CN201666927U - A three-dimensional electromagnetic interference instrument based on single-chip microcomputer - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型公开一种基于单片机的空间立体电磁干扰仪,其特征在于:该电磁干扰仪包括电磁波产生电路、电磁波接收电路、电磁收集箱、控制模块和电源,所述电磁波产生电路包括依次连接的信号源部分、高频小信号的放大部分、高频信号驱动功放部分和定向发射天线;所述电磁波接收电路包括接收天线、高频小信号的放大及滤波部分、信号的幅度检波部分和信号的频率采集部分,高频小信号的放大及滤波部分的一端与接收天线连接,另一端分别通过信号的幅度检波部分和信号的频率采集部分与控制模块连接;定向发射天线和接收天线均位于电磁收集箱内;控制模块与信号源部分连接。本实用新型高性能、低成本、高精度、使用灵活方便、安装调试简捷。
The utility model discloses a spatial three-dimensional electromagnetic interference instrument based on a single-chip microcomputer, which is characterized in that the electromagnetic interference instrument includes an electromagnetic wave generating circuit, an electromagnetic wave receiving circuit, an electromagnetic collecting box, a control module and a power supply, and the electromagnetic wave generating circuit includes sequentially connected Signal source part, high-frequency small signal amplification part, high-frequency signal driving power amplifier part and directional transmitting antenna; the electromagnetic wave receiving circuit includes receiving antenna, high-frequency small signal amplification and filtering part, signal amplitude detection part and signal The frequency acquisition part, one end of the high-frequency small signal amplification and filtering part is connected to the receiving antenna, and the other end is respectively connected to the control module through the signal amplitude detection part and the signal frequency acquisition part; the directional transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are located in the electromagnetic collecting Inside the box; the control module is connected with the signal source part. The utility model has high performance, low cost, high precision, flexible and convenient use, and simple installation and debugging.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种电磁干扰仪,具体地说是一种基于单片机的空间立体电磁干扰仪。The utility model relates to an electromagnetic interference instrument, in particular to a spatial three-dimensional electromagnetic interference instrument based on a single-chip microcomputer.
背景技术Background technique
科学技术的发展,不仅促进了产品的性能要求越来越高,同时也带来了电磁环境的不断恶化,在这种情况下,对电子系统进行环境电磁干扰测试有助于提高产品的工作稳定性,也会为同类系统的开发积累十分宝贵的经验。The development of science and technology not only promotes higher and higher performance requirements of products, but also brings about the continuous deterioration of the electromagnetic environment. In this case, environmental electromagnetic interference testing of electronic systems can help improve product stability It will also accumulate valuable experience for the development of similar systems.
在无线电波中,50至150MHz的调频波对一般的微控制电路形成的干扰较大,若在产品样品期间对其进行模拟,就可测出电子产品抗干扰能力,通过对电路的改进等,进一步优化产品性能,寻找成本与实际性能的平衡点。In radio waves, 50 to 150MHz frequency modulation waves have great interference to general micro-control circuits. If it is simulated during the product sample period, the anti-interference ability of electronic products can be measured. By improving the circuit, etc., Further optimize product performance and find a balance between cost and actual performance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的是提供一种基于单片机的空间立体电磁干扰仪,该电磁干扰仪实现了封闭空间内的电磁波传导,使得外部的、未知的电磁波与测试环境没有任何关联。The purpose of this utility model is to provide a spatial three-dimensional electromagnetic interference instrument based on a single-chip microcomputer, which realizes electromagnetic wave conduction in a closed space, so that external and unknown electromagnetic waves have no relationship with the test environment.
本实用新型的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种基于单片机的空间立体电磁干扰仪,其特征在于:该电磁干扰仪包括电磁波产生电路、电磁波接收电路、电磁收集箱、控制模块和电源,所述电磁波产生电路包括依次连接的信号源部分、高频小信号的放大部分、高频信号驱动功放部分和定向发射天线;所述电磁波接收电路包括接收天线、高频小信号的放大及滤波部分、信号的幅度检波部分和信号的频率采集部分,高频小信号的放大及滤波部分的一端与接收天线连接,另一端分别通过信号的幅度检波部分和信号的频率采集部分与控制模块连接;定向发射天线和接收天线均位于电磁收集箱内;控制模块与信号源部分连接。A kind of spatial three-dimensional electromagnetic interference instrument based on single-chip microcomputer, it is characterized in that: this electromagnetic interference instrument comprises electromagnetic wave generation circuit, electromagnetic wave receiving circuit, electromagnetic collection box, control module and power supply, and described electromagnetic wave generation circuit comprises the signal source part connected in sequence, The high-frequency small signal amplification part, the high-frequency signal drive power amplifier part and the directional transmitting antenna; the electromagnetic wave receiving circuit includes a receiving antenna, a high-frequency small signal amplification and filtering part, a signal amplitude detection part and a signal frequency acquisition part, One end of the high-frequency small signal amplification and filtering part is connected to the receiving antenna, and the other end is respectively connected to the control module through the signal amplitude detection part and the signal frequency acquisition part; both the directional transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are located in the electromagnetic collection box; the control The module is connected with the signal source part.
本实用新型中,控制模块采用MSP430系列单片机F4793芯片作为控制单元,给DDS AD9852发送控制字、对电磁波幅度进行A/D采集和频率采集及电源监视。在控制模块上设有人机交互界面。In the utility model, the control module adopts the MSP430 series single-chip microcomputer F4793 chip as the control unit, sends the control word to the DDS AD9852, performs A/D acquisition and frequency acquisition of the electromagnetic wave amplitude, and monitors the power supply. A human-computer interaction interface is provided on the control module.
本实用新型采用MSP430系列单片机F4793芯片作为控制单元,主要给DDSAD9852发送控制字、对电磁波幅度进行A/D采集和频率采集、对人机交互界面及系统电源监视。The utility model adopts MSP430 series single-chip microcomputer F4793 chip as the control unit, which mainly sends control words to DDSAD9852, performs A/D acquisition and frequency acquisition of electromagnetic wave amplitude, and monitors the man-machine interface and system power supply.
1、带宽:频率上限受到AD9852限制,理论上可以达到200MHz,考虑到线路干扰和衰减,采用阻带滤波器,带宽限制为50~80MHz(这样可以用普通的调频收音机进行简单的发送测试)。1. Bandwidth: The upper limit of the frequency is limited by AD9852, theoretically it can reach 200MHz. Considering the line interference and attenuation, a stop band filter is used, and the bandwidth is limited to 50~80MHz (so that ordinary FM radios can be used for simple transmission tests).
2、频率一致性:取50,60,70及80MHz四个点,50欧天线负载,输出增益为-3~-2DB区间,接收灵敏度大于-7DB,采用高灵敏度收音机接收模块采集信号,信号质量很好。2. Frequency consistency: take four points of 50, 60, 70 and 80MHz, 50 ohm antenna load, the output gain is in the range of -3~-2DB, the receiving sensitivity is greater than -7DB, and the high-sensitivity radio receiving module is used to collect signals and the signal quality very good.
3、信号完整性:这里指的是发射信号与接收信号的匹配度,由于AD9852可以实现频率调制,故加入调频信息后的信号保真度直接反映被测设备的电磁波吸收及干扰程度。3. Signal integrity: This refers to the matching degree between the transmitted signal and the received signal. Since the AD9852 can realize frequency modulation, the signal fidelity after adding frequency modulation information directly reflects the electromagnetic wave absorption and interference degree of the device under test.
4、制作工艺:整机带宽达到了高频(1M~100M)范围,在元件选择和电路设计上考虑因素较多。比如,信号的振铃处理,信号线的阻抗匹配计算,系统的布置(是一体化还是拆分为子母板),操作流程及界面的设计等。4. Manufacturing process: The bandwidth of the whole machine has reached the range of high frequency (1M~100M), and there are many factors to consider in component selection and circuit design. For example, signal ringing processing, impedance matching calculation of signal lines, system layout (whether it is integrated or split into sub-mother boards), operation process and interface design, etc.
5、调试:由于最终采取子母板组合模式,各部件调试互不影响,调试主要包括硬件调试、程序调试及性能校调。5. Debugging: Due to the final combination mode of sub-motherboard, the debugging of each component does not affect each other. Debugging mainly includes hardware debugging, program debugging and performance calibration.
本实用新型给电子、通信产品开发企业提供一个仿真的电磁干扰环境。实现了封闭空间内的电磁波传导,使得外部的、未知的电磁波与测试环境没有任何关联。本实用新型性能高、成本低、高精度、使用灵活方便、安装调试简捷。The utility model provides a simulated electromagnetic interference environment for electronic and communication product development enterprises. The electromagnetic wave transmission in the closed space is realized, so that the external and unknown electromagnetic waves have no relationship with the test environment. The utility model has high performance, low cost, high precision, flexible and convenient use, and simple installation and debugging.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的电路结构框图。Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the circuit structure of the utility model.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
一种本实用新型所述的基于单片机的空间立体电磁干扰仪,见图1,该电磁干扰仪包括电磁波产生电路1、电磁波接收电路2、电磁收集箱3、控制模块4和电源5,电磁波产生电路1包括依次连接的信号源部分11、高频小信号的放大部分12、高频信号驱动功放部分13和定向发射天线14;电磁波接收电路2包括接收天线21、高频小信号的放大及滤波部分22、信号的幅度检波部分23和信号的频率采集部分24,高频小信号的放大及滤波部分22的一端与接收天线21连接,另一端分别通过信号的幅度检波部分23和信号的频率采集部分24与控制模块4连接;定向发射天线14和接收天线21均位于电磁收集箱3内;控制模块4与信号源部分11连接。整个电路由电源5供电。A kind of spatial three-dimensional electromagnetic interference instrument based on single-chip microcomputer described in the utility model, see Fig. 1, this electromagnetic interference instrument comprises electromagnetic wave generating circuit 1, electromagnetic wave receiving circuit 2, electromagnetic collection box 3,
电磁波发生装置产生幅度、频率可调的波形,经过定向天线发射;电磁波接收装置经过定向接收天线,电磁波被耦合,经过处理送给各模块。The electromagnetic wave generating device generates a waveform with adjustable amplitude and frequency, which is transmitted through the directional antenna; the electromagnetic wave receiving device passes through the directional receiving antenna, and the electromagnetic wave is coupled and sent to each module after processing.
(1)电磁波产生电路(1) Electromagnetic wave generating circuit
①信号源①Signal source
直接数字频率合成(DDS)是一种新的频率合成技术,它将先进的数字处理理论与方法引入频率合成领域,全数字化结构便于实现程控。采用全数字的频率合成器,频率切换速度快,便于控制,而且易于实现,也能产生线性度高的线性调频信号,实现线性调频信号的输出。通过AD9852芯片实现的可调频率达0~300MHz。Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) is a new frequency synthesis technology, which introduces advanced digital processing theory and methods into the field of frequency synthesis, and the all-digital structure facilitates program control. Adopting an all-digital frequency synthesizer, the frequency switching speed is fast, easy to control, and easy to implement. It can also generate linear frequency modulation signals with high linearity and realize the output of linear frequency modulation signals. The adjustable frequency realized by AD9852 chip reaches 0~300MHz.
DDS技术具有广泛的应用,它可实现多点、高相噪的点频和频率步进输出,可用来实现MFSK、QPSK等通信方式,在扩频通信中能实现跳频模式。DDS technology has a wide range of applications, it can realize multi-point, high phase noise point frequency and frequency step output, can be used to realize MFSK, QPSK and other communication methods, and can realize frequency hopping mode in spread spectrum communication.
目前,QIALCOMM公司的DDS芯片系列有Q2220、Q2230等,内部没有集成D/A;ANALOG公司的DDS芯片有AD9850、AD9851、AD982等,内部集成了高度D/A,应用更方便。At present, QIALCOMM’s DDS chip series include Q2220, Q2230, etc., without integrated D/A inside; ANALOG’s DDS chips include AD9850, AD9851, AD982, etc., with a high degree of D/A integrated inside, which is more convenient for application.
由于本实用新型要求产生的信号形式有单频连续波、单频脉冲波、线性调频连续波、线性调频脉冲等波形,以AD9850为基本DDS的结构,不支持线性调频波形的输出,而AD985能输出高信噪比的点频信号,支持线性调频波形的输出和多种工作模式,支持并行和串行接口操作,数据寄存器和控制寄存器统一编址,控制方便。因此,本项目采用AD9852。Since the signal forms required by the utility model include waveforms such as single-frequency continuous wave, single-frequency pulse wave, chirp continuous wave, and chirp pulse, AD9850 is the basic DDS structure, which does not support the output of chirp waveforms, while AD985 can Output point frequency signal with high signal-to-noise ratio, support chirp waveform output and multiple working modes, support parallel and serial interface operation, data register and control register are uniformly addressed, and control is convenient. Therefore, this project adopts AD9852.
②高频小信号的放大② Amplification of high-frequency small signals
由于高频功放对信号的输入有功率下限要求,故在小信号放大阶段,必须达到一定的输出功率,这里取30mW。芯片选择TI的THS3112及THS4021电流反馈型高频运放。Since the high-frequency power amplifier has a lower power limit requirement for the signal input, it must reach a certain output power during the small-signal amplification stage, which is 30mW here. The chip chooses TI's THS3112 and THS4021 current feedback high-frequency op amps.
③高频信号驱动功放③ High-frequency signal drive power amplifier
采用1.8至175MHz带宽MC7210,该模块对输入功率要求较低,为7mW,且频率增益曲线较为平坦,在30MHz时增益为25dB,假设输出功率为1W,通过Gp=10log(Po/Pi)的换算,得输入功率仅为3.1mW。对较专业的高频模块来说,MC7210性价比较高。MC7210 with a bandwidth of 1.8 to 175MHz is used. This module requires a relatively low input power of 7mW, and the frequency gain curve is relatively flat. At 30MHz, the gain is 25dB. Assuming that the output power is 1W, it is converted by Gp=10log(Po/Pi) , the input power is only 3.1mW. For more professional high-frequency modules, MC7210 is more cost-effective.
④定向发射天线④ Directional transmitting antenna
对于50~150M的发射系统来说,若采用长直导线,则天线将变的很长,故参考一般收音机的天线设计,将3米长的油浸导线缠绕在低感磁棒上,依次做三根,将同名端导线串接起来,这样三组构成了一个磁棒天线阵列,定向发射的指向性较好。For the transmission system of 50~150M, if a long straight wire is used, the antenna will become very long, so referring to the antenna design of a general radio, wrap a 3-meter-long oil-immersed wire on a low-sensitivity magnetic rod, and do it in turn Three wires are connected in series with the wires of the end of the same name, so that the three groups form a magnetic rod antenna array, and the directivity of the directional emission is better.
(2)电磁波接收电路(2) Electromagnetic wave receiving circuit
定向接收天线制作参考定向发射天线。The directional receiving antenna is made as a reference directional transmitting antenna.
①高频小信号的放大及滤波① Amplification and filtering of high-frequency small signals
天线采集到的信号十分微弱且夹杂噪音(被测件产生),故要对其进行放大和滤波处理,由于要驱动两路(一路幅度采样,一路频率采样)输出,故应加入一级电压跟随器。The signal collected by the antenna is very weak and mixed with noise (generated by the DUT), so it needs to be amplified and filtered. Since it needs to drive two outputs (one for amplitude sampling and one for frequency sampling), a level of voltage follower should be added. device.
②信号的幅度检波② Signal amplitude detection
这部分主要对电磁波的峰峰值采样,该值对应于定向接收天线采样到电磁波的最大值与最小值,由于处于调频范围,故采用“加强型德生PL-600”收音机的检波电路的后级处理模块,使得输出达到±2V,足够送给A/D采样模块。This part mainly samples the peak-to-peak value of the electromagnetic wave. This value corresponds to the maximum and minimum values of the electromagnetic wave sampled by the directional receiving antenna. Since it is in the frequency modulation range, it adopts the post-stage detection circuit of the "enhanced Desheng PL-600" radio The processing module makes the output reach ±2V, which is enough for the A/D sampling module.
③信号的频率采集③Signal frequency acquisition
频率采集使用CPLD测频方法:使输入的信号作为时钟信号,经过内部1/K(K可调)的分频,出来的周期已经十分缓慢,这时再用单片机对其测周期,得出的值将十分接近精确。由于CPLD的时钟一般为方波,故这里要将经过高频小信号的放大及滤波后信号进行施密特变换,然后再送给CPLD。The frequency acquisition uses the CPLD frequency measurement method: the input signal is used as the clock signal, and after the internal 1/K (K adjustable) frequency division, the output cycle is already very slow, and then the single-chip microcomputer is used to measure the cycle, and the obtained The value will be very close to exact. Since the clock of CPLD is generally a square wave, the amplified and filtered signal of high-frequency small signal should be subjected to Schmidt transformation, and then sent to CPLD.
采用幅度与频率分开测量的好处就是节约了整体成本,若采用DSP加高速A/D采集的方案,成本将翻好几翻,且调试难度增大。The advantage of using separate measurement of amplitude and frequency is to save the overall cost. If the solution of DSP plus high-speed A/D acquisition is adopted, the cost will be doubled several times, and the difficulty of debugging will increase.
(3)电磁收集箱(3) Electromagnetic collection box
电磁收集箱主要对电磁波进行空间屏蔽,使得外部与内部的电磁波隔离。电磁波由发射天线经过被测件传递至接收天线完成电磁波的传递回路。The electromagnetic collection box mainly performs spatial shielding on electromagnetic waves, so that the external and internal electromagnetic waves are isolated. The electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna through the DUT to complete the transmission loop of the electromagnetic wave.
(4)控制模块(4) Control module
这里采用MSP430系列单片机F4793芯片作为控制单元,主要给DDS AD9852发送控制字、对电磁波幅度进行A/D采集和频率采集,对人机交互界面及系统电源监视。Here, the MSP430 series single-chip microcomputer F4793 chip is used as the control unit, which mainly sends control words to the DDS AD9852, performs A/D acquisition and frequency acquisition of the electromagnetic wave amplitude, and monitors the human-computer interaction interface and system power supply.
(5)电源(5) Power supply
单片机4793通过A/D采集监视系统各电源。Single-chip microcomputer 4793 collects and monitors each power supply of the system through A/D.
本实用新型给电子、通信产品开发企业提供一个仿真的电磁干扰环境。实现了封闭空间内的电磁波传导,使得外部的、未知的电磁波与测试环境没有任何关联。The utility model provides a simulated electromagnetic interference environment for electronic and communication product development enterprises. The electromagnetic wave transmission in the closed space is realized, so that the external and unknown electromagnetic waves have no relationship with the test environment.
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103293403A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-09-11 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Method for debugging signal transduction and antenna |
CN104683045A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-06-03 | 中国人民解放军63888部队 | Testing method and testing system for instantaneous dynamic range of search receiver |
CN106533609A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-03-22 | 深圳市飞思腾科技有限公司 | Digital signal interferometer |
CN104683046B (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2018-07-17 | 中国人民解放军63888部队 | A kind of analog receiver electromagnetic interference susceptibility test method and system |
CN110275078A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-09-24 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Substation secondary cable ground loop disturbance discrimination method, system and storage medium |
-
2010
- 2010-04-06 CN CN2010201519111U patent/CN201666927U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103293403A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-09-11 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Method for debugging signal transduction and antenna |
CN103293403B (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2015-08-26 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | The adjustment method of a kind of intracellular signaling and antenna |
CN104683046B (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2018-07-17 | 中国人民解放军63888部队 | A kind of analog receiver electromagnetic interference susceptibility test method and system |
CN104683045A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-06-03 | 中国人民解放军63888部队 | Testing method and testing system for instantaneous dynamic range of search receiver |
CN104683045B (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2017-11-14 | 中国人民解放军63888部队 | A kind of scanning receiver instantaneous dynamic range method of testing and its system |
CN106533609A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-03-22 | 深圳市飞思腾科技有限公司 | Digital signal interferometer |
CN110275078A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-09-24 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Substation secondary cable ground loop disturbance discrimination method, system and storage medium |
CN110275078B (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-10-15 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Distinguishing method, system and storage medium for ground loop disturbance of secondary cable in substation |
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