CN201327413Y - Weight type tire and pavement noise measuring tow truck - Google Patents
Weight type tire and pavement noise measuring tow truck Download PDFInfo
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- CN201327413Y CN201327413Y CN 200820233821 CN200820233821U CN201327413Y CN 201327413 Y CN201327413 Y CN 201327413Y CN 200820233821 CN200820233821 CN 200820233821 CN 200820233821 U CN200820233821 U CN 200820233821U CN 201327413 Y CN201327413 Y CN 201327413Y
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a weight type tire and pavement noise measuring tow truck which comprises: a walk supporting tow truck system comprising a frame and a guiding wheel and a supporting wheel; a standard testing wheel and load system, which is arranged between the guiding wheel and the supporting wheel of the frame, is connected with the frame of the walk supporting tow truck system, and comprises a weight bracket and a standard testing wheel installed below the weight bracket; a noise measuring and analysing system which comprises a plurality of input channels, a plurality of output channels and a plurality of sensors and a vehicular power; a noise shielding and soundproof system which comprises a soundproof cover and a load system damping device. Moreover, the guiding wheel and the supporting wheel are arranged below the frame; the standard testing wheel is arranged on a wheel shaft; the wheel shaft is connected with one end of a wheel shaft bracket; the other end of the wheel shaft bracket is connected with one end of the weight bracket; the sensors are arranged in the standard testing wheel and load system; the soundproof cover is fixed on the frame.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of testing experiment equipment, is applicable to the noise of testing tire and road surface effect, is specifically related to a kind of counter weight type tire/pavement noise and detects trailer.
Background technology
Be accompanied by the fast development of highway communication cause, the traffic noise environmental pollution is day by day serious.The noise that automobile produces in the process of moving mainly comes from three aspects: the baffle noise of the friction noise on tire and road surface, the mechanicalness noise of automobile and vehicle external form.In general, when automobile travels with the speed that surpasses 50km/h, tire/road rumble will become the overriding noise source.The method of present domestic pavement noise monitoring mainly adopts the drive test method of ISO, just sound meter is placed apart from measuring point 7.5m far away, the position that 1.5m is high, adopt the standard car by fixed vehicle speed by measuring point, thereby measure the driving noise.This measuring method has characteristics easy and simple to handle, but also has tangible deficiency simultaneously: the one, and the background noise of surrounding environment is bigger to the testing result influence, influences the accuracy and the reliability of data; The 2nd, bigger for the noise measuring difficulty in the highway section that is open to traffic.
Tire/road rumble measuring method of extensively being approved in the world at present has following three kinds: rotary drum method (LaboratoryDrum), coastdown (Coast-By) and trailer method (Trailer).Tire/road rumble is that tire and road surface interact and produce, and with both character confidential relation is arranged all.In the test of rotary drum method, drum surface is crooked, has difficulties in the simulated roadway properties; Coastdown is subjected to other interference of noise bigger when measuring, and can only measure on the road of sealing, can be mainly used to measure frictional noise; The trailer method is compared with above-mentioned two kinds of methods, can effectively overcome above unfavorable factor, more accurately reflects the truth of tire-road rumble.China's existing " road surface and tyre noise tester " method of testing is not provided with sound insulation and noise reduction measure, therefore is subjected to the influence of external environment bigger, is not suitable under the situation of constantly traffic the noise of urban transportation is tested.
Because the design of configuration has increased the design difficulty of trailer, external existing noise measuring trailer mainly is the tire/pavement noise of simulation car under high speed driving, and current external trailer all is not provided with the counterweight regulating system.And the load-carrying of doughnut directly has influence on the contact area of tire, influence the noise on tire and road surface, on current highway of China and the urban road a considerable amount of trucies are arranged all simultaneously, the enforcement noise of truck is remarkable to the noise effect of urban transportation, counterweight loading system that tire/pavement noise therefore newly developed has detected the trailer specialized designs.
Summary of the invention
The utility model provides a kind of counter weight type tire/pavement noise to detect trailer, it can be in the situation of uninterrupted traffic, tire/the pavement noise that carries out urban road or highway detects, can regulate by counterweight simultaneously, the noise measuring on the tire/road surface of simulation under different load actions, handling safety, easy, and detect data stabilization, reliable.
The technical scheme main points that the utility model solves the problems of the technologies described above are: a kind of counter weight type tire/pavement noise detects trailer, comprising: acting trailer system is supported in walking, and this system comprises a vehicle frame and is installed in the guide wheel and the support wheel of vehicle frame bottom; Standard testing wheel and load system, it is installed between the guide wheel and support wheel of above-mentioned vehicle frame, and link to each other with vehicle frame that acting trailer system is supported in walking, this standard testing wheel and load system comprise the counterweight support and are installed on the standard testing wheel of counterweight support bottom, above-mentioned standard testing wheel is located on the wheel shaft, above-mentioned wheel shaft links to each other with wheel shaft bracket one end, and the wheel shaft bracket other end links to each other with an end of above-mentioned counterweight support; Noise measurement and analytic system, it comprises a plurality of input channels, a plurality of output channel and is arranged at a plurality of sensors and vehicle power in above-mentioned standard testing wheel and the load system; Noise shielding and sound insulation system, it comprises acoustic hood and load system shock attenuation device, above-mentioned acoustic hood is fixed on the above-mentioned vehicle frame.
Further, above-mentioned counterweight support is connected with damping spring and fixing damping system, and above-mentioned damping spring links to each other with the wheel shaft bracket of contiguous wheel shaft both sides respectively with fixing damping system.
The sensor of above-mentioned noise measurement and analytic system is a plurality of sound pressure sensors and speed probe, above-mentioned a plurality of sound pressure sensor is installed on the diverse location of above-mentioned testing wheel respectively, above-mentioned each sensor links to each other with above-mentioned a plurality of input channels respectively, also have several passages in a plurality of passages for expanding the USB power supply, can link to each other with computer.
Above-mentioned acoustic hood outside surface is a steel plate, and inside surface is a wedge, and above-mentioned wedge inboard is provided with perforated plate, is provided with glass fibre cotton between above-mentioned perforated plate and steel plate.Above-mentioned acoustic hood steel plate thickness is 0.5mm-1.5mm, and above-mentioned glass fibre cotton thickness is 5cm-15cm, and the perforation field of above-mentioned perforated plate is 20%-30%, and thickness is 1mm-2mm; Above-mentioned acoustic hood is the integrated design, joint seal; The metal position brushing of trailer has the damping lacquer; The all non-testing tires of this trailer are low noise tire.
Above-mentioned wheel shaft bracket links to each other with the counterweight support by a hinge, and above-mentioned hinge is articulated in walking and supports on the vehicle frame of acting trailer system.Preferably, above-mentioned wheel shaft is a syllogic, the interlude testing wheel that sets up standard, and the interlude wheel shaft links to each other by two sections wheel shafts of testing wheel mounting flange and other, so that the replacing testing wheel.
In addition, above-mentioned guide wheel is connected in the front portion of above-mentioned vehicle frame by a liftable system, and above-mentioned jacking system is a bolt and nut mechanism, and bolt and nut mechanism top is provided with adjustable handle.
Further, this trailer bottom is provided with the chassis, and above-mentioned chassis is low early and high after camber line shape.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
Under non-measurement state, testing wheel is in not landing ground of vacant state, conveniently is used for long-distance transportation.Testing wheel landing ground and have rated load to be pressed on the testing wheel during measurement state can be simulated the vehicle wheel load of cruising.The utility model can be regulated the load of load system according to the needs of test simultaneously, thereby can simulate the detection of tire under the different load-carrying situations/road surface effect noise.
Can conveniently realize the replacing of different testing tires by the design of testing wheel mounting flange.The size of tire can have tyres for passenger cars and full-sized bus tire.
Weighting system links to each other with the wheel shaft bracket by shock-absorbing spring, and other all contacts site all carry out the noise abatement processing by increasing elastic damping, thereby the Weighting system that is in operation can not produce unnecessary noise, and the loading of tire assembly can not produce big noise yet.
By the design of noise shielding and sound insulation system,, realized two purposes by acoustic hood being installed and the noise abatement of whole trailer being handled: the one, absorb the noise that testing wheel and road surface produce, do not allow this noise produce reverberation at anechoic room, measurement is caused error; The 2nd, isolate other all noises, do not allow in other sound inlet chamber, other sound is referred to as the error noise, and it mainly comprises: the noise of tractor; The noise of two support wheels of trailer; The noise that other vehicle that travels on the road produces; The noise that produces owing to wind (air flow) in running at high speed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall schematic of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the utility model standard testing wheel and load system schematic;
Fig. 3 is the utility model acoustic hood synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
See figures.1.and.2, a kind of counter weight type tire/pavement noise detects trailer, comprising: acting trailer system 1, standard testing wheel and load system 2, noise shielding and sound insulation system, noise measurement and analytic system are supported in walking.This trailer bottom is provided with the chassis in addition, and this chassis is low early and high after camber line shape.
A guide wheel 12 and two support wheels 13 that acting trailer system 1 comprises a vehicle frame 11 and is installed in the vehicle frame bottom are supported in walking, above-mentioned guide wheel 12 is connected in the front portion of above-mentioned vehicle frame 11 by a liftable system 14, above-mentioned jacking system 14 is a bolt and nut mechanism, and bolt and nut mechanism top is provided with adjustable handle 141.
In the utility model, support wheel 13 is mainly used in and supports entire measuring device energy smooth-ride in transportation and measuring process.Guide wheel 12 can support whole acting trailer system with support wheel 13 under testing wheel 21 idle situations, when testing wheel 21 work, guide wheel 12 can be mentioned, and supports whole acting trailer system by testing wheel 21 and support wheel 13.Support wheel 13 is selected the little tire of noise for use.Under the situation of design permission, the distance of testing wheel 21 and support wheel 13 should be tried one's best far, and the distance of support wheel 13 and testing wheel 21 is 1.8m among the design.
Standard testing wheel and load system 2 are installed between the guide wheel 12 and support wheel 13 of above-mentioned vehicle frame 11, comprise counterweight support 22 and are installed on the standard testing wheel 21 of counterweight support 22 bottoms, and standard testing wheel 21 is installed on the center of trailer.Standard testing wheel 21 is located on the wheel shaft 24, wheel shaft 24 links to each other with wheel shaft bracket 27 1 ends, wheel shaft bracket 27 other ends link to each other with an end of counterweight support 22 by a hinge 28, and the other end of counterweight support 22 is provided with balancing weight 26, and hinge 28 is articulated in walking and supports on the vehicle frame 11 of acting trailer system 1.By regulating the counterweight of counterweight support 22 end balancing weights 26, realize the adjusting of testing wheel 21 load-carryings, thereby realize the detection of tire under the different load-carrying situations/road surface effect noise.Wheel shaft 24 is a syllogic, the interlude testing wheel 21 that sets up standard, and the interlude wheel shaft links to each other by two sections wheel shafts of testing wheel mounting flange 29 and other, so that replacing testing wheel 21.The tire of testing wheel 21 can be tyres for passenger cars or full-sized bus tire.
Counterweight support 22 is connected with damping spring 25 and fixing damping system, and this place fixedly damping system is a damping spring 23.Damping spring 25 links to each other with the wheel shaft bracket 27 of contiguous wheel shaft 24 both sides respectively with damping spring 23, and other all contacts site all should carry out the noise abatement processing by increasing elastic damping.The Weighting system that is in operation can not produce unnecessary noise, and the loading of tire assembly can not produce noise yet.
Noise shielding and sound insulation system comprise acoustic hood 31 and load system shock attenuation device, and above-mentioned acoustic hood 31 is fixed on the above-mentioned vehicle frame 11.The design of noise shielding and sound insulation system has two purposes: the one, absorb the noise that testing wheel and road surface produce, and can not allow this noise produce reverberation at anechoic room, measurement is caused error; The 2nd, isolate other all noises, can not allow in other sound inlet chamber, other sound is referred to as the error noise, and it mainly comprises: the noise of tractor; The noise of two support wheels of trailer; The noise that other vehicle that travels on the road produces; The noise that produces owing to wind (air flow) in running at high speed.The design of this system is mainly by installing acoustic hood and realization being handled in the noise abatement of whole trailer.
The noise abatement treatment measures of whole trailer have: design enough trailers and tractor distance, reduce the noise of tractor; All non-testing tires are adopted low noise tire, reduce the noise in the traveling process; Whole acoustic hood 31 adopts integrated designs, takes sealing to handle to all seams, reduces the wind generation of making an uproar.Weighting system is increased fixedly damping design, reduce the possible noise of the Weighting system in the traveling process; All metal positions are all brushed the damping lacquer.
With reference to Fig. 3, acoustic hood 31 is fixedly mounted on the towing carriage 11, and acoustic hood 31 loam cakes can be raised, and is used for installing surveying sound system and changing testing tire, and the fundamental purpose that acoustic hood 31 is installed is that testing wheel 21 is covered the isolation of carrying out sound.Above-mentioned acoustic hood 31 outside surfaces are steel plate 311, and inside surface is a wedge 312, and above-mentioned wedge 312 inboards are provided with perforated plate 313, and 311 of above-mentioned perforated plate 313 and steel plates are provided with glass fibre cotton 314.Acoustic hood steel plate 311 thickness are 0.5mm-1.5mm, preferred 1mm; Glass fibre cotton 314 thickness are 5cm-15cm, preferred 10cm; The perforation field of perforated plate 313 is 20%-30%, and thickness is 1mm-2mm, preferred 1.5mm.Wedge 312 is sticked in perforated plate 313 outsides, and the subsides method of wedge 312 is that the rear wall of trailer sticks little wedge, and big wedge is sticked at other position of trailer, reduces in the traveling process, and wind strengthens the noise elimination effect of sound partiting system simultaneously at the eddy current that rear wall produces.Acoustic hood 31 is the integrated design, joint seal; The metal position brushing of trailer has the damping lacquer; The all non-testing tires of this trailer are low noise tire.Producing eddy current in order further to reduce air-flow in trailer inside, trailer is added top bottom-disc, the principle of chassis design is that the streamlined direction according to wind is designed to low early and high after camber line shape, reduces vehicle and flows to inwall into car in the traveling process apoplexy, produces wind noise.
Noise measurement and analytic system have 8 inputs, output channel, the a plurality of sensors that are arranged in above-mentioned standard testing wheel and the load system 2 are 4 sound pressure sensors and 1 speed probe, and above-mentioned 4 sound pressure sensors are installed on the diverse location of above-mentioned testing wheel 21 respectively.The test of parameters,acoustic is to measure by the sound pressure sensor of four positions that are installed in testing wheel.The testing software analysis that noise analysis is passed through realizes.4 in above-mentioned 8 passages connect sound pressure sensor, and 1 is switched through speed sensors, and 2 passages can be expanded the USB power supply, connect notebook computer, and are furnished with vehicle power.
The principle of work of trailer is under non-measurement state, and testing wheel 21 is in not landing ground of vacant state, and this state is mainly used in long-distance transportation.Being furnished with a simple crane in addition can make testing wheel be in overhead positions.During the measurement state, testing wheel 21 landing grounds and have rated load to be pressed on the testing wheel 21, this load mainly are the vehicle wheel loads of simulation cruising, according to the needs of test, can regulate load simultaneously, with the enforcement of the vehicle of simulating different load-carryings.
Be under the situation of different acoustic hood treatment measures below, to the test of trailer enforcement noise, the situation of contrast has: 1. have or not wedge; 2. glass fibre cotton is 5cm and 10cm; 3. establish the chassis and do not establish the chassis; 4. the chassis of test carriage is low early and high after streamlined and straight chassis design; 4. the testing wheel installation is landed with testing wheel unsettled.Measured test figure is as follows.
One, testing wheel is unloaded down, only estimated under the prerequisite of acoustic hood effect, the test findings that trailer and acoustic hood are carried out the different disposal measure.
Wherein: L
A--A weighted noise sound pressure level, L
p--the sound pressure level of noise.
1, the test result when acoustic hood does not have wedge (glass fibre cotton is 5cm).
| L p/dB | L A/dBA | The measurement state |
| 101.0 | 83.8 | Travel speed 80km/h |
| 100.3 | 83.5 | Travel speed 100km/h |
| 104.7 | 88.5 | Travel speed 110km/h |
2, the test result (glass fibre cotton is 5cm) after increasing wedge.
| L p/dB | L A/dBA | The measurement state |
| 98.3 | 82.4 | Travel speed 80km/h |
| 98.3 | 82.8 | Travel speed 80km/h |
| 98.6 | 82.1 | Travel speed 80km/h |
| 99.8 | 81.0 | The test carriage header board reduces, travel speed 80km/h |
| 99.4 | 80.9 | The test carriage header board reduces, travel speed 80km/h |
The result proves, increases wedge and can reduce background noise 1.4dB approximately, and the header board of test carriage is reduced, make be more suitable for streamlined at the bottom of the car after, can reduce the background noise of 1.4dB.
3, be covered with wedge in sound insulation, the test result (glass fibre cotton is 5cm) behind the increase chassis (only keeping necessary test opinion opening).
| Data number | L p/dB | L A/dBA | The measurement state |
| 80k03022 | 103.8 | 78.5 | Travel speed 80km/h |
| 80k03011 | 104.0 | 78.8 | Travel speed 80km/h |
| 80k0033 | 102.7 | 80.1 | The test carriage header board reduces, travel speed 80km/h |
| 80k0304 | 102.3 | 79.7 | The test carriage header board reduces, travel speed 80km/h |
| 80k03045 | 101.7 | 78.8 | The test carriage header board reduces, travel speed 80km/h |
Test findings proves: increase about noise that can reduce 3.7dBA behind the chassis, because the chassis effect, the header board effect that reduces test carriage is just no longer obvious.
4, be covered with wedge in sound insulation, increase chassis (only keeping necessary test opinion opening), the low early and high after cleanliness that is of test carriage, after test result (glass fibre cotton 10cm is thick).
| L p/dB | L A/dBA | The measurement state |
| 110.6 | 77.6 | Travel speed 80km/h |
| 109.5 | 76.8 | Travel speed 80km/h |
| 108.7 | 77.1 | Travel speed 100km/h |
| 107.7 | 76.3 | The test carriage front lower place adds baffle plate, travel speed 80km/h |
| 107.7 | 76.3 | The test carriage front lower place adds baffle plate, travel speed 80km/h |
| 110.0 | 80.8 | The test carriage front lower place adds baffle plate, travel speed 100km/h |
| 110.0 | 76.0 | The test carriage front lower place adds baffle plate, reduces test carriage the place ahead height, travel speed 80km/h |
| 107.1 | 80.4 | The test carriage front lower place adds baffle plate, reduces test carriage the place ahead height, travel speed 100km/h |
After increasing the cotton thickness of sound absorption, can reduce the about 1.4dBA of background noise, in the case, the place ahead adds deep bead, can reduce 0.9dBA again, reduces test carriage the place ahead height and also can reduce 0.3dBA.
Two, under the final situation that becomes car tape test wheel, the pavement noise comparing result when testing wheel lands and hangs with testing wheel.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of counter weight type tire/pavement noise detects trailer, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Acting trailer system is supported in walking, and this system comprises a vehicle frame and is installed in the guide wheel and the support wheel of vehicle frame bottom;
Standard testing wheel and load system, it is installed between the guide wheel and support wheel of described vehicle frame, and link to each other with vehicle frame that acting trailer system is supported in walking, the standard testing wheel that it comprises the counterweight support and is installed on counterweight support bottom, described standard testing wheel is located on the wheel shaft, described wheel shaft links to each other with wheel shaft bracket one end, and the wheel shaft bracket other end links to each other with described counterweight support one end;
Noise measurement and analytic system, it comprises a plurality of input channels, a plurality of output channel and is arranged at a plurality of sensors and vehicle power in described standard testing wheel and the load system;
Noise shielding and sound insulation system, it comprises acoustic hood and load system shock attenuation device, described acoustic hood is fixed on the described vehicle frame.
2, counter weight type tire as claimed in claim 1/pavement noise detects trailer, it is characterized in that, described counterweight support is connected with damping spring and fixing damping system, and described damping spring links to each other with the wheel shaft bracket of contiguous wheel shaft both sides respectively with fixing damping system.
3, counter weight type tire as claimed in claim 1 or 2/pavement noise detects trailer, it is characterized in that, the sensor of described noise measurement and analytic system is a plurality of sound pressure sensors and speed probe, described a plurality of sound pressure sensor is installed on the diverse location of described testing wheel respectively, described each sensor links to each other with described a plurality of input channels respectively, also have several passages in a plurality of input channels for expanding the USB power supply, link to each other with computer.
4, counter weight type tire as claimed in claim 3/pavement noise detects trailer, it is characterized in that described sound pressure sensor is 4, and described speed probe is one or more, and it is 2 that described several can be expanded USB power supply passage.
5, counter weight type tire as claimed in claim 3/pavement noise detects trailer, it is characterized in that described acoustic hood outside surface is a steel plate, and inside surface is a wedge, and described wedge inboard is provided with perforated plate, is provided with glass fibre cotton between described perforated plate and steel plate.
6, counter weight type tire as claimed in claim 1 or 2/pavement noise detects trailer, it is characterized in that, described wheel shaft bracket links to each other with the counterweight support by a hinge, and described hinge is articulated in walking and supports on the vehicle frame of acting trailer system.
7, counter weight type tire as claimed in claim 1/pavement noise detects trailer, it is characterized in that described wheel shaft is a syllogic, the interlude testing wheel that sets up standard, and the interlude wheel shaft links to each other by two sections wheel shafts of flange and other.
8, counter weight type tire as claimed in claim 6/pavement noise detects trailer, it is characterized in that, described guide wheel is connected in the front portion of described vehicle frame by a liftable system, and described jacking system is a bolt and nut mechanism, and bolt and nut mechanism top is provided with adjustable handle.
9, counter weight type tire as claimed in claim 5/pavement noise detects trailer, it is characterized in that described steel plate thickness is 0.5mm-1.5mm, described glass fibre cotton thickness is 5cm-15cm, the perforation field of described perforated plate is 20%-30%, and thickness is 1mm-2mm; Described acoustic hood is the integrated design, joint seal; The metal position brushing of trailer has the damping lacquer; The all non-testing tires of this trailer are low noise tire.
10, counter weight type tire as claimed in claim 5/pavement noise detects trailer, it is characterized in that this trailer bottom is provided with the chassis, and described chassis is low early and high after camber line shape.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200820233821 CN201327413Y (en) | 2008-12-24 | 2008-12-24 | Weight type tire and pavement noise measuring tow truck |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200820233821 CN201327413Y (en) | 2008-12-24 | 2008-12-24 | Weight type tire and pavement noise measuring tow truck |
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| CN201327413Y true CN201327413Y (en) | 2009-10-14 |
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| CN 200820233821 Expired - Lifetime CN201327413Y (en) | 2008-12-24 | 2008-12-24 | Weight type tire and pavement noise measuring tow truck |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102735454A (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2012-10-17 | 中铁四局集团第一工程有限公司 | Pavement structure for drumming road |
| CN109752198A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-05-14 | 一汽-大众汽车有限公司 | A kind of tire match method and system based on vehicle noise control |
| CN110441076A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-12 | 上汽通用汽车有限公司 | Mute trailer |
-
2008
- 2008-12-24 CN CN 200820233821 patent/CN201327413Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102735454A (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2012-10-17 | 中铁四局集团第一工程有限公司 | Pavement structure for drumming road |
| CN110441076A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-12 | 上汽通用汽车有限公司 | Mute trailer |
| CN110441076B (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2021-06-15 | 上汽通用汽车有限公司 | Silent trailer |
| CN109752198A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-05-14 | 一汽-大众汽车有限公司 | A kind of tire match method and system based on vehicle noise control |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20091014 Effective date of abandoning: 20081224 |