CN201378438Y - 一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒232U富集度及均匀性的γ射线测量探测器 - Google Patents
一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒232U富集度及均匀性的γ射线测量探测器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN201378438Y CN201378438Y CN200920006806U CN200920006806U CN201378438Y CN 201378438 Y CN201378438 Y CN 201378438Y CN 200920006806 U CN200920006806 U CN 200920006806U CN 200920006806 U CN200920006806 U CN 200920006806U CN 201378438 Y CN201378438 Y CN 201378438Y
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000000295 complement Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound 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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials 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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
本实用新型涉及核燃料棒235U富集度及均匀性检测领域，具体涉及一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235U富集度及均匀性测量探测器，旨在提供一种能够准确测量252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235U富集度及均匀性的γ射线测量探测器。它包括晶体组件、光电倍增管组件和信号放大组件；本实用新型将BGO晶体、光电倍增管以及信号放大电路分别安装到密封的外壳内，保证了设备结构紧凑，又能够充分吸收γ射线，并屏蔽了外界对检测信号的干扰。通过在BGO晶体外的晶体外壳矩形端中心和晶体中心设有通孔，可以使核燃料棒从中心孔穿过，从而进行检测，光电倍增管与电子线路板采用尼龙接头连接，保证了采集的信号与施加的高电压不会互相干扰。
Description
一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235U富集度及均匀性的Y射线测量探测器 技术领域
本实用新型涉及核燃料棒235U富集度及均匀性检测领域，具体 涉及一种252cf中子活化核燃料棒235U富集度及均匀性的y射线测量探
测器。 背景技术
核燃料棒235u丰度及其均匀性检査是确保核燃料棒在核电站反
应堆中安全可靠运行的非常重要的质量控制环节，目的是避免燃料棒
在反应堆运行过程中由于任何位置上235u富集度不均匀而产生热点，
这些热点可能会引起燃料棒破裂，污染冷却剂，造成停堆。因此，必
须对所生产的燃料棒235U富集度及其均匀性进行100%的检查。
燃料元件U02芯块中235U同位素产生oc衰变，其中伴随有能量为 185.7KeV的y射线辐射，当样品厚度超过0.32cm时，其中放出的 185.7KeVY射线的强度正比于235U同位素的富集度，对于不同的235U 富集度，其能谱曲线相似，但在185.7KeV全能峰处的面积有明显的 区别，因此测量185.7KeV峰的面积，即可正确地反映出其235U同位 素的富集度。
目前，检测核燃料棒235U富集度及其均匀性的方法有两种，一 种是利用Y射线探测器测量燃料元件U02芯块中235U同位素产生oc衰 变时自发辐射的185.7KeV的Y射线，因为235U同位素产生a衰变时自
发辐射的Y射线强度较低，因此这种检测方法很慢， 一般单通道的检 测速度最高仅为120mm/min，这种方法也称无源法检测。 发明内容
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种能够准确测量252Cf中子活化核 燃料棒235U富集度及均匀性的252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235u富集度及 均匀性的Y射线测量探测器。
本实用新型是这样实现的-
4一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235U富集度及均匀性的Y射线测量探 测器，它包括晶体组件、光电倍增管组件和信号放大组件；所述晶体 组件包括BGO晶体和晶体外壳，BGO晶体呈长方体状，在其侧壁上 开有通孔，晶体外壳的前端为长方体、后端为圆柱体，晶体外壳的尺 寸与BGO晶体相匹配，在它前端相对的侧壁上均开有通孔，该通孔 与所述BGO晶体的通孔相匹配；BGO晶体安装在晶体外壳内部；光 电倍增管组件包括光电倍增管和与圆柱状的不锈钢外壳，光电倍增管 放置在不锈钢外壳内；光电倍增管与BGO晶体耦合连接，晶体外壳 和不锈钢外壳连接；信号放大组件包括信号放大电路、圆柱状的不锈 钢外壳和电缆接头；信号放大电路放置在不锈钢外壳内部，它与光电 倍增管连接，它接收来自光电倍增管的输出信号，将光电倍增器的输 出信号进行放大，并将放大后的信号通过电缆接头发送给外部；不锈 钢外壳与不锈钢外壳连接；信号放大电路与电缆接头连接。
如上所述的BGO晶体的长度为20〜100mm、宽度为5〜70mm、 厚度为2〜50mm， BGO晶体中心通孔尺寸为03〜20 mm。
如上所述的BGO晶体的外形尺寸长度为50mmX50mmX20mm。 如上所述的BGO晶体与晶体外壳之间填充有镁粉或铝箔。 如上所述的光电倍增管与BGO晶体通过硅油耦合连接，晶体外 壳和不锈钢外壳采用螺纹连接；信号放大电路与光电倍增管通过屏蔽 电缆和尼龙接头连接，锈钢外壳通过螺纹与不锈钢外壳连接；信号放 大电路通过设在不锈钢外壳内的屏蔽电缆与电缆接头连接。
如上所述的晶体壳体由能阻挡光线并对电磁信号有屏蔽作用的 材料制成。
如上所述的晶体壳体由铝合金或不锈钢制成。 如上所述的光电倍增管为日本滨松光子公司的CR105型光电倍 增管。
如上所述的尼龙接头的外径比与其连接的不锈钢外壳的内径至 少小0.5mm以上。
本实用新型的效果在于：
本实用新型将BGO晶体、光电倍增管以及信号放大电路分别安装到密封的铝合金和不锈钢外壳内，保证了设备结构紧凑，又能够充分 吸收Y射线，并屏蔽了外界对检测信号的干扰。
本实用新型在BGO晶体外的晶体外壳矩形端中心和晶体中心设有 通孔，可以使核燃料棒从中心孔穿过，从而进行检测，光电倍增管与 电子线路板采用尼龙接头连接，保证了采集的信号与施加的高电压不 会互相干扰。
利用本实用新型进行在线测量，测量一根4米的燃料棒仅需要40
秒，就可以快速准确的测出252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235U的富集度及均匀
性，测量结果表明燃料棒平均富集度测量精度好于1%，可以分辩富集
度相差12%的单个异常芯快，可信度为95%，检测精度大大提高，获得
满意结果。
附图说明
图1是本实用新型的一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒^U富集度及
均匀性的Y射线测量探测器的结构示意图；
图2是本实用新型的一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒23511富集度及
均匀性的Y射线测量探测器的BGO晶体的晶体外壳结构示意图；
图3是本实用新型的一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒23511富集度及 均匀性的Y射线测量探测器的BGO晶体结构示意图。
图中：l.晶体外壳；2.光电倍增管；3.屏蔽电缆；4.信号放大电路； 5.不锈钢外壳；6.不锈钢外壳；7.屏蔽电缆；8.电缆接头；9. BGO晶 体；IO.尼龙接头。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本实用新型的一种252Cf中子活化
核燃料棒235U富集度及均匀性的Y射线测量探测器作进一步描述：
如图1所示， 一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235u富集度及均匀性
的Y射线测量探测器，包括晶体组件、光电倍增管组件和信号放大组
件，晶体组件包括锂玻璃（BGO)晶体9和晶体外壳1， BGO晶体 9呈长方体状，在其侧壁上开有通孔，晶体外壳1的前端为长方体、 后端为圆柱体，如图2所示，晶体外壳1的尺寸与BGO晶体1相匹 配，在它前端相对的侧壁上均开有通孔，该通孔与所述BGO晶体的
6通孔相匹配，装配完成后，核燃料棒能够穿过晶体外壳1的两个通孔
和BGO晶体9的通孔；BGO晶体9安装在晶体外壳1内部，BGO 晶体9与晶体外壳1之间填充有镁粉或铝箔。光电倍增管组件包括光 电倍增管2和与圆柱状的不锈钢外壳5，光电倍增管2放置在不锈钢 外壳5内；光电倍增管2与BGO晶体通过通过硅油耦合连接，晶体 外壳1和不锈钢外壳5采用螺纹连接；信号放大组件包括信号放大电 路4、圆柱状的不锈钢外壳6和电缆接头8;信号放大电路4放置在 不锈钢外壳6内部，它与光电倍增管2通过屏蔽电缆3和尼龙接头 10连接，它接收来自光电倍增管2的输出信号，将光电倍增器2的 输出信号进行放大，并将放大后的信号通过电缆接头8发送给外部； 上述尼龙接头10的外径比与其连接的不锈钢外壳6的内径至少小 0.5mm以上；不锈钢外壳6通过螺纹与不锈钢外壳5连接；信号放大 电路4通过设在不锈钢外壳6内的屏蔽电缆7与电缆接头8连接。
如图3所示，BGO晶体9的长度为20〜100mm、宽度为5〜70mm、 厚度为2〜50mm， 一般其外形尺寸长度为50X 50X 20(长X宽X厚）， 晶体中心通孔尺寸为①3〜20 mm。
在本实施例中，光电倍增管2选用日本滨松光子公司的CR105 型光电倍增管，信号放大电路采4用现有技术实现。
BGO晶体9设置在晶体壳体1内既能对外界干扰进行屏蔽，又 能最大限度的接受Y射线，光电倍增管2和信号放大电路4设置在不 锈钢壳体内以实现屏蔽。
上述晶体壳体l可以由铝合金制成，也可以是不锈钢制成，也可 以是其他能阻挡光线并对电磁信号有屏蔽作用的材料。
本实用新型探测器测量使用时，首先将探测器固定安装在屏蔽钨 块内，并保证BGO晶体9和晶体外壳2的中心通孔与钨块的通孔一 致，并保证252Cf中子活化后的燃料棒能够顺利穿过，燃料棒在步进 电机的带动下穿过252Cf中子源进行活化，核燃料棒的活化依靠其他 装置实现，活化后的燃料棒穿过BGO晶体9， BGO晶体9会接受燃
料棒放出的Y射线，并且测量的Y射线的强度与235u同位素的富集度成
正比关系，BGO晶体把探测到的Y射线转换成光子并传输给光电倍增管2，光电倍增管2把光子转变成电信号，该电信号经过电缆传输给 信号放大电路4，信号放大电路4把信号进行初步放大后通过电缆接 头8给外部数据采集卡，将数据经过处理换算成核燃料棒235U的富 集度，经过试验，检测一根4米的燃料棒仅需要不到1分钟的时间。
Claims (9)
1.一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235U富集度及均匀性的γ射线测量探测器，其特征在于：它包括晶体组件、光电倍增管组件和信号放大组件；所述晶体组件包括BGO晶体(9)和晶体外壳(1)，BGO晶体(9)呈长方体状，在其侧壁上开有通孔，晶体外壳(1)的前端为长方体、后端为圆柱体，晶体外壳(1)的尺寸与BGO晶体(1)相匹配，在它前端相对的侧壁上均开有通孔，该通孔与所述BGO晶体的通孔相匹配；BGO晶体(9)安装在晶体外壳(1)内部；光电倍增管组件包括光电倍增管(2)和与圆柱状的不锈钢外壳(5)，光电倍增管(2)放置在不锈钢外壳(5)内；光电倍增管(2)与BGO晶体耦合连接，晶体外壳(1)和不锈钢外壳(5)连接；信号放大组件包括信号放大电路(4)、圆柱状的不锈钢外壳(6)和电缆接头(8)；信号放大电路(4)放置在不锈钢外壳(6)内部，它与光电倍增管(2)连接，它接收来自光电倍增管(2)的输出信号，将光电倍增器(2)的输出信号进行放大，并将放大后的信号通过电缆接头(8)发送给外部；不锈钢外壳(6)与不锈钢外壳(5)连接；信号放大电路(4)与电缆接头(8)连接。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235U富集 度及均匀性的Y射线测量探测器，其特征在于：所述的BGO晶体（9) 的长度为20〜100mm、宽度为5〜70mm、厚度为2〜50mm， BGO 晶体（9)中心通孔尺寸为①3〜20mm。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235U 富集度及均匀性的Y射线测量探测器，其特征在于：所述的BGO晶体(9)的外形尺寸长度为50mmX50mmX20mm。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235U富集 度及均匀性的Y射线测量探测器，其特征在于：所述的BGO晶体（9) 与晶体外壳（1)之间填充有镁粉或铝箔。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235U富集度及均匀性的Y射线测量探测器，其特征在于：所述的光电倍增管（2) 与BGO晶体通过硅油耦合连接，晶体外壳（1)和不锈钢外壳（5)采用螺纹连接；信号放大电路（4)与光电倍增管（2)通过屏蔽电缆 (3)和尼龙接头（10)连接，锈钢外壳（6)通过螺纹与不锈钢外壳 (5)连接；信号放大电路（4)通过设在不锈钢外壳（6)内的屏蔽电缆（7)与电缆接头（8)连接。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235U富集 度及均匀性的Y射线测量探测器，其特征在于：所述的晶体壳体（1) 由能阻挡光线并对电磁信号有屏蔽作用的材料制成。
7. 根据权利要求1或6所述的一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235U富集度及均匀性的Y射线测量探测器，其特征在于：所述的晶体壳体 (1)由铝合金或不锈钢制成。
8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235U富集 度及均匀性的y射线测量探测器，其特征在于：所述的光电倍增管（2) 为日本滨松光子公司的CR105型光电倍增管。
9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235U富集度及均匀性的Y射线测量探测器，其特征在于：所述的尼龙接头（10)的外径比与其连接的不锈钢外壳（6)的内径至少小0.5mm以上。
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102608645A (zh) * | 2012-03-08 | 2012-07-25 | 重庆地质仪器厂 | 一种射线测量仪 |
| ES2558177A1 (es) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-02 | Tecnatom, S.A. | Detector de radiación gamma |
| CN109690300A (zh) * | 2016-06-09 | 2019-04-26 | 凤凰有限责任公司 | 用于进行核燃料棒的有源扫描的系统和方法 |
| CN109949953A (zh) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-06-28 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | 核燃料棒富集度无源检测系统及富集度重构方法 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102608645A (zh) * | 2012-03-08 | 2012-07-25 | 重庆地质仪器厂 | 一种射线测量仪 |
| CN102608645B (zh) * | 2012-03-08 | 2014-03-26 | 重庆地质仪器厂 | 一种射线测量仪 |
| ES2558177A1 (es) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-02 | Tecnatom, S.A. | Detector de radiación gamma |
| CN109690300A (zh) * | 2016-06-09 | 2019-04-26 | 凤凰有限责任公司 | 用于进行核燃料棒的有源扫描的系统和方法 |
| CN109949953A (zh) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-06-28 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | 核燃料棒富集度无源检测系统及富集度重构方法 |
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