plates central area formation local overheating, make the membrane electrode part dehydration of central area, thereby influence fuel cell performance.
In the serpentine flow that patent US 5108849 and US 6358642 mention, its advantage is flowing that the barriers such as water droplet in the passage all can not barrier gas, if a serpentine flow path is obstructed, gas will be forced to enter adjacent channels from bypass by electrode, to increase pressure like this and fall, the active area of battery then can not reduce.The shortcoming in snake type flow field is except that pressure falls greatly, because runner is long and the consumption gradually of gas streamwise, the concentration of reaction gas can reduce significantly, and causes the inhomogeneities of CURRENT DISTRIBUTION.
In the flow field of the interdigital shape structure that relates among the patent US 6503653, the end of runner is obstructed, and the diffusion layer that gas is forced through under the bipolar plates back enters adjacent channels.The major advantage in this flow field is to make gas produce the surface of forced convertion by Catalytic Layer, and this helps the mass transfer of gas, and is especially obvious when high current density.But to be resistance big and may cause the electrode breakage for the major defect in this flow field.Cause water accumulation to take place easily at cathode side, and the electrode area under some afflux back can not get using,
Adopting woven wire among the patent US 6207310 is the flow field.The advantage in woven wire flow field is that the bipolar plates preparation is simple, with low cost, its maximum shortcoming is, if there is the water accumulation can cause the gas short circuit in the flow field, water or gas hold-up in the part flow field reaction gas critical shortage occurs on the pairing electrode in flow field in this section, and particularly low voltage operated or electrode length-width ratio designs unreasonable, this phenomenon is more obvious, can cause the fuel cell can't stable operation.In addition, the corrosion resistance of woven wire is also in urgent need to be improved.
Patent US 5252410 mini-bus rad companies have proposed to carry out gas flow field processing on the porous diffusion layer of Catalytic Layer scribbling, be hot-pressed onto then and form membrane electrode assembly on the proton exchange membrane, thereby can improve the power density of battery effectively, alleviate the weight of entire cell.But its shortcoming is on the one hand to carry out the gas flow field on the porous layer of Catalytic Layer and add and be easy to man-hour the Catalytic Layer surface is damaged scribbling, and causes battery performance to descend.In membrane electrode carries out the process of heat pressing process, may have a negative impact on the other hand, thereby influence the gas flow guiding and the distribution function of diffusion layer structure of flow field on the diffusion layer and intensity etc.
MEA itself possesses the gas flow guiding function, can reduce the operation in processing gas flow field on bipolar plates, simplifies the work flow of fuel cell, reduces the production cost of fuel cell.
The utility model content
For solving the problems referred to above that prior art exists, the utility model proposes a kind of membrane electrode assembly of integrating flow field structure, this membrane electrode assembly has changed the traditional structure of fuel cell membrane electrode, increased the gas flow guiding function, the fuel cell that adopts this membrane electrode assembly to make has reduced the fuel cell overall production cost.
The utility model can be achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of membrane electrode assembly of integrating flow field structure, comprise two-layer gas flow guiding layer, gas diffusion layers, two-layer Catalytic Layer and a layer proton exchange membrane layer, wherein said two-layer Catalytic Layer is arranged on the described proton exchange rete and forms the intermediate layer, described gas diffusion layers is connected and is arranged on the both sides in described intermediate layer respectively with described intermediate layer, described two-layer gas flow guiding layer is connected with described gas diffusion layers respectively.
As preferred embodiment of the present utility model:
Membrane electrode assembly outermost described in the utility model is two-layer to be the gas flow guiding layer, which is provided with gas flowfield; Described gas flow guiding layer is conductive porous dielectric material, and its thickness is 0.1～0.5mm, is processed with gas flowfield by technologies such as silk screen printing, die-cut or injection mouldings at this conductive porous dielectric surface, and the more traditional gas flowfield processing of processing cost is lower; Described gas diffusion layers is carbon paper or the carbon cloth of 0.1～0.2mm, and Catalytic Layer is molded directly within the proton exchange film surface by technologies such as direct sprayings.
The utility model also proposes a kind of membrane electrode assembly that adopts a kind of integrating flow field structure of above-mentioned membrane electrode assembly, also comprises the metal or the graphite light face bipolar plates of 2 layers of no runner, and it directly is connected with described gas flow guiding layer respectively.
Owing to adopt above technical scheme, the membrane electrode assembly of a kind of integrating flow field structure of the present utility model (MEA), this membrane electrode assembly are the novel seven unification assemblies that combined by two-layer gas flow guiding layer, gas diffusion layers, two-layer Catalytic Layer, a layer proton exchange membrane layer.The core of utility model is with the gas flowfield of tradition processing on bipolar plates, be formed directly into multilayer carbon paper or carbon cloth surface by clicking technique, itself and traditional five in one membrane electrode (being made up of two-layer diffusion layer, two-layer Catalytic Layer and a layer proton exchange membrane) are combined into novel seven unification membrane electrode assemblies.This membrane electrode is integrated flow field structure, possessed the gas flow guiding function, directly graphite or the sheet metal combination with the conduction choke promptly constitutes a fuel cell, need not carry out runner processing to graphite or sheet metal again, can simplify the structure of bipolar plates like this, dwindle the volume of fuel cell pack.The membrane electrode of this kind structure can improve functions such as the distribution of inside battery gas, draining and gas humidity exchange, and this membrane electrode is easy to realize the streamline production of the single part multiple operation of high integration.In addition, because the flow field processing cost of novel membrane electrode is lower than the cost in processing flow field on traditional bipolar plates, also can reduce the fuel cell overall production cost.The utility model has changed the traditional structure of fuel cell membrane electrode, has increased the gas flow guiding function, has obtained a kind of highly integrated membrane electrode, for the industrialization production that realizes streamline, low cost, high integration provides a kind of practicable method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow guide plate of fuel cell structural representation of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the membrane electrode assembly of a kind of integrating flow field structure of the utility model;
Fig. 3 is the fuel cell assembling figure that adopts the membrane electrode assembly of a kind of integrating flow field structure of the utility model;
Fig. 4 is the profile of the membrane electrode assembly of a kind of integrating flow field structure of the utility model;
Fig. 5 is the fundamental diagram of the membrane electrode assembly of a kind of integrating flow field structure of the utility model;
Fig. 6 is to use average polarization curve of the monocell of two kinds of different structure membrane electrodes and power density curve.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further set forth the utility model:
As shown in Figure 2, the membrane electrode assembly of a kind of integrating flow field structure of the present utility model, comprise two-layer gas flow guiding layer 1, gas diffusion layers 2, a two-layer Catalytic Layer 3 and a layer proton exchange membrane layer 4, wherein two-layer Catalytic Layer 3 is arranged on the proton exchange rete 4 and forms the intermediate layer, gas diffusion layers 2 is connected and is arranged on the both sides in intermediate layer respectively with the intermediate layer, two-layer gas flow guiding layer 1 is connected with gas diffusion layers 2 respectively, for the outermost of membrane electrode assembly two-layer, it is the conductive porous medium of 0.1～0.5mm thickness that gas flow guiding layer 1 adopts material, as carbon paper, carbon cloth etc., by silk screen printing, technologies such as die-cut or injection moulding directly process gas flowfield 5 and 6 on conductive porous dielectric material surface, and the more traditional gas flowfield processing of processing cost is lower; It is the carbon paper of 0.1～0.2mm that gas diffusion layers 2 adopts material, and Catalytic Layer 3 is molded directly within proton exchange membrane 4 surfaces by technologies such as direct sprayings, and Pt content is one-sided 0.4mg/cm
2, proton exchange membrane can adopt the Nafion211 film of Du Pont.
Fig. 3 is the fuel cell assembling figure of the membrane electrode assembly of a kind of integrating flow field structure of employing the utility model, assemble by two-layer gas flow guiding layer 1, gas diffusion layers 2, two-layer Catalytic Layer 3,4,2 layers of collector plate 7 of a layer proton exchange membrane and air seal circle 8.Collector plate 7 adopts thickness to be approximately the metal or the graphite light face bipolar plates of the no runner of 0.15mm, it directly is connected with gas flow guiding layer 1 respectively, play the effect that intercepts gas and conduction, its thickness should approach as far as possible, to reduce volume and weight, improve the mass ratio and the volumetric specific power of pile to greatest extent.
Fig. 4 is the profile of the membrane electrode assembly of integrating flow field structure, comprises two-layer gas flow guiding layer 1, gas diffusion layers 2, two-layer Catalytic Layer 3, a layer proton exchange membrane 4, and gas flowfield 5 and gas flowfield 6 are processed respectively on gas flow guiding layer 1.
Fig. 5 is the membrane electrode assembly fundamental diagram of a kind of integrating flow field structure of the present utility model.When entering runner, hydrogen and oxygen can be diffused on the one hand each surface of gas flow guiding layer 1 rapidly, enter into gas diffusion layers 2 then, than traditional five in one membrane electrode assembly, the contacted part of ridge of having improved diffusion layer and flow field this shortcoming of can't being fully used.When battery when higher current density is moved, the electrode both sides especially aqueous water of cathode side not only can be discharged by runner, and because gas flow guiding fluid layer 1 has this characteristic of porous, water can see through porous media and discharge rapidly, is difficult for taking place the hydropexis phenomenon of runner part.And when battery when lower current densities is moved, the water that remains in gas flow guiding layer 1 porous media is easy to enter into gas diffusion layers 2, and reaction gas is produced humidification, and keeps the water content of proton exchange membrane 4.
Present embodiment is to being 250cm by 10 active areas
2The pem fuel cell stack formed of MEA carried out the contrast experiment, a pile adopts the graphite cake and the five in one membrane electrode assemblies of traditional band flow field structure to form, and another pile adopts the membrane electrode assembly of a kind of integrating flow field structure of this utility model.After tested, the pile made of the membrane electrode of the two kinds of different structures average polarization curve of monolithic battery and the power density curve ratio of carrying out the results are shown in Figure 6.
Use in the pile of traditional five in one membrane electrode, arrive 600mA cm in current density
-2After, the attenuation rate that average single battery voltage rises along with current density is obviously greater than using monocell of the present utility model.Monocell average power density is correspondingly reaching 350mW cm
-2The back is on a declining curve, and average every monocell power density reaches as high as 400mW cm in the pile of the present utility model and use
-2, compare with the former and to have improved 14.3%.Therefrom find out, use monocell of the present utility model to have higher performance, more useful work can be provided, illustrate and use the utility model to improve, reduced the gaseous diffusion polarization in pile areas of high current density gas assignment problem in areas of high current density.
But above-mentioned embodiment is exemplary, is to be the restriction that this patent is comprised scope in order better to make those skilled in the art can understand this patent, can not to be interpreted as; So long as according to spirit that this patent discloses done anyly be equal to change or modify, all fall into the scope that this patent comprises.
Claims (6)
1. the membrane electrode assembly of an integrating flow field structure, it is characterized in that: comprise two-layer gas flow guiding layer, gas diffusion layers, two-layer Catalytic Layer and a layer proton exchange membrane layer, wherein said two-layer Catalytic Layer is arranged on the described proton exchange rete and forms the intermediate layer, described gas diffusion layers is connected and is arranged on the both sides in described intermediate layer respectively with described intermediate layer, described two-layer gas flow guiding layer is connected with described gas diffusion layers respectively.
2. the membrane electrode assembly of a kind of integrating flow field structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described membrane electrode assembly outermost is two-layer to be to which is provided with gas flowfield by the gas flow guiding layer.
3. the membrane electrode assembly of a kind of integrating flow field structure according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described gas flow guiding layer is conductive porous dielectric material, its thickness is 0.1～0.5mm.
4. according to the membrane electrode assembly of claim 1 or 3 described a kind of integrating flow field structures, it is characterized in that: described gas diffusion layers is carbon paper or carbon cloth.
5. the membrane electrode assembly of a kind of integrating flow field structure according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described carbon paper or carbon cloth are 0.1～0.2mm.
6. the membrane electrode assembly of a kind of integrating flow field structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise the metal or the graphite light face bipolar plates of 2 layers of no runner, it directly is connected with described gas flow guiding layer respectively.
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| CN2010201168079U CN201689934U (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2010-02-23 | Membrane electrode component with integrated flow field structure |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109818019A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-05-28 | 大连交通大学 | Gas diffusion layers band flow field membrane electrode assembly and its mating dual-electrode plates preparation method |
| JP2020522089A (en) * | 2017-05-30 | 2020-07-27 | レインツ デッチタングス ゲー エム ベー ハー | Separator plate for electrochemical system |
| CN112993272A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-18 | 苏州弗尔赛能源科技股份有限公司 | Polymer composite diffusion layer for fuel cell, membrane electrode assembly and preparation method thereof |
-
2010
- 2010-02-23 CN CN2010201168079U patent/CN201689934U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020522089A (en) * | 2017-05-30 | 2020-07-27 | レインツ デッチタングス ゲー エム ベー ハー | Separator plate for electrochemical system |
| CN109818019A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-05-28 | 大连交通大学 | Gas diffusion layers band flow field membrane electrode assembly and its mating dual-electrode plates preparation method |
| CN109818019B (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2021-05-18 | 大连交通大学 | Gas diffusion layer membrane electrode assembly with flow field and preparation method of matched bipolar plate thereof |
| CN112993272A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-18 | 苏州弗尔赛能源科技股份有限公司 | Polymer composite diffusion layer for fuel cell, membrane electrode assembly and preparation method thereof |
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Granted publication date: 20101229 |