CN201331862Y - Rotating vector demonstration instrument - Google Patents
Rotating vector demonstration instrument Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN201331862Y CN201331862Y CNU2008201553878U CN200820155387U CN201331862Y CN 201331862 Y CN201331862 Y CN 201331862Y CN U2008201553878 U CNU2008201553878 U CN U2008201553878U CN 200820155387 U CN200820155387 U CN 200820155387U CN 201331862 Y CN201331862 Y CN 201331862Y
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- rotating vector
- electronic controller
- demonstration
- bulb
- curve
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a rotating vector demonstration instrument, which comprises a box body, a demonstration panel, a back plate and an electronic controller, wherein, two groups of bulbs for a rotating vector diagram and a vibration curve diagram are arranged on the demonstration panel; and the electronic controller is arranged in the box body. In a demonstration, under the control of the electronic controller made up of integrated circuits, the bulbs of the corresponding points of a circumferential curve, a sine curve and a projection line are respectively switched on in sequence, so that a user can demonstrate the projection of the end point of a rotating vector on the vertical coordinate axis, a vibration curve, and the relationship between the rotating vector method and the vibration curve method of simple harmonic motion. The use of the rotating vector demonstration instrument is clear at a glance and easy to learn and understand. The utility model has the positive effects of stable performance, good effect, long service life, simple structure and convenient operation; and the rotating vector demonstration instrument with vividness and good demonstration effect facilitates teaching.
Description
[technical field]
The utility model relates to the teaching and experimental demonstration instrument technical field, specifically, is a kind of rotating vector demonstrator in the physics teaching.
[background technology]
During object of which movement, as the displacement (or angular displacement) of leaving the equilibrium position changes in time by the rule of cosine function, and this motion is called simple harmonic oscillation, and its mathematic(al) representation is:
x＝Acos(ωt+φ) ①
In the formula, A is the amplitude of vibration, and ω is the angular frequency of vibration, and t is any time, and φ is the initial phase of vibration.
If the characteristic quantity of these three describing harmonic vibration has all been known, just can write out the complete expression formula of vibration, depict the curve of vibration, also just grasped the feature of simple harmonic oscillation, the method for this research simple harmonic oscillation is the oscillating curve representation.
Simple harmonic oscillation and uniform circular motion have simple corresponding relation.If particle P rotates in the counterclockwise direction with uniform angular velocity ω on the circumference of A, is initial point with center of circle O, cut-off angle coordinate system xoy; If the position vector of particle P picks up counting when being the position of φ with x axle clamp angle, t at any time then, the angle ω t+ φ of this position vector and x axle, and particle being projected as on the x axle:
x＝Acos(ωt+φ) ②
This formula is 1. identical with the Definition of Simple Harmonic Vibration formula.
Hence one can see that, the particle of making uniform circular motion is exactly simple harmonic oscillation in the motion of the last projection of a certain diameter (get and make the x axle), the angular velocity of circular motion is exactly the angular frequency of simple harmonic oscillation, radius equals the amplitude of simple harmonic oscillation, and initial time is made the position vector of particle of circular motion and the angle of x axle is exactly the first phase of simple harmonic oscillation.
Hence one can see that, and uniform circular motion and simple harmonic oscillation have one-to-one relationship.Therefore, often can study simple harmonic oscillation by uniform circular motion, calculate to simplify, corresponding circumference is circle of reference.This representation of simple harmonic oscillation is vectorial graphic interpretation (rotating vector method).
All the simple harmonic oscillation problem can be talked about in the physics teaching of middle school and university, and the demonstration and the experiment of simple harmonic oscillation need be done.At present, usually use spring oscillator when doing such demonstration and experiment, but, the demonstration of this instruments used for education can only allow the phenomenon of observation of students simple harmonic oscillation, the relation of uniform circular motion and simple harmonic oscillation can not be mapped, and can not demonstrate the projection of rotating vector end points on the vertical coordinate axle, can not demonstrate oscillating curve, can not demonstrate the rotating vector method of simple harmonic oscillation and the relation between the oscillating curve method, therefore, the effect of its teaching demonstration is very limited.
[utility model content]
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of demonstration instrument of simple in structure, light, visual in image, demonstration effect better physical teaching, the raising of the carrying out of convenient teaching, student's understanding.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme taked of the utility model is:
A kind of rotating vector demonstrator, comprise casing, demonstration panel, backboard and electronic controller, it is characterized in that, at demonstration panel upper drawing circle, sinusoidal curve and projection line, even 12 apertures of ground auger on circumference bore 13 apertures on sinusoidal corresponding point, bore 7 apertures on the corresponding point of projection line, the miniature bulb of a 6V is installed in each aperture, and the miniature bulb on the three part corresponding point couples together with lead and electronic controller; On the demonstration panel, power switch, automatic/hand selector button are set, reset switch, pause switch and monopulse switch; Electronic controller, electronic devices and components are set in casing 1 and are connected lead, electronic controller is made by integrated circuit, mainly is made up of power supply, clock, logic control circuit, output driver; Supply socket is set on backboard.
Optionally, described logic control circuit comprises numeration integrated package, a decoding integration block, and two double D triggers, 12 two input nand gate integrated packages.
Optionally, described numeration integrated package is the counter of a kind of 74LS92, decoding integration block is the code translator of 74LS154, double D trigger is a kind of 74LS74, two input nand gate integrated packages are a kind of 74LS00.
When rotating vector began to rotate in first week at initial position, the bulb of circumference starting point and the bulb on 0 ° of point of sinusoidal curve were lighted together on the demonstration panel, and the bulb on 360 ° of points of sinusoidal curve does not work; When rotating vector rotates a circle when getting back to initial position, the bulb on the bulb on the circumference starting point, 0 ° and 360 ° points of sinusoidal curve is all lighted, and the next vibration period begins.
Described pause switch is pressed once, and light position remains unchanged, and more on time, counter, code translator are started working.
When the automatic/hand selector button is in " manually " position, by IC
2The basic R-S trigger of forming produces monopulse, by a monopulse switch, produces a pulse, and light moves forward a position.
The power supply of electronic controller be to electronic controller power supply+5V power supply and give the AC power of 6V miniature bulb power supply.
A kind of rotating vector demonstrator of the utility model can represent that this ultimate principle designs with rotating vector according to simple harmonic oscillation, demonstrator mainly is made up of clock-face diagram and two groups of bulbs of oscillating curve figure and electronic controller, can demonstrate the projection of rotating vector end points on the vertical coordinate axle; The demonstration oscillating curve; The rotating vector method of demonstration simple harmonic oscillation and the relation between the oscillating curve method.When the rotating vector representation of demonstrating simple harmonic oscillation and oscillating curve representation, under the control of electronic controller, two groups of bulbs on clock-face diagram and the oscillating curve figure are lighted respectively in order, and two kinds of methods are compared, make it come into plain view easily-learned easily mastered.
The good effect of a kind of rotating vector demonstrator of the utility model is:
(1) lights respectively in order by the bulb of corresponding point on control circumference, sinusoidal curve and the projection line, can demonstrate the projection of rotating vector end points on the vertical coordinate axle, the demonstration oscillating curve, the rotating vector method of demonstration simple harmonic oscillation and the relation between the oscillating curve method.
(2) make electronic controller with integrated circuit, make demonstrator stable performance, life-span long, effective, easy to operate.
(3) provide a kind of simple and light, image is clear and intuitive, the demonstration effect is better, the demonstration instrument of convenient teaching.
[description of drawings]
Accompanying drawing 1 is the panel construction synoptic diagram of a kind of rotating vector demonstrator of the utility model;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the structure synoptic diagram of a kind of rotating vector demonstrator of the utility model;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the circuit diagram of a kind of rotating vector demonstrator of the utility model.
Label among the figure is respectively:
1, casing, 2, the demonstration panel, 3, backboard, 4, circle, 5, sinusoidal curve, 6, projection line, 7, aperture, 8, power switch, 9, the automatic/hand selector button, 10, reset switch, 11, pause switch, 12, the monopulse switch, 13, supply socket.
[embodiment]
Provide the concrete embodiment of a kind of rotating vector demonstrator of the utility model below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1.
A kind of rotating vector demonstrator comprises casing 1, demonstration panel 2, backboard 3 and electronic controller, uses when imparting knowledge to students for convenient, and the casing of employing is long 100cm, wide 10cm, high 40cm, can make of wooden or organic glass; On demonstration panel 2, be provided with circle 4, sinusoidal curve 5 and projection line 6, on circumference, be drilled with 12 apertures 7 evenly and at intervals, on the corresponding point of sinusoidal curve 5, be drilled with 13 apertures 7, on the corresponding point of projection line 6, bore 7 apertures 7, the miniature bulb of a 6V is installed in each aperture 7, and the miniature bulb on the three part corresponding point couples together with lead and electronic controller.
The lower right corner at demonstration panel 2 is provided with power switch 8, automatic/hand selector button 9, reset switch 10, pause switch 11 and monopulse switch 12.Described pause switch 11 is pressed once, and light position remains unchanged, and more on time, counter, code translator are started working.When automatic/hand selector button 9 is in " manually " position, by IC
2The basic R-S trigger of forming produces monopulse, by a monopulse switch 12, produces a pulse, and light moves forward a position.
Electronic controller, electronic devices and components are set in casing 1 and are connected lead, electronic controller is made by integrated circuit, mainly is made up of power supply, clock, logic control circuit, output driver.Described logic control circuit comprises numeration integrated package, a decoding integration block, and two double D triggers, 12 two input nand gate integrated packages.Described numeration integrated package is the counter of a kind of 74LS92, and decoding integration block is the code translator of 74LS154, and double D trigger is a kind of 74LS74, and two input nand gate integrated packages are a kind of 74LS00.
Referring to accompanying drawing 2.
Lower right at casing 1 backboard 3 is provided with supply socket 13.
Referring to accompanying drawing 3.
The utility model with 220 volts of civil powers through the transformer transformation, through overcommutation, filtering, IC
8After the voltage stabilizing, stable+5 of one tunnel output volt voltage provides power supply for electronic controller, and another road provides AC power for the 6V miniature bulb on the demonstration panel.
Clock of the present utility model: clock circuit is made up of two parts, when automatic/hand selector button 9 is in " automatically " position, by IC
1And peripheral cell W
1, R
1, C
1Form the free-running multivibrator clocking, change W
1The frequency of clock signal can be changed, that is, the speed that light moves can be changed.
When automatic/hand selector button 9 is in " manually " position, by IC
2The basic R-S trigger of forming produces monopulse, by a K
3, producing a pulse, light moves forward a position.
Logic control circuit of the present utility model is mainly by main logic circuit IC
5, IC
6With control logic circuit IC
2, IC
3, IC
4, IC
7Constitute.IC
5Be duodecimal number system counter, IC
6Be four lines, 16 line code translators, IC
3Be double D trigger, IC
2, IC
4, IC
7Be four or two defeated people's Sheffer stroke gates.
After the start energising, by R
7C
3The differentiating circuit of forming produces a direct impulse and acts on IC
5CR end, make IC
5Reset its output terminal Q
A～Q
DBe electronegative potential, code translator IC
6Y
0The output electronegative potential, Y
1～Y
15The output noble potential.Simultaneously, by R
6, C
2The integrating circuit of forming produces a negative pulse and acts on IC
2R end, double D trigger resets, IC
32Q be noble potential, 1Q is an electronegative potential.From IC
5, IC
6The count decoding truth table as can be seen, when clock CP imports, through counter IC
5The counting coding, code translator IC
6After the decoding, Y
0～Y
5, Y
8～Y
13Export electronegative potential successively, make itself and Y
0～Y
5, Y
8～Y
13The driving circuit that links to each other drives bulb successively and lights.Starting point on 4 weeks of circle is corresponding with 0 ° of position on the sinusoidal curve 5, gets back to this point after rotating a circle again, but then arrive 360 ° position on sinusoidal curve 5.For this reason, the utility model began for first when rotation week by rotating vector at initial position, the bulb of circle 4 all starting points bulb on 0 ° of point on sinusoidal curve 5 is lighted, and the bulb on 5360 ° in the sinusoidal curve does not work, when rotating vector rotates a circle when getting back to initial position, bulb on the bulb of circle 4 all starting points, the sinusoidal curve 5 on 0 ° and 360 ° is all lighted, and shows that the next vibration period begins.
In order to reach above-mentioned demonstration effect, the bulb that the utility model will be justified on bulb and the sinusoidal curve 5 on 4 all start positions on 0 ° of point is in parallel, IC
6Y
1A road of output terminal connects driving circuit, and another road meets IC
31CK end; Y
0A road of output terminal connects driving circuit, and another road meets IC
4The phase inverter input end that Sheffer stroke gate is formed, this inverter output meets people IC
4An input end of another Sheffer stroke gate, another input termination IC of Sheffer stroke gate
31Q end, output termination driving circuit drives on the sinusoidal curve 5 360 ° bulb.
After the start energising; IC
31Q be electronegative potential, Sheffer stroke gate is blocked, y
0During the output electronegative potential, the bulb on 360 ° of points of sinusoidal curve does not work, and works as Y
0When becoming noble potential by electronegative potential, IC
31Q upset, become noble potential and remain unchanged (unless energising zero clearing Sheffer stroke gate is opened) by electronegative potential; Y
0When exporting electronegative potential once more, the bulb on 5360 ° in the sinusoidal curve brightens, and reaches the demonstration effect that needs.
Because Y
1With Y
13, Y
2With Y
12, Y
3With Y
11, Y
4With Y
10, Y
5With Y
9Can not be output as electronegative potential simultaneously, they are inserted IC respectively
4, IC
7As long as two input ends of Sheffer stroke gate are IC
4, IC
7Two input ends of Sheffer stroke gate have one to be input as electronegative potential, and then Sheffer stroke gate is output as noble potential.The bulb of the utility model on overdrive circuit driving harmonic motion line, like this, which is bright no matter 4 weeks of circle are gone up corresponding two bulbs, and the bulb on the harmonic motion line is all bright.
After the start energising, IC
32Q be noble potential, 2Q inserts IC
43A, make count pulse can pass through IC
4, 2D is connected into count status, as pause switch K
4After once, the d type flip flop upset, 2Q becomes electronegative potential by noble potential, IC
43Y be blocked, count pulse can not pass through, and makes IC
5, IC
6State is constant, and light position is also constant.When pressing pause switch K once more
4The time, 2Q becomes noble potential by electronegative potential, and counter, code translator are started working.By a reset switch K
5, counter and double D trigger reset, and light begins to move from initial position.
Driving circuit
From IC
42Y, IC
6The signal of output is sent into (PNP) transistor base, IC behind each road current-limiting resistance
43Y, IC
7The signal of output is sent into (NPN) transistor base behind each road current-limiting resistance, triode drives the bidirectional triode thyristor conducting through 75 Europe resistance again.
Element is selected
Because the bidirectional triode thyristor load is very little, can select current capacity little, other component values, model all are marked on the figure.
The electronic controller of a kind of rotating vector demonstrator of the utility model to be linked to each other with each bulb of demonstration panel 2, as long as the bulb that will demonstrate on the panel 2 is connected on the corresponding controllable silicon of electronic controller, on demonstration panel 2, power switch 8, automatic/hand selector button 9, reset switch 10, pause switch 11 (referring to accompanying drawing 1) are set; Supply socket 13 (referring to accompanying drawing 2) is set on backboard 3.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of rotating vector demonstrator, comprise casing, demonstration panel, backboard and electronic controller, it is characterized in that, at demonstration panel upper drawing circle, sinusoidal curve and projection line, even 12 apertures of ground auger on circumference bore 13 apertures on sinusoidal corresponding point, bore 7 apertures on the corresponding point of projection line, the miniature bulb of a 6V is installed in each aperture, and the miniature bulb on the three part corresponding point couples together with lead and electronic controller; On the demonstration panel, power switch, automatic/hand selector button are set, reset switch, pause switch and monopulse switch; Electronic controller, electronic devices and components are set in casing 1 and are connected lead, electronic controller is made by integrated circuit, mainly is made up of power supply, clock, logic control circuit, output driver; Supply socket is set on backboard.
2, a kind of rotating vector demonstrator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described logic control circuit comprises numeration integrated package, a decoding integration block, and two double D triggers, 12 two input nand gate integrated packages.
3, a kind of rotating vector demonstrator according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described numeration integrated package is the counter of a kind of 74LS92, decoding integration block is the code translator of 74LS154, double D trigger is a kind of 74LS74, and two input nand gate integrated packages are a kind of 74LS00.
4, a kind of rotating vector demonstrator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the starting point on the circumference is corresponding with 0 ° of position on the sinusoidal curve, and the bulb on the bulb on the circumference start position and the sinusoidal curve on 0 ° of point is in parallel, IC
6Y
1A road of output terminal connects driving circuit, and another road meets IC
31CK end; Y
0A road of output terminal connects driving circuit, and another road meets IC
4The phase inverter input end that Sheffer stroke gate is formed, this inverter output meets people IC
4An input end of another Sheffer stroke gate, another input termination IC of Sheffer stroke gate
31Q end, output termination driving circuit drives on the sinusoidal curve 360 ° bulb.
5, a kind of rotating vector demonstrator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when the automatic/hand selector button is in " manually " position, by IC
2The basic R-S trigger of forming produces monopulse, and monopulse is controlled moving of light.
6, a kind of rotating vector demonstrator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the power supply of electronic controller be to electronic controller power supply+5V power supply and give the AC power of 6V miniature bulb power supply.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2008201553878U CN201331862Y (en) | 2008-11-14 | 2008-11-14 | Rotating vector demonstration instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2008201553878U CN201331862Y (en) | 2008-11-14 | 2008-11-14 | Rotating vector demonstration instrument |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN201331862Y true CN201331862Y (en) | 2009-10-21 |
Family
ID=41225244
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2008201553878U Expired - Fee Related CN201331862Y (en) | 2008-11-14 | 2008-11-14 | Rotating vector demonstration instrument |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN201331862Y (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103236211A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2013-08-07 | 北京交通大学 | Intelligent demonstration instrument of simple harmonic oscillation composition and five polarization states of light |
| CN103680265A (en) * | 2014-01-04 | 2014-03-26 | 西北民族大学 | Rotating vector analysis and demonstration instrument |
| CN104167126A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-11-26 | 孔震 | Sine function image generation demonstration device and demonstration method |
-
2008
- 2008-11-14 CN CNU2008201553878U patent/CN201331862Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103236211A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2013-08-07 | 北京交通大学 | Intelligent demonstration instrument of simple harmonic oscillation composition and five polarization states of light |
| CN103236211B (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2016-07-06 | 北京交通大学 | The intelligent demonstration instrument of five kinds of polarization states of simple harmonic oscillation synthesis and light |
| CN103680265A (en) * | 2014-01-04 | 2014-03-26 | 西北民族大学 | Rotating vector analysis and demonstration instrument |
| CN103680265B (en) * | 2014-01-04 | 2016-05-25 | 西北民族大学 | Rotating vector analytical demonstrator |
| CN104167126A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-11-26 | 孔震 | Sine function image generation demonstration device and demonstration method |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20091021 Termination date: 20111114 |