CN201327472Y - Direct shear apparatus for meso-structure - Google Patents
Direct shear apparatus for meso-structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN201327472Y CN201327472Y CNU2008201564143U CN200820156414U CN201327472Y CN 201327472 Y CN201327472 Y CN 201327472Y CN U2008201564143 U CNU2008201564143 U CN U2008201564143U CN 200820156414 U CN200820156414 U CN 200820156414U CN 201327472 Y CN201327472 Y CN 201327472Y
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a test instrument which is based on direct shear tests and used to observe a meso-structure of soil mass when the soil mass is in actions of normal force and shear force, in particular to a direct shear apparatus for a meso-structure which observes a sandy soil meso-structure. The direct shear apparatus for a meso-structure comprises a shear box, a meso-structure observing surface, a permeable stone and a force measuring ring, the shear box utilizes a moving lower box, a fixed upper box and the permeable stone, the movable lower box, the fixed upper box and the permeable stone are all in semicircular shape, the arc lateral face of a semi-circular body in the shear box is made of annular and rigid metals, the straight lateral face of the semi-circular body of the shear box is made of planar transparent objects, and is suitable for illumination of observation lamps of a stereoscopic microscope. The utility model has the advantages that the direct shear apparatus for a meso-structure can directly observe changes of a meso-structure inside the solid mass during the processing of applying the normal force and the shear force, and has the advantages of simple and convenient test, direct-viewing test results, being capable of observing a full section of the soil mass and also being capable of observing an meso-structure of a partial portion of the soil mass.
Description
Technical field:
The utility model relates to a kind of soil body is subjected to normal force and shearing force and makes test apparatus, especially the microscopical structure direct shear apparatus that the sand microscopical structure is observed that the time spent observes the microscopical structure of the soil body.
Background technology:
The direct shear apparatus that adopts both at home and abroad is a kind of conventional method of measuring the shearing strength of soil at present, the shear test of direct shear apparatus, usually adopting 4 soil samples is one group, each soil sample is respectively under different pressure at right angle σ, applying horizontal shearing stress shears, purpose is the shear stress τ when trying to achieve shear failure, determines the shear strength parameter angle of internal friction of soil then according to Coulomb law
With cohesion c.Direct shear test is divided into soon cuts (Q), fixed (CQ) and three kinds of test methods of slow shear (S) of cutting soon.The test of direct shear apparatus is sealed the test soil sample, only energy measurement arrives the stressed of soil sample and distortion in process of the test, the variation of the soil body microscopical structure of soil sample inside can not be observed, thereby effect preferably can not be reached for the mechanical characteristic of the microscopical structure of the research soil body when being subjected to shear action.
The utility model content:
The utility model purpose is, the direct shear apparatus of filling up existing geotechnological experimental apparatus can not be observed the blank of soil body microscopical structure, be subjected to normal force and shearing force based on direct shear test, the soil body and make the test apparatus that the time spent observes the microscopical structure of the soil body, and provide a kind of microscopical structure of inside soil body of can observing intuitively to change, when the research soil body was subjected to shear action, the test apparatus effectively of soil body microscopical structure mechanical characteristic was the microscopical structure direct shear apparatus.
In order to realize the purpose of this utility model, the utility model has adopted following technical scheme to be: the microscopical structure direct shear apparatus comprises shear box, dynamometer and base; Described shear box is provided with fixing box and the movable box down gone up, and the utility model is to be based upon on the direct shear experiment basis of laboratory soil test, relies on the principle of work of direct shear test, has adopted box, fixing box and the permeable stone gone up under the activity of shear box of semicircle shape; Being sheared soil sample is the semicircle shape right cylinder, is fit in the shear box; The arcuate flanks of the semicircular body of shear box is made by the metal of annular, rigidity, and soil sample is played the horizontal restraint effect; The straight flange side of the semicircular body of shear box is made by the tabular transparent substance, and soil sample is played the horizontal restraint effect.
Wherein, the tabular transparent substance of described shear box straight flange side constitutes the microscopical structure inspection surface, can observe the section image of the soil body by the tabular transparent substance; The tabular transparent substance has enough rigidity, and the tabular transparent substance of guaranteeing shear history can flexural deformation, and influence is to the lateral confinement of soil sample.Microscopical structure observation direct shear apparatus is fit to the arrangement and the observation of stereomicroscope, and the suitable stereomicroscope observation illumination of light.
The inspection surface of described direct shear apparatus is observed by above-mentioned tabular transparent substance, and the tabular transparent substance has enough intensity, guarantees that the tabular transparent substance of shear history can not break, and causes the destruction of soil sample; This inspection surface is to be coated with the thin layer lubricant on the tabular transparent substance surface, reduces the friction of soil sample and tabular transparent substance; Inspection surface can be high 20mm, wide 618mm.
According to above-mentioned described microscopical structure direct shear apparatus, wherein, box secure bond under the activity of above-mentioned tabular transparent substance and shear box, and move with box under the activity of shear box.
Direct shear apparatus is installed is in order carried out direct shear test, the movable box-following permeable stone-soil sample down-fixing box-upper dankness stone-increased pressure board-dial gauge-ring of measuring one's own ability of going up; Soil sample is applied normal force, observation dial gauge reading, by the tabular transparency of semicircular body straight flange side, the microscopical structure of observing earth body side surface changes; Apply horizontal shear force, observe the ring reading of measuring one's own ability, by the tabular transparency, the microscopical structure of observing earth body side surface changes by semicircular body straight flange side; The microscopical structure that draws the soil body side surface under normal force at different levels and the effect of respective horizontal shearing force changes.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are to have realized in the process that applies normal force and shearing force, not only can test the stressed of soil sample and distortion, and can observe the microscopical structure variation of inside soil body intuitively.The utlity model has that test is easy, test findings is directly perceived, can carry out the complete section face observation of soil sample, also can carry out the characteristics of the part microscopical structure observation of soil sample.
Description of drawings:
Further specify the utility model below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of shear box of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.
Embodiment:
For technological means, creation characteristic that the utility model is realized, reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with concrete diagram, further set forth the utility model.
With reference to figure 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the utility model is subjected to normal force and shearing force based on direct shear test, the soil body and makes the test apparatus that the time spent observes the microscopical structure of the soil body, especially to the observation of sand microscopical structure.The utility model relies on the principle of work of direct shear test, and its embodiment is that microscopical structure direct shear apparatus of the present utility model comprises shear box 1, dynamometer, dial gauge, measures one's own ability and encircle and base; Described shear box 1 lower end is equipped with movable box 11 down by pin 7, under activity, install above the box 11 by screw 9 be fixed on have on the shear box 1 fixing on box 12, fixing go up box 12 bolt 8 is installed, this bolt 8 plays the effect of pre-fixing, the fixing box 12 of going up before the dress soil sample installs and takes out bolt 8 when soil sample is implemented to shear.Box 11, fixing upward box 12 and permeable stone all are semicircle shape under the activity of described shear box 1, by fixing box 12 and the movable box 12 suitable formation shear boxs 1 of going up gone up, this permeable stone is provided with box permeable stone and following box permeable stone, the described box permeable stone of going up is installed in fixing going up in the box 12, and following box permeable stone is packed under the activity in the box 11; Install in shear box 1 and sheared soil sample, this is sheared soil sample is the semicircle shape right cylinder, suitable with shear box 1; In the present embodiment, the semicircular body of described shear box 1 is provided with the arcuate flanks of making by the metal of annular, rigidity, and soil sample is played the horizontal restraint effect; The straight flange side of the semicircular body of described shear box 1 is made by tabular transparent substance 2, soil sample is played the horizontal restraint effect, simultaneously, the tabular transparent substance of described shear box straight flange side constitutes the microscopical structure inspection surface, can observe the section image of the soil body by tabular transparent substance 2; Box 11 secure bond under the activity of this tabular transparent substance 2 and shear box 1, and move with box 11 under the activity of shear box 1.
In the utility model, the high 40mm of the microscopical structure inspection surface of direct shear apparatus, wide 618mm, and adopted the tabular transparent substance 2 of enough rigidity to make (as tempered glass), the tabular transparent substance 2 of guaranteeing shear history can flexural deformation and is broken, the destruction that causes soil sample, influence is to the lateral confinement of soil sample; Tabular transparent substance 2 surfaces of described inspection surface are coated with the thin layer lubricant on also, are used for reducing the friction of soil sample and tabular transparent substance 2.The effect of this tabular transparent substance 2 is that the side by vision and Instrument observation soil sample is subjected to normal force and shearing force to make the soil body microscopical structure of time spent.The microscopical structure observation of the described soil body is: adopt stereomicroscope by the soil body microscopical structure of tabular transparent substance observation soil sample under normal force and shearing force effect; Microscopical structure observation direct shear apparatus is fit to the arrangement and the observation of stereomicroscope, the anterior diameter 64mm of the camera lens of stereomicroscope, length 25mm, the 45 ° of long 30mm of hypotenuse in expansion area, rear portion, diameter 120mm; Microscopical structure observation direct shear apparatus is fit to the illumination of stereomicroscope observation with light.
In order more to elaborate the utility model, concrete setting of the present utility model and operate as follows:
(1) is based upon on the direct shear experiment basis of laboratory soil test, relies on the principle of work of direct shear test.
(2) box 11, fixing upward box 12, permeable stone are semicircle shape under the activity of shear box 1.
(3) being sheared soil sample is the semicircle shape right cylinder, is fit in the shear box 1.
(4) arcuate flanks of the semicircular body of shear box 1 is made by the metal of annular, rigidity, and soil sample is played the horizontal restraint effect.
(5) the straight flange side of the semicircular body of shear box 1 is made by tabular transparent substance 2, and soil sample is played the horizontal restraint effect.
(6) direct shear apparatus is installed in order and is carried out direct shear test, permeable stone-soil sample under the movable box 11-down-fixing box 12-upper dankness stone-increased pressure board-dial gauge-ring of measuring one's own ability of going up.
(7) soil sample is applied normal force, observation dial gauge reading, by the tabular transparency of semicircular body straight flange side, the microscopical structure of observing earth body side surface changes.
(8) apply horizontal shear force, observe the ring reading of measuring one's own ability, by the tabular transparency, the microscopical structure of observing earth body side surface changes by semicircular body straight flange side.
(9) repeat (6)-(8), the microscopical structure that draws the soil body side surface under normal force at different levels and the effect of respective horizontal shearing force changes.
In above-mentioned the utility model, be to the making and the installation requirement of described soil sample:
(1) making of the cylindrical soil sample of semicircle shape, can in the semicircle shape cutting ring of same size, fill moulding, or go to cut the bigger soil sample of physical dimension that has prepared with the semicircle shape cutting ring of same size and form semicircle shape right cylinder soil sample, or directly in metal rigidity ring and tabular transparent substance surround the half cylindrical space of formation, fill soil body moulding, carry out direct shear test.
(2) the intermediate altitude surface level of the cylindrical soil sample of semicircle shape is positioned at the seam crossing of upper and lower shear box.
(3) diameter of the cylindrical soil sample of semicircle shape and each several part size are identical with the inner space physical dimension of shear box.
(4) the upper and lower surfacing of the cylindrical soil sample of semicircle shape contacts with the upper and lower surfacing of upper and lower permeable stone.
By to dedicated experiments of the present utility model, the utility model is further described.
Be process of the test and content below:
1. preparation soil sample uses the semi-cylindrical cutting ring to cut soil sample, and the soil sample radius is 3.09cm, and the soil sample height is 20mm; The seabeach sand is used in test, fine sand, the severe 14.6kN/m3 of soil, water percentage 5.9%, angle of internal friction 38.3 degree.
2. settle box 11 under the activity of shear box 1, the permeable stone of semicircle is placed in the bottom of box 11 under activity;
3. under activity, place soil sample above the permeable stone of box.
4. settle the fixing box 12 of going up, place the permeable stone of semicircle above the soil sample on fixing in the box 12, place increased pressure board.
5. settle the charger and the dial gauge of normal force.
6. settle the measure one's own ability ring and the dial gauge of shearing force.
7. by placing counterweight, soil sample is applied normal force at scale pan, and the perpendicular displacement of test soil sample;
8. when applying normal force, the variation of the microscopical structure of Instrument observation soil sample, and take digital photograph;
9. see through the handle shake runner, through the transmission of crowngear, to soil sample apply level to shearing force, measure shearing force and shear displacemant, until making soil sample shear failure.
10. when applying shearing force, the variation of the microscopical structure of Instrument observation soil sample, and take digital photograph;
11. repeat the 1-9 step, by applying different normal force, the microscopical structure of testing soil sample under the different normal force effects changes.
12. the digital photograph of taking is write down and puts in order, digital photograph is imported corresponding analysis software carry out graphical analysis, obtain soil body microscopic structural parameters.
13. after test and observed result reach designing requirement, take out soil sample and take pictures, remove instrument and equipment.Finish the direct shear test of microscopical structure direct shear apparatus.
The technical parameter of present embodiment is as follows:
1, the preparation of soil sample: undisturbed soil sample, use the cutting ring of semicircle to cut soil sample; Remoulded sample is determined the packing and the water percentage of soil sample to prepare soil sample in the semicircle shape cutting ring on request, or directly in already installed shear box on request packing prepare soil sample.
2, apply normal force: the general value of the normal force that soil sample is applied is 50kPa, 100kPa, 200kPa, 300kPa, 400kPa etc.; The size of normal force can be determined as requested voluntarily.
3, apply shearing force: the shearing force to the soil sample of bearing certain normal force applies, since 0 load, increase gradually, destroy until soil sample.
4, apply duration of normal force and apply the rate of loading of shearing force: be divided into soon according to direct shear test and cut (Q), fixed (CQ) and three kinds of test methods of slow shear (S) of cutting soon.Quick shear test is after soil sample is applied normal force, applies horizontal shearing stress fast with the shear rate of 0.8mm/min immediately and makes sample shear failure.Generally cut up only with 3～5 minutes from being loaded to soil sample; Fixed cutting soon is after soil sample is applied vertical pressure, allows the abundant discharging consolidation of soil sample, treat the soil sample settlement stability after, the shear rate of 0.8mm/min applies horizontal shearing stress fast and makes sample shear failure again; The slow shear sample is after soil sample is applied vertical pressure, allow the abundant discharging consolidation of soil sample, after treating settlement stability, apply horizontal shearing stress until sample shear failure with shear rate less than 0.02mm/min, make soil sample fully draining and generation cubic deformation always in the process of being cut, simulated " consolidation draining shearing " process.
5, the microscopical structure of soil sample observation: in the process that applies normal force and shearing force,, use stereomicroscope directly to observe and take the microscopical structure variation of soil sample by upright dull and stereotyped transparent toughened glass; Use digital camera directly to observe and take the deformation pattern of soil sample.
The purpose of this utility model is the blank that the direct shear apparatus of filling up present geotechnological experimental apparatus can not be observed soil body microscopical structure, provide a kind of microscopical structure of inside soil body of can observing intuitively to change the test apparatus effectively of the mechanical characteristic of the soil body microscopical structure when the research soil body is subjected to shear action.With respect to direct shear apparatus, the microscopical structure direct shear apparatus not only can be tested the stressed of soil sample and distortion, and can observe the microscopical structure variation of inside soil body intuitively.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are to have realized in the process that applies normal force and shearing force, can observe the microscopical structure of inside soil body change intuitively, and have that test is easy, test findings is directly perceived, the complete section face observation of soil sample can be carried out, also the characteristics of the part microscopical structure observation of soil sample can be carried out.
More than show and described ultimate principle of the present utility model and principal character and advantage of the present utility model.The technician of the industry should understand; the utility model is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in the foregoing description and the instructions just illustrates principle of the present utility model; under the prerequisite that does not break away from the utility model spirit and scope; the utility model also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in claimed the utility model scope.The claimed scope of the utility model is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (3)
1, microscopical structure direct shear apparatus comprises shear box, permeable stone, measures one's own ability and encircle and base, and described shear box is provided with the fixing box under box and the activity of going up,
It is characterized in that:
Box, fixing upward box, permeable stone are semicircle shape under the activity of described shear box; The semicircular body of described shear box is provided with the arcuate flanks of annular, rigid metal; The straight flange side of the semicircular body of described shear box is the tabular transparent substance.
2, microscopical structure observation direct shear apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the tabular transparent substance of described shear box straight flange side constitutes the microscopical structure inspection surface, this microscopical structure inspection surface is observed by the tabular transparent substance, and described tabular transparent substance also scribbles the thin layer lubricant on the surface.
3, microscopical structure according to claim 1 and 2 observation direct shear apparatus is characterized in that, box secure bond under the activity of described tabular transparent substance and shear box, and move with box under the activity of shear box.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2008201564143U CN201327472Y (en) | 2008-12-02 | 2008-12-02 | Direct shear apparatus for meso-structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2008201564143U CN201327472Y (en) | 2008-12-02 | 2008-12-02 | Direct shear apparatus for meso-structure |
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| CN201327472Y true CN201327472Y (en) | 2009-10-14 |
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| CNU2008201564143U Expired - Fee Related CN201327472Y (en) | 2008-12-02 | 2008-12-02 | Direct shear apparatus for meso-structure |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103257082A (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-21 | 中原工学院 | Method of reducing sample disturbances of direct shear test and cutting ring |
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2008
- 2008-12-02 CN CNU2008201564143U patent/CN201327472Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103257082A (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-21 | 中原工学院 | Method of reducing sample disturbances of direct shear test and cutting ring |
| CN103257082B (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2015-07-01 | 中原工学院 | Method of reducing sample disturbances of direct shear test and cutting ring |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20091014 Termination date: 20111202 |