CN201516917U - Hydraulic pressure expander - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hydraulic pressure expander which comprises a reversing valve, a seawater or fresh water hydraulic cylinder and an expansion mechanism connected with one another sequentially. The reversing valve controls the expansion of the hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder drives an expansion arm through expending for realizing expansion and traction. The reversing valve has a three-position four-way structure. A floating structure is adopted for the contact form between a valve core and a valve seat of the reversing valve. Under the function of spring pressure, the valve core and the valve seat always contact reliably. The clearance after abrasion can be compensated automatically. The reliability and service life of sealing are greatly increased. The hydraulic pressure expander uses seawater or fresh water as working medium and has the characteristics of the high efficiency, large operation depth, convenient operation, good environment compatibility. Not only can the hydraulic pressure expander be used for the operations of underwater expansion, clamping, etc., but also the hydraulic pressure expander can be used for land fire-fighting and emergency rescuing.

Description

A kind of hydrostatic dilator

Technical field

The utility model relates to underwater operation tool, is specifically related to a kind of hydrostatic dilator, with Yu Haiyang or freshwater lake.

Background technology

Hydraulic spreader is by hydraulically powered large-scale orcible entry relief utensil, and bigger expansionary force can be provided, and is used for expanding and opens weights such as ferro-concrete, slabstone, mainly is applicable to the under-water operation in ocean, inland river, lake, also can be used for industries such as fire-fighting, rescue and relief work.

Hydraulic spreader product in the market is the oil pressure series products, when being used for under-water operation, be by certain repacking is carried out with oil pressure class expander in the land, though the oil pressure instrument has the operation pressure height, advantages such as power density is big, but because oily medium itself, determined to understand when the oil pressure expander is used under water that there are the following problems:

1) hydraulic oil and water are incompatible, when hydraulic fluid leak in water, can cause environmental pollution, when water penetrates into oil hydraulic system, can cause the corrosion and the disabler of element, thereby reduce the reliability of instrument;

2) the hydraulic pressure oil viscosity is big, and its sticking temperature, the sticking coefficient of pressing are big, along with the expansion of working depth and scope, and the enlarging markedly of system's oil-feed and oil return pipe along the stroke pressure loss, instrument efficient obviously reduces;

3) must be designed to closed system between oil pressure expander and the propulsion source, when being used for big degree of depth operation, must the pressure boost compensating device, thus increased volume, weight and the complexity of equipment, reduced the Reliability And Maintainability of system;

4) must adopt two flexible pipes of oil-feed and oil return to link to each other between oil pressure expander and the propulsion source, thereby be subjected to the application force of stormy waves and ocean current big during under-water operation, the interference that the diver is operated is big;

5) can not directly change power tool under water, perhaps simply keep in repair, the comformability of instrument is relatively poor.

Above shortcoming is not limited to the oil pressure expander, when being used for under-water operation, other oil pressure instrument can have these shortcomings too, for this reason, the sixties in last century, the U.S. takes the lead in having carried out the research of Seawater Hydraulic Powered Underwater Operation Tools, subsequently, Britain, Japan, states such as Finland also launch the research of this respect in succession, in China, twentieth century nineties is that the scientific research institutions of representative have just carried out the water hydraulic Study on Technology in succession with Central China University of Science and Technology hydropneumatics center.Find in the research, though hydraulic technique has a lot of similarities with hydraulic technology, because there are bigger difference in aqueous medium and hydraulic oil aspect physicochemical property, if make that directly using the oil pressure expander instead the seawater medium exists following technical matters:

1) leakage problem, because the viscosity of water has only about 1/30～1/40 of oil, therefore, with under the equipressure, green phase is more much bigger than oil with the leakage flow of sealing off gap, is about about 20 times.

2) etching problem, the water particularly corrosive property of seawater are strong, owing to comprised a large amount of organic matters, germ, metal and nonmetallic ion in the seawater, and saliferous rate 3.2～3.75 in the seawater, amount of chloride ions is big, and seawater is natural electrolyte, thereby it has extremely strong corrosion attack.

3) cavitation erosion problem, because the pressure for vaporization height of water (20 ℃ time be about 0.0023MPa, be about 0.012MPa in the time of 50 ℃), this is easy to generate cavitation erosion especially than high tens million of times of normal hydraulic oil.Cavitation erosion causes element surface metal peeling, coarse, and the work life of element descends.

4) wear problem, because the lubricity of aqueous medium is very poor, a pair of friction components dual face is difficult to form the liquid lubrication film, can not form the boundary film of good strength, therefore is easy to cause dry friction, the rate of wear of aggravation Hydraulic Elements causes and lost efficacy.

This shows that hydrostatic dilator is not the oily medium of oil pressure expander to be dived to change aqueous medium into simply, realizes the change of working medium, need overcome a lot of technical barriers.

The utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of hydrostatic dilator, directly carries out operation with seawater or fresh water as working medium, the reliability height, and the efficient height, working depth is big, and is easy to operate, and Environmental compatibility is good.

Hydrostatic dilator, comprise change-over valve, seawater or the fresh water hydraulic cylinder and the expanding mechanism that join successively, change-over valve control seawater or fresh water hydraulic cylinder are flexible, seawater or fresh water hydraulic cylinder realize expansion and traction by the opening and closing of flexible drive expansion arm, and described change-over valve comprises valve seat 2.10, spool 2.4, valve body 2.7, reversing cover 2.5 and reversing handle 2.1; Lay spool 2.4 in the valve body 2.7, spool 2.4 upper ends are stretched out valve body 2.7 and are with reversing cover 2.5, and reversing handle 2.1 is installed on the reversing cover 2.5; Valve body 2.7 connects valve seat 2.10 away from an end of reversing cover 2.5; Be provided with four runners in the valve seat 2.10, first and second runners are connected with the rodless cavity and the rod chamber of seawater or fresh water hydraulic cylinder respectively, and third and fourth runner is respectively water inlet flow channel and outlet passage; Be provided with three passages in the spool 2.4, make the runner of valve seat can select combination to be communicated with the passage of spool by rotational valve core 2.4; In four runners of valve seat, be respectively equipped with the floating seal assembly, the floating seal assembly is made up of spring 2.9 and the middle sealing block 2.11 that has through hole, sealing block 2.11 is positioned at the upper end of spring 2.9, and sealing block 2.11 is used the closed contact that keeps with spool 2.4 at the pressure of spring 2.9.

Technique effect of the present utility model is embodied in:

1) be working medium with seawater or fresh water, green on the one hand, environmental protection are not polluted fully to environment, because the viscosity ratio oil of water is little, loss of pressure is little on the other hand, high efficiency, and working depth significantly increases;

2) the utility model only needs a high pressure water interface to link to each other with propulsion source, and backwater directly enters marine greatly, need not return water pipe, and the flow disturbance of making moist during under-water operation is little, and is easy to operate;

Control cock is the 3-position 4-way reversing rotary valve, for the viscosity that overcomes water low, spillage is big, technical matterss such as it is serious to cavitate, the seal form of this valve core and valve seat is different with the normal clearance seal form that adopts of oil pressure rotary valve (always to exist the gap between the seal style spool of this hermetically-sealed construction and the valve pocket, and this gap is strengthened along with the wearing and tearing of spool and valve pocket, thereby cause the increase of spillage), the utility model is provided with the floating seal assembly in valve seat, valve seat is by poted assemblies and seal spool, adopted the strong side seal form of cavitation resistance between poted assemblies and the spool, sealing reliably can realize zero leakage between spring force effect bottom spool and poted assemblies.

3) 3-position 4-way reversing rotary valve spool and valve seat contact form adopt floating structure, and under the effect of spring pressure, contact is reliable all the time between the two, and the gap after the wearing and tearing can automatic compensation, thereby has improved greatly leak free reliability and life-span;

5) can change power tool under water, perhaps simply keep in repair, improve the comformability of instrument; The utility model expander adopts the sea water hydraulic cylinder in the ocean, adopt fresh water hydraulic cylinder in the fresh water environments such as lake, widespread use Yu Haiyang, reservoir dam, the under-water operation of lake, river engineering and land operation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 the utility model embodiment integral structure scheme drawing;

Fig. 2 the utility model embodiment change-over valve structural representation;

Fig. 3 the utility model embodiment valve seat upper surface scheme drawing;

Fig. 4 the utility model embodiment valve core structure scheme drawing, Fig. 4 (a) is the spool cutaway view, Fig. 4 (b) is the left view of Fig. 4 (a).

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is described in further details.

Fig. 1 has provided the integral structure of sea water hydraulic expander, comprises change-over valve 1.1, sea water hydraulic cylinder and expanding mechanism.Change-over valve is connected with the sea water hydraulic cylinder, and control sea water hydraulic cylinder is flexible; The sea water hydraulic cylinder connects expanding mechanism, thereby realizes expansion and traction by the opening and closing of flexible drive expansion arm.

Fig. 2 is the change-over valve structural representation, and change-over valve comprises valve seat 2.10, spool 2.4, valve body 2.7, reversing cover 2.5 and reversing handle 2.1.Lay spool 2.4 in the valve body 2.7, spool 2.4 upper ends are stretched out valve body 2.7 and are with reversing cover 2.5, and reversing handle 2.1 is installed on the reversing cover 2.5.Valve body 2.7 connects valve seat 2.10 away from an end of reversing cover 2.5;

Be processed with four runners in the valve seat 2.10, referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the first, two runner A, B leads to the upper surface from the lower surface of valve seat 2.10, the 3rd, four runner P, the T cross section is " L " type, leads to the upper surface from the side of valve seat 2.10, the port of third channel P in valve seat 2.10 sides is water inlet, and the port of four-way T in valve seat 2.10 sides is water return outlet.During work, the external propulsion source of water inlet.The first, two runner A, B is connected with hydraulic actuating cylinder respectively.

Establish in the spool 2.4 and be processed with three passages, referring to Fig. 4, three channel cross-sections become

Shape, the port of passage all is positioned at the lower surface of spool 2.4.1,1 ' is two ports of first passage, two ports of 2,2 ' second channel, two ports of 3,3 ' third channel.

The user rotates reversing handle 2.1, owing to be the key transmission between reversing cover 2.5 and the spool 2.4, spool 2.4 rotates thereupon, makes the runner of valve body can select combination to be communicated with the passage of spool.

In order to limit the maximum rotation angle of spool, set up locating dowel pin 2.6, the upper end of locating dowel pin 2.6 is fixed in the reversing cover 2.5, and the lower end is positioned at the arc position-limited trough of valve body 2.7.The maximum rotation angle is by the radian decision of arc position-limited trough, and the reversing handle steering angle is that the valve core rotation angle is-45 degree～45 degree in the present embodiment.

Spool position can be divided into position, a left side (45 degree), meta (0 degree) and right position (45 degree) according to the valve core rotation zone.When being positioned at position, a left side, high pressure sea water enters from water inlet, successively through 3 ports of the 3rd runner P, third channel, 3 ' port of third channel, the rodless cavity that first flow A enters hydraulic actuating cylinder, the driving hydraulic actuating cylinder protracts, seawater flows out from the rod chamber of sea water hydraulic cylinder, through 1 port, 1 ' port of first passage, the 4th runner T of the second runner B, first passage, discharge successively from water return outlet; When being positioned at meta, 2 ports of second channel are connected with the 3rd runner P, and 2 ' port of second channel is connected with four-way T, and then the 3rd runner P is connected with the 4th runner T, and seawater is realized off-load without hydraulic actuating cylinder; When being positioned at right, high pressure sea water enters from water inlet, successively through 1 port of the 3rd runner P, first passage, 1 ' port of first passage, the rod chamber that the second runner B enters hydraulic actuating cylinder, contract after driving hydraulic actuating cylinder, seawater flows out from the rodless cavity of hydraulic actuating cylinder, pass through 3 ports, 3 ' port of third channel, the 4th runner T of first flow A, third channel successively, discharge from water return outlet.

When operating under the sea, therefore the main armrest sense of operator perception reversing handle control position preferably gives the appreciable prompting that puts in place of selling when turning to.Embodiment is provided with stop gear at the contact surface place of reversing cover 2.5 and valve body 2.7, stop gear comprises limit spring 2.3, spacing steel ball and conical bore, limit spring 2.3 is positioned at the reversing cover 2.5 contact surface place near itself and valve body 2.7, lay spacing steel ball 2.2 in limit spring 2.3 lower ends, valve body 2.7 is processed with the conical bore that three diameters are slightly less than spacing steel ball 2.2 with the contact surface place of reversing cover 2.5, position, three conical bore respectively corresponding spool left sides, meta and right position.Rotate reversing handle 2.1, when arrive a left side in or during right position, spacing steel ball 2.2 falls into cooresponding conical bore at limit spring 2.3 elastic force, this moment, the operator had obvious vibration sense, judged to turn to whether put in place thus.

Because seawater will enter hydraulic actuating cylinder through the runner of valve seat 2.7 and the passage of spool 2.4, therefore, the water-stop between runner and the passage is extremely important, in case occur revealing, hydraulic pressure reduces, and can not drive hydraulic cylinder works.Embodiment has set up the floating seal assembly in the runner of valve seat 2.7, the floating seal assembly is placed in the position, top in the runner, it is made up of Packing spring 2.9 and sealing block 2.11, sealing block 2.11 remains and spool 2.4 closed contacts by the elastic force of Packing spring 2.9, reaches the purpose of water-stop.For fixing seal spring 2.9, embodiment with runner be designed to the cross section be "

" shape.The inside of sealing block 2.11 has through hole, is used for the connection between valve core channel and the valve seat runner.

Between spool 2.4 and the valve body 2.7 thrust baring 2.8 is installed, make between spool 2.4 and the valve port 2.11 to contact, and reversing handle 2.1 is operated still easy and flexible with bigger pressure.

The sea water hydraulic cylinder includes cylinder body 1.2, and the tail end of cylinder body 1.2 is equipped with cylinder end caps 1.3, is provided with piston rod 1.4 in the cylinder body 1.2.Cavity between the head end of cylinder body 1.2 and piston rod 1.4 rear ends is a rodless cavity, and the cavity between the tail end of cylinder body 1.2 and piston rod 1.4 front ends is a rod chamber, and rodless cavity is connected with the first flow A of valve seat 2.7, and rod chamber is connected with the second runner B of valve seat 2.7.One end of piston rod 1.4 stretches out cylinder end caps 1.3 and connects expanding mechanism.

Expanding mechanism comprises two triangle stretching plierses 1.6 that structure is identical, the wedge angle of stretching pliers 1.6 forward, the interior angle point and piston rod 1.4 front ends on base are hinged, and an end of outer angle point and connecting rod 1.5 is hinged, and the other end of connecting rod 1.5 and the cylinder end caps of hydraulic actuating cylinder 1.3 are hinged.Under the effect of hydraulic coupling, when piston rod 1.4 protracts, promote two stretching plierses 1.6 and open laterally simultaneously, realize the planning function; When contracting behind the piston rod 1.4, promote two stretching plierses 1.6 and inwardly close up, realize traction function.

Under being used for the sea during operation, the spool 2.4 of change-over valve adopts two-way corrosion-resistant steel (for example F225), valve port 2.11 adopts special high-performance engineering plastics (for example polyetheretherketone PEEK), thereby overcome the strong characteristics of poor lubricity, corrosive property of water, improved the corrosion stability of friction pair and the frictional behaviour between friction pair; , instrument weight strong at corrosive properly requires light characteristics, the piston rod of hydraulic actuating cylinder adopts two phase stainless steel, also chromium plating after the timeliness, and cylinder body adopts the little aluminum alloy (for example aluminum alloy 6063) of density ratio steel, and carry out hard anodizing and handle, to improve antiseptic property.

Claims (6)

1. hydrostatic dilator comprises change-over valve, seawater or the fresh water hydraulic cylinder and the expanding mechanism that join successively, and change-over valve control seawater or fresh water hydraulic cylinder are flexible, and seawater or fresh water hydraulic cylinder realize expansion and traction by the opening and closing of flexible drive expansion arm, it is characterized in that,

Described change-over valve comprises valve seat (2.10), spool (2.4), valve body (2.7), reversing cover (2.5) and reversing handle (2.1); Lay spool (2.4) in the valve body (2.7), spool (2.4) one ends stretch out valve body (2.7) and are with reversing cover (2.5), and reversing handle (2.1) is installed on the reversing cover (2.5); Valve body (2.7) connects valve seat (2.10) away from an end of reversing cover (2.5); Be provided with four runners in the valve seat (2.10), first and second runners are connected with the rodless cavity and the rod chamber of seawater or fresh water hydraulic cylinder respectively, and third and fourth runner is respectively water inlet flow channel and outlet passage; Be provided with three passages in the spool (2.4), make the runner of valve seat (2.10) can select combination to be communicated with the passage of spool (2.4) by rotational valve core (2.4); In four runners of valve seat (2.10), be respectively equipped with the floating seal assembly, the floating seal assembly is made up of Packing spring (2.9) and the middle sealing block (2.11) that has through hole, and sealing block (2.11) is used the closed contact that keeps with spool (2.4) at the pressure of Packing spring (2.9).

2. hydrostatic dilator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described change-over valve also comprises locating dowel pin (2.6), and an end of locating dowel pin (2.6) is fixed in the reversing cover (2.5), and the other end is positioned at the arc position-limited trough of valve body (2.7).

3. hydrostatic dilator according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, contact surface place at reversing cover (2.5) and valve body (2.7) is provided with stop gear, stop gear comprises limit spring (2.3), spacing steel ball and conical bore, limit spring (2.3) is positioned at the contact surface place of reversing cover (2.5) near itself and valve body (2.7), lay spacing steel ball (2.2) in limit spring (2.3) lower end, valve body (2.7) is processed with the conical bore that three diameters are slightly less than spacing steel ball (2.2) with the contact surface place of reversing cover (2.5), and the position of three conical bores is the left side of corresponding spool respectively, in, right working position.

4. hydrostatic dilator according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, between the contact surface of described spool (2.4) and valve body (2.7) thrust baring (2.8) is installed.

5. hydrostatic dilator according to claim 3 is characterized in that, between the contact surface of described spool (2.4) and valve body (2.7) thrust baring (2.8) is installed.

6. hydrostatic dilator according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described spool (2.4) adopts two-way corrosion-resistant steel, and sealing block (2.11) adopts polyetheretherketone PEEK.

Images