CN201635787U - Intake/exhaust port mechanism of rotating air valve of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Intake/exhaust port mechanism of rotating air valve of internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN201635787U
CN201635787U CN2009203530343U CN200920353034U CN201635787U CN 201635787 U CN201635787 U CN 201635787U CN 2009203530343 U CN2009203530343 U CN 2009203530343U CN 200920353034 U CN200920353034 U CN 200920353034U CN 201635787 U CN201635787 U CN 201635787U
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China
Prior art keywords
valve
exhaust
exhaust port
inlet hole
intake valve
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Expired - Lifetime
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CN2009203530343U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
肖庆钊
聂伦
王永伍
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Mianyang Xinchen Power Machinery Co Ltd
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Mianyang Xinchen Power Machinery Co Ltd
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Abstract

An intake/exhaust port mechanism of the rotating air valve of an internal combustion engine consists of an intake valve mechanism and an exhaust valve mechanism, wherein the intake valve mechanism comprises a cylindrical air inlet pipe and a cylindrical intake valve, wherein the air inlet of an air inlet pipe communicated with a combustion chamber is formed on the air inlet pipe, and a hole communicated with the air inlet pipe is formed on the intake valve; and the exhaust valve mechanism comprises a cylindrical exhaust pipe and a cylindrical exhaust valve, wherein the exhaust hole of the exhaust pipe communicated with the combustion chamber is formed on the exhaust pipe, and a hole communicated with the exhaust pipe is formed on the exhaust valve. The intake/exhaust port mechanism is characterized in that the hole formed on the intake valve and communicated with the air inlet pipe serves as the air inlet hole of the intake valve and is provided with a special-shaped opening; and the hole formed on the exhaust valve and communicated with the exhaust pipe serves as the exhaust hole of the exhaust valve and is provided with a special-shaped opening. Due to the adoption of the utility model, no noise, low energy loss and unobstructed air intake and exhaust can be achieved, the cross section of the intake (exhaust) port is maximized within the limited time from the opening to the closing of the intake (exhaust) air valve, the gas exchange is sufficient, and the practicability is high.

Description

Air inlet/outlet mechanism of rotary air valve of internal combustion engine
Technical field
The rotary circulating valve mechanism that the utility model belongs to that motor uses relates to a kind of air inlet/outlet mechanism of rotary air valve of internal combustion engine.
Background technique
Be increasing combustion engine intake and exhaust cross section, improve Gas Exchange Process of Internal Combustion Engine efficient, reduce single valve quality and valve mechanism to-and-fro motion inertia, internal-combustion engine progressively carries out the transition to 3 valves, 4 valves, 5 valves from two traditional valves; But be limited to many air valve structures complexity, from performance and the balance of cost two aspects, existing 4 air valve engines become the market mainstream gradually.In the prior art, internal-combustion engine (motor) valve generally all adopts reciprocating type valve, but this valve exists charge flow rate deficiency, ventilation defective such as insufficient; According to each operating mode needs of internal-combustion engine, for reaching desirable charge flow rate and flow velocity, the mechanism that also adopts a cover complexity that prior art has is to adjust intake and exhaust phase place and inlet and outlet door lift, not only increase cost but also increase excessive power drain but increase mechanism, practicability is relatively poor.
Chinese patent application number 200810147684.2 (publication number CN101457669A) disclose a kind of " rotating valve mechanism for internal combustion engine ", have been used to address the above problem.That this rotating valve mechanism for internal combustion engine system adopts is cylindrical, advancing on the cylinder cap that (row) tracheae places top, firing chamber and with the firing chamber of tubulose communicates, built-in cylindrical, tubulose advance (row) valve, firing chamber on valve and the cylinder cap fits tightly, to reach the seal action to cylinder; Valve passes through the sprocket wheel driven rotary by bent axle; The perforate of valve relevant position, when the needs valve opened, the hole rotated to the position that is communicated with the firing chamber, and cylinder is by realizing air inlet and exhaust between hole and valve inner chamber; In advancing (row) tracheae, in the rotation process, with on the valve that the firing chamber contacts do not open the other hole, realize making gas to flow into (outflow) valve inner chamber from advancing (row) tracheae, the intake and exhaust functions of realization mechanism sustainable, unobstructedly.This rotating valve mechanism for internal combustion engine is changed into valve and rotatablely moving by traditional reciprocatory motion, but adopts the circular valve port of traditional valve no longer to be under the condition that satisfies the durability demand, to have improved the best mode of cylinder charge efficient.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is intended to overcome above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, by adopting special-shaped valve port etc., provides a kind of air inlet/outlet mechanism of rotary air valve of internal combustion engine of simple in structure, function admirable, with the charging efficiency of further raising mechanism.
Content of the present utility model is: a kind of air inlet/outlet mechanism of rotary air valve of internal combustion engine, form by intake valve mechanism and Exhaust valve mechanism,
Described intake valve mechanism comprises: cylindric suction tude (2), this suction tude (2) have the suction tude inlet hole (2a) that is communicated with firing chamber (6); Cylindric intake valve (1), this intake valve (1) have the hole (1a) that communicates with suction tude (2);
Described Exhaust valve mechanism comprises: cylindric outlet pipe (4), this outlet pipe (4) have the outlet pipe exhaust port (4a) that is communicated with firing chamber (6); Cylindric exhaust valve (3), this exhaust valve (3) have the hole (3a) that communicates with outlet pipe (4);
It is characterized in that:
The hole that communicates with suction tude (2) on the described intake valve (1) is the intake valve inlet hole (1a) that is special-shaped opening;
The hole that communicates with outlet pipe (4) on the described exhaust valve (3) is the exhaust valve exhaust port (3a) that is special-shaped opening;
In the content of the present utility model:
The boundary line of the intake valve inlet hole (1a) of described special-shaped opening can be made of the upper sideline (1a1) of intake valve inlet hole, the left circular arc line (1a2) of intake valve inlet hole, the lower sideline (1a3) of intake valve inlet hole and the right circular arc line (1a4) of intake valve inlet hole in the counterclockwise direction in turn;
The boundary line of the exhaust valve exhaust port (3a) of described special-shaped opening can be made of the left circular arc line (3a2) of upper sideline (3a1), exhaust valve exhaust port of exhaust valve exhaust port, the lower sideline (3a3) and the right circular arc line of exhaust valve exhaust port (3a4) of exhaust valve exhaust port in the counterclockwise direction in turn.
In the content of the present utility model:
The boundary line of the suction tude inlet hole (2a) that is communicated with firing chamber (6) on the described suction tude (2) is made of the upper sideline (2a1) of suction tude inlet hole and the lower sideline (2a2) of suction tude inlet hole;
In the boundary line of the intake valve inlet hole (1a) of described special-shaped opening: the shape of the upper sideline (1a1) of described intake valve inlet hole (1a) is preferably corresponding consistent with the shape of the lower sideline (2a2) of described suction tude inlet hole, and the shape of the lower sideline of described intake valve inlet hole (1a3) is preferably corresponding consistent with the shape of the upper sideline (2a1) of described suction tude inlet hole;
The boundary line of the outlet pipe exhaust port (4a) that is communicated with firing chamber (6) on the described outlet pipe (4) is made of the upper sideline (4a1) of outlet pipe exhaust port and the lower sideline (4a2) of outlet pipe exhaust port;
In the boundary line of the exhaust valve exhaust port (3a) of described special-shaped opening: the shape of the upper sideline (3a1) of described exhaust valve exhaust port (3a) is preferably corresponding consistent with the shape of the lower sideline (4a2) of described outlet pipe exhaust port, and the shape of the lower sideline of described exhaust valve exhaust port (3a3) is preferably corresponding consistent with the shape of the upper sideline (4a1) of described outlet pipe exhaust port.
In the content of the present utility model: in the described intake valve inlet hole (1a): the left circular arc line (1a2) of intake valve inlet hole is parallel with the right circular arc line (1a4) of intake valve inlet hole, and distance between the two is preferably with the Extreme breadth of described suction tude inlet hole (2a) and equates;
In the described exhaust valve exhaust port (3a): exhaust valve exhaust port left side circular arc line (3a2) is parallel with exhaust valve exhaust port right side circular arc line (3a4), and distance between the two is preferably with the Extreme breadth of described outlet pipe exhaust port (4a) and equates.
In the content of the present utility model: in the described intake valve inlet hole (1a): the left circular arc line (1a2) of intake valve inlet hole and the right circular arc line (1a4) of intake valve inlet hole all are the circular arc lines along the circumferencial direction distribution of described cylindric intake valve (1) preferably;
In the described exhaust valve exhaust port (3a): the right circular arc line of exhaust valve exhaust port left side circular arc line (3a2) and exhaust valve exhaust port (3a4) all is the circular arc lines along the circumferencial direction distribution of described cylindric exhaust valve (3) preferably.
To disclose a kind of " rotating valve mechanism for internal combustion engine " identical or be equal to for the structure composition of not concrete record etc. and Chinese patent application number 200810147684.2 (publication number CN101457669A) in the above-mentioned content of the present utility model, slightly.
Compared with prior art, the utlity model has following characteristics and beneficial effect:
(1) adopt the utility model, the motion of valve mechanism all is to rotatablely move, noiseless, the energy loss that no to-and-fro motion brings;
(2) adopt the utility model, do not had the obstruction of traditional valve in the middle of air flue, intake and exhaust are more unobstructed;
(3) adopt the utility model, when valve rotates to into the position that (row) valve should open, the shape of valve openings place front end with advance the opening shape applying that (row) tracheae and firing chamber are communicated with, advance of the speed increase of the sectional area of (row) gas passage with maximum; When valve rotated to into the position that (row) valve should close, the shape of rear end, valve openings place was fitted with advancing the opening shape that (row) tracheae and firing chamber be communicated with, and advances the speed minimizing of the sectional area of (row) gas passage with maximum, finishes into (row) valve-closing rapidly; Advance (row) valve from being opened in the finite time of closing, entering (row) gas port cross section and maximize as far as possible, can fully finish gas exchange;
(4) simple in structure, intake and exhaust are unobstructed, the scavenging efficiency height, and energy loss is few, makes easily, produces easy to install, practical.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model embodiment 1 structural representation;
Fig. 2 is 1 side structure schematic representation of the utility model embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of firing chamber and cylinder barrel among Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the A-A sectional structure schematic representation of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of intake valve among Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is the B-B sectional structure schematic representation of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of suction tude among Fig. 1;
Fig. 8 is the C-C sectional structure schematic representation of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of exhaust valve among Fig. 1;
Figure 10 is the D-D sectional structure schematic representation of Fig. 9;
Figure 11 is the structural representation of outlet pipe among Fig. 1;
Figure 12 is the E-E sectional structure schematic representation of Figure 11.
Among the figure: the 1-intake valve, 1a-intake valve inlet hole, the upper sideline of 1a1-intake valve inlet hole, the left circular arc line of 1a2-intake valve inlet hole, the lower sideline of 1a3-intake valve inlet hole, the right circular arc line of 1a4-intake valve inlet hole, the 2-suction tude, 2a-suction tude inlet hole, the upper sideline of 2a1-suction tude inlet hole, the lower sideline of 2a2-suction tude inlet hole, 2b-oil nozzle mounting hole, the 3-exhaust valve, 3a-exhaust valve exhaust port, the upper sideline of 3a1-exhaust valve exhaust port, 3a2-exhaust valve exhaust port left side circular arc line, the lower sideline of 3a3-exhaust valve exhaust port, the right circular arc line of 3a4-exhaust valve exhaust port, the 4-outlet pipe, 4a-outlet pipe exhaust port, the upper sideline of 4a1-outlet pipe exhaust port, the lower sideline of 4a2-outlet pipe exhaust port, the 5-cylinder barrel, the 6-firing chamber, the 6a-hole, the 7-spark plug, the 8-oil nozzle.
Embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1: referring to each accompanying drawing.
A kind of air inlet/outlet mechanism of rotary air valve of internal combustion engine is made up of intake valve mechanism and Exhaust valve mechanism,
Described intake valve mechanism comprises: cylindric suction tude 2, this suction tude 2 have the suction tude inlet hole 2a that is communicated with firing chamber 6; Cylindric intake valve 1, this intake valve 1 has the hole 1a that communicates with suction tude 2;
Described Exhaust valve mechanism comprises: cylindric outlet pipe 4, this outlet pipe 4 have the outlet pipe exhaust port 4a that is communicated with firing chamber 6; Cylindric exhaust valve 3, this exhaust valve 3 has the hole 3a that communicates with outlet pipe 4;
The hole that communicates with suction tude 2 on the described intake valve 1 is the intake valve inlet hole 1a that is special-shaped opening;
The hole that communicates with outlet pipe 4 on the described exhaust valve 3 is the exhaust valve exhaust port 3a that is special-shaped opening;
The boundary line of the intake valve inlet hole 1a of described special-shaped opening is made of upper sideline 1a1, the left circular arc line 1a2 of intake valve inlet hole, the lower sideline 1a3 of intake valve inlet hole and the right circular arc line 1a4 of intake valve inlet hole of intake valve inlet hole in the counterclockwise direction in turn;
The boundary line of the exhaust valve exhaust port 3a of described special-shaped opening is made of upper sideline 3a1, the exhaust valve exhaust port left side circular arc line 3a2 of exhaust valve exhaust port, the lower sideline 3a3 and the right circular arc line 3a4 of exhaust valve exhaust port of exhaust valve exhaust port in the counterclockwise direction in turn;
The boundary line of the suction tude inlet hole 2a that is communicated with firing chamber 6 on the described suction tude 2 is made of the upper sideline 2a1 of suction tude inlet hole and the lower sideline 2a2 of suction tude inlet hole;
In the boundary line of the intake valve inlet hole 1a of described special-shaped opening: the shape of the upper sideline 1a1 of described intake valve inlet hole 1a is corresponding consistent with the shape of the lower sideline 2a2 of described suction tude inlet hole, and the shape of the lower sideline 1a3 of described intake valve inlet hole is corresponding consistent with the shape of the upper sideline 2a1 of described suction tude inlet hole;
The boundary line of the outlet pipe exhaust port 4a that is communicated with firing chamber 6 on the described outlet pipe 4 is made of the upper sideline 4a1 of outlet pipe exhaust port and the lower sideline 4a2 of outlet pipe exhaust port;
In the boundary line of the exhaust valve exhaust port 3a of described special-shaped opening: the shape of the upper sideline 3a1 of described exhaust valve exhaust port 3a is corresponding consistent with the shape of the lower sideline 4a2 of described outlet pipe exhaust port, and the shape of the lower sideline 3a3 of described exhaust valve exhaust port is corresponding consistent with the shape of the upper sideline 4a1 of described outlet pipe exhaust port;
Among the described intake valve inlet hole 1a: the left circular arc line 1a2 of intake valve inlet hole is parallel with the right circular arc line 1a4 of intake valve inlet hole, and distance between the two equates with the Extreme breadth of described suction tude inlet hole 2a;
Among the described exhaust valve exhaust port 3a: exhaust valve exhaust port left side circular arc line 3a2 is parallel with the right circular arc line 3a4 of exhaust valve exhaust port, and distance between the two equates with the Extreme breadth of described outlet pipe exhaust port (4a);
Among the described intake valve inlet hole 1a: the left circular arc line 1a2 of intake valve inlet hole and the right circular arc line 1a4 of intake valve inlet hole all are the circular arc lines along the circumferencial direction distribution of described cylindric intake valve 1;
Among the described exhaust valve exhaust port 3a: the left circular arc line 3a2 of exhaust valve exhaust port and the right circular arc line 3a4 of exhaust valve exhaust port all are the circular arc lines along the circumferencial direction distribution of described cylindric exhaust valve 3.
The shape of firing chamber 6 adopts the circular cone bodily form, and the top of firing chamber 6 is a circular flat, installation spark plug 7; Oil nozzle 8 is installed on the oil nozzle mounting hole 2b of suction tude 2.
This embodiment's 1 working procedure is as follows:
(1) drives intake valve 1 rotation by bent axle by sprocket wheel and chain; When the intake valve inlet hole 1a that is special-shaped opening on the intake valve 1 when oil nozzle 8 openings on the suction tude 2 communicate, oil nozzle 8 oil spouts, gasoline enters suction tude 2 and air mixing;
(2) intake valve 1 continues rotation, when the intake valve inlet hole 1a that is special-shaped opening moves to the position of the suction tude inlet hole 2a that suction tude 2 and firing chamber 6 be communicated with, the lower sideline 1a3 that is the intake valve inlet hole 1a of special-shaped opening overlaps with the upper sideline 2a1 of suction tude inlet hole 2a, the air inlet cross section is opened and is increased sharply, and mixed gas enters cylinder barrel 5;
(3) intake valve 1 continues rotation, the intake valve inlet hole 1a that is special-shaped opening moves past the suction tude inlet hole 2a of suction tude 2 and firing chamber 6 connections, the upper sideline 1a1 that is the intake valve inlet hole 1a of special-shaped opening overlaps gradually with the lower sideline 2a2 of suction tude inlet hole 2a, reduce rapidly until closing in the air inlet cross section, and intake process finishes;
(4) exhaust valve 3 rotations, when the exhaust valve exhaust port 3a that is special-shaped opening moves to the position of the outlet pipe exhaust port 4a that outlet pipe 4 and firing chamber 6 be communicated with, the upper sideline 3a1 that is the exhaust valve exhaust port 3a of special-shaped opening overlaps gradually with the lower sideline 4a2 of outlet pipe exhaust port 4a, the exhaust cross section is opened and is increased sharply, and the gas of finishing combustion enters outlet pipe 4 from cylinder barrel 5;
(5) exhaust valve 3 continues rotation, the exhaust valve exhaust port 3a that is special-shaped opening moves past the outlet pipe exhaust port 4a of outlet pipe 4 and firing chamber 6 connections, the lower sideline 3a3 that is the exhaust valve exhaust port 3a of special-shaped opening overlaps gradually with the upper sideline 4a1 of outlet pipe exhaust port 4a, reduce rapidly until closing in the exhaust cross section, and exhaust process finishes.
The structure of concrete record is formed and working procedure etc. is identical with Chinese patent application number 200810147684.2 (publication number CN101457669A) disclosed a kind of " rotating valve mechanism for internal combustion engine " or be equal to summary among this embodiment 1.
The utility model is not limited to the foregoing description, and the utility model content is described all can implement and have described good result.

Claims (6)

1. an air inlet/outlet mechanism of rotary air valve of internal combustion engine is made up of intake valve mechanism and Exhaust valve mechanism,
Described intake valve mechanism comprises: cylindric suction tude (2), this suction tude (2) have the suction tude inlet hole (2a) that is communicated with firing chamber (6); Cylindric intake valve (1), this intake valve (1) have the hole (1a) that communicates with suction tude (2);
Described Exhaust valve mechanism comprises: cylindric outlet pipe (4), this outlet pipe (4) have the outlet pipe exhaust port (4a) that is communicated with firing chamber (6); Cylindric exhaust valve (3), this exhaust valve (3) have the hole (3a) that communicates with outlet pipe (4);
It is characterized in that:
The hole that communicates with suction tude (2) on the described intake valve (1) is the intake valve inlet hole (1a) that is special-shaped opening;
The hole that communicates with outlet pipe (4) on the described exhaust valve (3) is the exhaust valve exhaust port (3a) that is special-shaped opening.
2. by the described air inlet/outlet mechanism of rotary air valve of internal combustion engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The boundary line of the intake valve inlet hole (1a) of described special-shaped opening is made of the upper sideline (1a1) of intake valve inlet hole, the left circular arc line (1a2) of intake valve inlet hole, the lower sideline (1a3) of intake valve inlet hole and the right circular arc line (1a4) of intake valve inlet hole in the counterclockwise direction in turn;
The boundary line of the exhaust valve exhaust port (3a) of described special-shaped opening is made of the left circular arc line (3a2) of upper sideline (3a1), exhaust valve exhaust port of exhaust valve exhaust port, the lower sideline (3a3) and the right circular arc line of exhaust valve exhaust port (3a4) of exhaust valve exhaust port in the counterclockwise direction in turn.
3. by the described air inlet/outlet mechanism of rotary air valve of internal combustion engine of claim 2, it is characterized in that:
The boundary line of the suction tude inlet hole (2a) that is communicated with firing chamber (6) on the described suction tude (2) is made of the upper sideline (2a1) of suction tude inlet hole and the lower sideline (2a2) of suction tude inlet hole;
In the boundary line of the intake valve inlet hole (1a) of described special-shaped opening: the shape of the upper sideline (1a1) of described intake valve inlet hole (1a) is corresponding consistent with the shape of the lower sideline (2a2) of described suction tude inlet hole, and the shape of the lower sideline of described intake valve inlet hole (1a3) is corresponding consistent with the shape of the upper sideline (2a1) of described suction tude inlet hole;
The boundary line of the outlet pipe exhaust port (4a) that is communicated with firing chamber (6) on the described outlet pipe (4) is made of the upper sideline (4a1) of outlet pipe exhaust port and the lower sideline (4a2) of outlet pipe exhaust port;
In the boundary line of the exhaust valve exhaust port (3a) of described special-shaped opening: the shape of the upper sideline (3a1) of described exhaust valve exhaust port (3a) is corresponding consistent with the shape of the lower sideline (4a2) of described outlet pipe exhaust port, and the shape of the lower sideline of described exhaust valve exhaust port (3a3) is corresponding consistent with the shape of the upper sideline (4a1) of described outlet pipe exhaust port.
4. by claim 2 or 3 described air inlet/outlet mechanism of rotary air valve of internal combustion engine, it is characterized in that: in the described intake valve inlet hole (1a): the left circular arc line (1a2) of intake valve inlet hole is parallel with the right circular arc line (1a4) of intake valve inlet hole, and distance between the two equates with the Extreme breadth of described suction tude inlet hole (2a);
In the described exhaust valve exhaust port (3a): exhaust valve exhaust port left side circular arc line (3a2) is parallel with the right circular arc line of exhaust valve exhaust port (3a4), and distance between the two equates with the Extreme breadth of described outlet pipe exhaust port (4a).
5. by claim 2 or 3 described air inlet/outlet mechanism of rotary air valve of internal combustion engine, it is characterized in that: in the described intake valve inlet hole (1a): the left circular arc line (1a2) of intake valve inlet hole and the right circular arc line (1a4) of intake valve inlet hole all are the circular arc lines along the circumferencial direction distribution of described cylindric intake valve (1);
In the described exhaust valve exhaust port (3a): the right circular arc line of exhaust valve exhaust port left side circular arc line (3a2) and exhaust valve exhaust port (3a4) all is the circular arc lines along the circumferencial direction distribution of described cylindric exhaust valve (3).
6. by the described air inlet/outlet mechanism of rotary air valve of internal combustion engine of claim 4, it is characterized in that: the left circular arc line (1a2) of described intake valve inlet hole and the right circular arc line (1a4) of intake valve inlet hole all are the circular arc lines along the circumferencial direction distribution of described cylindric intake valve (1);
In the described exhaust valve exhaust port (3a): the right circular arc line of exhaust valve exhaust port left side circular arc line (3a2) and exhaust valve exhaust port (3a4) all is the circular arc lines along the circumferencial direction distribution of described cylindric exhaust valve (3).
CN2009203530343U 2009-12-30 2009-12-30 Intake/exhaust port mechanism of rotating air valve of internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime CN201635787U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2009203530343U CN201635787U (en) 2009-12-30 2009-12-30 Intake/exhaust port mechanism of rotating air valve of internal combustion engine

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2009203530343U CN201635787U (en) 2009-12-30 2009-12-30 Intake/exhaust port mechanism of rotating air valve of internal combustion engine

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101839157A (en) * 2009-12-31 2010-09-22 绵阳新晨动力机械有限公司 Air inlet/outlet mechanism of rotary air valve of internal combustion engine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101839157A (en) * 2009-12-31 2010-09-22 绵阳新晨动力机械有限公司 Air inlet/outlet mechanism of rotary air valve of internal combustion engine

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Granted publication date: 20101117