Big polar form square wave three-phase brushless permanent magnet direct current motor
Technical field
The utility model relates to permanent magnet direct current motor, more particularly, relates to a kind of big polar form square wave three-phase brushless permanent magnet direct current motor, and this motor is applicable to that direct driving and position, speed SERVO CONTROL use.
Background technology
Permanent magnet motor can be divided into sinusoidal wave and square wave two big classes according to drive current and counter potential waveform.Generally the sine wave permanent magnet motor is called permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), or is called the sine wave AC servomotor.Another kind of square wave permanent magnetic motor then is called square wave brushless DC motor (BLDCM).
During the eighties, the square wave permanent magnetic motor has obtained widespread usage, the external characteristic of square wave permanent magnetic motor and have the brush DC motor basic identical, control fairly simple, but its maximum shortcoming is to have bigger principle commutation torque fluctuations, to this, the researcher has proposed multiple indemnifying measure, but practical application effect is undesirable.
Because the torque fluctuations of sine wave permanent magnet motor is then much smaller than the square wave permanent magnetic motor, during the nineties, drive the application scenario at elaborate servo, the square wave permanent magnetic motor is substituted by the sine wave permanent magnet motor gradually, has become the main flow of commercial Application now at present.Yet the sine wave permanent magnet motor can cause the control system complexity significantly to increase with cost significantly to be increased, and the more important thing is that the energy index of motor declines to a great extent.
On the other hand, traditional square wave brushless DC motor and control technology thereof are generally acknowledged ripe, because aforementioned disadvantages causes it to be limited at less demanding applications, both at home and abroad to its research seldom.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model people of this patent has applied for ' square wave three-phase brushless permanent magnet direct current motor ' patent before this, notification number CN101371425A wherein discloses the motor of a kind of number of poles 2P=8, but still has iron loss problem bigger than normal during this motor high-speed applications.
The utility model content
The utility model will solve existing square wave permanent magnetic motor and the existing problem of sine wave permanent magnet motor, proposes a kind of new principle, new construction, high-performance, the big utmost point square wave permanent magnetic motor of 2P=4 cheaply.
The technical solution of the utility model is, a kind of big polar form square wave three-phase brushless permanent magnet direct current motor is provided, is equipped with manyly on the rotor core of described motor, three phase windings are housed in the stator slot permanent magnet, it is characterized in that the number of magnetic poles 2P=4 on the described rotor core; The groove of described stator core is counted Z=6, and 6 teeth should be arranged mutually, comprises three canine tooths, three little teeth in described 6 teeth; Described three phase windings are for concentrating winding, and on three canine tooths, every phase only has a winding respectively; The ordering of described winding and tooth is: C phase winding on B phase winding on A phase winding on the canine tooth → little tooth → canine tooth → little tooth → canine tooth → little tooth; Its A represents a concentrated winding of A phase winding, and B represents a concentrated winding of B phase winding, and C represents a concentrated winding of C phase winding.
In the utility model, described stator core comprises canine tooth iron core and three little tooth iron cores; Be provided with three canine tooths on described canine tooth iron core, the yoke portion between adjacent two canine tooths respectively is provided with one and is inserted into groove, has three and is inserted into groove; Each described little tooth iron core be inserted at described canine tooth iron core by its afterbody one of them be inserted in the groove.
In the utility model, described canine tooth iron core can be the whole canine tooth iron core of integral type, perhaps is made up of three monomer canine tooth iron cores, and in the stator slot centerline of this two canine tooths mutually splice between adjacent two monomer canine tooth iron cores this moment.
In the utility model, described canine tooth iron core and each little tooth iron core all can be made up of multilayer tooth silicon steel sheet.Specifically can become overall structure by the blind hole riveting.Wherein, described canine tooth iron core preferably has the identical silicon steel sheet number of plies with each little tooth iron core; The described groove that is inserted into can be swallowtail-shaped structure.
In the utility model, notch (5) width of the groove on the described stator core between adjacent canine tooth and the little tooth is preferably 0.1~3.0mm; Each canine tooth accounts for 75 °~117 ° mechanical angles of circumference, promptly 150 °~234 ° electrical degrees; Each little tooth accounts for 45 °~3 ° mechanical angles of circumference, promptly 90 °~6 ° electrical degrees; And the mechanical angle sum of a canine tooth and a little tooth equals 120 °, and electrical degree is P * 120 °=240 °.
In the utility model, on the described rotor core each permanent magnet N, S magnetic pole alternately, described permanent magnet is the tile-shaped magnet steel of radial magnetizing or the tile-shaped magnet steel of parallel magnetization; Physics air gap between described stator and the rotor is 0.2~3mm; The pole span of the permanent magnet on the described rotor core is (1~0.8) * π D/4, and wherein D is a rotor diameter.The pole span of permanent magnet be motor pole span π D/4 (1~0.8) doubly, along with the air-gap field that reduces motor of this multiple will change to sine wave, when being reduced to of this multiple (0.8~0.6) times, air-gap field is the near sinusoidal ripple more.
Adopt hall position sensor as rotor-position sensor in the utility model, the magnetosensitive sense direction of described hall position sensor is consistent with the rotor normal direction, be installed on the stator support, and and the rotor permanent magnet cylindrical between keep the air gap of 1~3mm.
As shown from the above technical solution, the number of magnetic poles of big utmost point square wave three-phase brushless permanent magnet direct current motor of the present utility model is 2P=4, wherein adopts the magnetic pole soverlay technique, makes its air-gap field have the above flat-top district of 120 ° of electrical degrees; Adopt the little tooth of non-homogeneous teeth groove and magnetic balance, make location torque reduce to minimum.The every phase of this motor only has a concentrated winding, and is simple in structure, and production cost is very low.Because little tooth is Embedded, do not adorn earlier little tooth, slot milling makes concentrates the coiling of winding very convenient, even the machine automatic winding also can guarantee the copper factor more than 85%.Exerting oneself of this motor is bigger by 33% than traditional sine wave permanent magnet servomotor, and winding overhang is littler more than 3 times than the sine wave permanent magnet servomotor of traditional distributed winding, so copper loss reduces significantly.When this square wave three-phase brushless permanent magnet direct current motor adopts the three-phase square wave current drives, can produce moment stably, its torque fluctuations index is suitable with the sine wave permanent magnet servomotor.
Description of drawings
The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the stator and rotor cross-sectional view of motor in preferred embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 2 is a motor general assembly structural representation in preferred embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 3 is the stator tooth angle of the v-groove distribution schematic diagram in embodiment illustrated in fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the single canine tooth silicon steel sheet among Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the single little tooth silicon steel sheet among Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is made of the perspective view of a little tooth iron core a plurality of little tooth silicon steel sheets shown in Figure 5;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of a canine tooth iron core and three little tooth iron core composition stator cores;
Fig. 8 is made of the schematic diagram of stator core three canine tooth iron cores and three little tooth iron cores.
Among the figure, the 1st, rotor core, the 2nd, permanent magnet, the 3rd, yoke portion, the 4th, stator slot, the 5th, notch, the 6th, canine tooth, the 7th, monomer canine tooth iron core, the 8th, little tooth, the 9th, whole canine tooth iron core, the 10th, little tooth silicon steel sheet, the 11st, be inserted into groove, the 12nd, the location blind hole, the 13rd, the afterbody of little tooth silicon steel sheet, the 201st, rotating shaft, the 202nd, rotor, the 203rd, stator, the 204th, physics air gap, the 205th, stator support.
Embodiment
A preferred embodiment of the present utility model such as Fig. 1 are to shown in Figure 7.The general configuration of as can be seen from Figure 2 this three-phase brushless permanent magnet direct current motor, its critical piece comprise rotating shaft 201, rotor 202, stator 203 etc., and the physics air gap 204 between rotor 202 and the stator 203 is 0.2~3mm.Wherein adopt hall position sensor as rotor-position sensor, the magnetosensitive sense direction of hall position sensor is consistent with the rotor normal direction, be installed on the stator support 205, and and rotor magnetic steel (being permanent magnet) cylindrical between keep the air gap of 1~3mm.
As can be seen from Figure 1,2 pairs of 4 permanent magnets are housed on rotor core 1,4 magnetic pole N, S that is to say alternately, the number of magnetic poles 2P=4 of rotor, and these permanent magnets produce air-gap field.During concrete enforcement, permanent magnet 2 can be the tile-shaped magnet steel of radial magnetizing or the tile-shaped magnet steel of parallel magnetization.The pole span of the permanent magnet on the rotor core is (1~0.8) * π D/4, and wherein D is a rotor diameter.
Simultaneously, the groove of stator core is counted Z=6, to 6 grooves, 6 teeth should be arranged; The width of the notch 5 of stator slot 4 is 0.1~3mm; Comprise three canine tooths, three little teeth in 6 teeth, and the order circulation by canine tooth → little tooth → canine tooth → little tooth is arranged in circumference.
In the present embodiment, three phase windings are for concentrating winding, use respectively on the direct canine tooth after insulation processing of coil winding machine (stator winding is interior around machine), the ordering of winding and tooth is: C phase winding on B phase winding on A phase winding on the canine tooth → little tooth → canine tooth → little tooth → canine tooth → little tooth; Its A represents a concentrated winding of A phase winding, and B represents a concentrated winding of B phase winding, and C represents a concentrated winding of C phase winding.As seen, this motor only has three concentrated windings, and the winding sum of motor is considerably less, has simplified electric motor structure greatly, has reduced cost, and it is little more than 3 times that the while winding overhang reduces to conventional motors, has reached to minimize, so copper loss declines to a great extent.
As can be seen from Figure 3, each canine tooth accounts for 75 °~117 ° mechanical angles of circumference, promptly 150 °~234 ° electrical degrees; Each little tooth accounts for 45 °~3 ° mechanical angles of circumference, promptly 90 °~6 ° electrical degrees; And the mechanical angle sum of a canine tooth and a little tooth equals 120 °, and electrical degree is P * 120 °=240 °.Wherein the shared circumference mechanical angle of each tooth comprises width of rebate.
To shown in Figure 7, stator core wherein comprises an integrally-built canine tooth iron core 9 and three little tooth iron cores 8 as Fig. 4; Be provided with three canine tooths 6 on the canine tooth iron core, the yoke portion 3 between adjacent two canine tooths respectively is provided with one and is inserted into groove 11, has three and is inserted into groove; Each little tooth iron core 8 be inserted at canine tooth iron 9 by its afterbody one of them be inserted in the groove 11.
During concrete enforcement, canine tooth iron core 9 is made up of multilayer canine tooth silicon steel sheet, and the yoke portion of each layer canine tooth silicon steel sheet and tooth portion are provided with location blind hole 12, and multilayer canine tooth silicon steel sheet becomes overall structure by these blind hole rivetings.Equally, each little tooth iron core 8 is made up of the little tooth silicon steel sheet of multilayer; Also be provided with location blind hole 12 on the little tooth silicon steel sheet 10 of each layer, the little tooth silicon steel sheet of multilayer becomes overall structure by these blind hole rivetings.In the present embodiment, canine tooth iron core 9 has the identical silicon steel sheet number of plies with each little tooth iron core 8.
As can be seen, the groove 11 that is inserted into wherein is the swallowtail-shaped structure that inside is big, oral area is little from Fig. 4, Fig. 7; Correspondingly, the afterbody 13 of each little tooth silicon steel sheet 10 also is a swallowtail-shaped structure, the afterbody of the final little tooth iron core of forming can be just in time be inserted into groove 11 interlocks.
During concrete the assembling, after making described canine tooth iron core, earlier canine tooth is done insulation and handle, use coil winding machine coiling A, B, C three phase windings on three canine tooths again, three that then three little tooth iron cores 8 are embedded canine tooth iron core 9 respectively are inserted in the groove 11, promptly constitute the stator core of tool three phase windings.
For the coiling that makes three phase windings convenient, in the embodiment shown in fig. 8, the whole canine tooth iron core 9 that will have three canine tooths, with the stator slot center line between adjacent two canine tooths is that benchmark is cut into three parts, become three monomer canine tooth iron cores 7, respectively these three monomer canine tooth iron cores being done insulation handles, again with coil winding machine coiling A on three monomer canine tooth iron cores respectively, B, C three phase windings, then with three canine tooth iron cores and three little tooth iron cores, press A phase monomer canine tooth iron core → little tooth iron core → B phase monomer canine tooth iron core → little tooth iron core → C phase monomer canine tooth iron core → little tooth iron core, constitute stator core with three phase windings.
Wherein, the structure of three monomer canine tooth iron cores is identical, be convenient to processing, can choose three monomer canine tooth iron cores then wantonly and be buckled into a complete canine tooth iron core by the mode that boss, shrinkage pool are set, for example adopting aforementioned notification number is buckle structure shown in Figure 6 in the patent of CN101371425A.
As can be seen from the above-described embodiment, the number of magnetic poles of big utmost point square wave three-phase brushless permanent magnet direct current motor of the present utility model is 2P=4, wherein adopts the magnetic pole soverlay technique, makes its air-gap field have the above flat-top district of 120 ° of electrical degrees; Adopt the little tooth of non-homogeneous teeth groove and magnetic balance, make location torque reduce to minimum.The every phase of this motor only has a concentrated winding, and is simple in structure, and production cost is very low.
Importantly, because little tooth iron core wherein is inserted into formula, can not adorn little tooth earlier before the coiling, slot milling makes concentrates the coiling of winding very convenient, even the machine automatic winding also can guarantee the copper factor more than 85%.
Exerting oneself of this motor is bigger by 33% than traditional sine wave permanent magnet servomotor, and winding overhang is littler more than 3 times than traditional sine wave permanent magnet servomotor, so copper loss reduces significantly.
When this square wave three-phase brushless permanent magnet direct current motor adopts the three-phase square wave current drives, can produce moment stably, its torque fluctuations index is suitable with the sine wave permanent magnet servomotor.Specifically can adopt international application no is that PCT/CN2007/000178, name are called in the utility model patent of " X in brushless DC motor control system and control method thereof " disclosed control system and method and carry out drive controlling.