CN201309430Y - Electronic speed regulator of direct-current motor used in electric automobile - Google Patents

Abstract

Electronic speed regulator of a direct-current (DC) motor used in an electric automobile relates to the motor electronic control technology, and comprises a start switch, an accelerator pedal, a braking switch, a power supply module, a pulse-width modulation module, a power control module, a power output module, a series DC motor and an over-current and over-heat protection circuit, wherein, the power output module is an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) U1, and is connected in series with an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) U2 with the freewheeling function, and the tandem connection point Q is connected with a DC motor M. The utility model generates the active effects of high integration, simplified circuit and sensitive control, adopts the IGBT U1 which is well matched with load to output power; adopts the IGBT U2 to replace a conventional freewheeling diode, thereby greatly reducing the freewheeling power and effectively avoiding the heating and the burning of a speed regulator, meanwhile, the Electronic speed regulator is further used for brake regeneration, adopts a DC-DC power inverse module, so that the power supply of a control circuit is stable; and a motor return circuit is connected in series with an inductance L, so that the motor current is smoother.

Description

Used for electric vehicle DC machine electronic governor

Technical field:

The utility model relates to the motor electronic control technology, particularly used for electric vehicle DC machine electronic governor.

Background technology:

Fast development along with large power semiconductor device, microelectronic technique, also swift and violent with it the growing up of this new sidelines of science of power electronics, this is mainly reflected in and adopts on the speed control of electronic control system to motor, special as adopt electronic governor to control direct current motor system, the successful Application and Development of this technology has played crucial effects for the fast development of electronlmobil.

At present, the electronic governor of DC machine mainly adopts the pulse wide modulation principle that motor is carried out pressure regulation-unsteady flow control, to reach the purpose of electric machine speed regulation, the power component of pulse wide modulation can be large power semiconductor devices such as field effect transistor, silicon controlled crystal brake pipe, igbt, the general at present special-purpose PIC singlechip chips that adopt of the function unit of pulse wide modulation more.The existing igbt motor electronic governor that more generally adopts mainly has two defectives, the one,, for protecting high-power bipolar transistor, when PWM turn-offs, providing continuous current circuit for current of electric, all generally adopt diode continuousing flow, and diode continuousing flow power consumption height after tested, easily cause the governor heating, make overload capacity poor, easily scaling loss; The 2nd,, fail to solve preferably braking energy regeneration and reclaim problem.

Summary of the invention:

Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is, provides a kind of low in energy consumption, and overload capacity is strong, the used for electric vehicle DC machine electronic governor that regenerative brake is effective.

This used for electric vehicle DC machine electronic governor comprises starting switch, Das Gaspedal, brake switch, power module, pulse width modulation module, power output control module, power output module, freewheeling circuit, series excitation DC machine, overcurrent and overheating protection circuit, be characterised in that described pulse width modulation module is made of the TL494 chip that can produce high-frequency pulsed width modulation signal PWM; Described power output control module amplifies chip by the M57962L pulse and constitutes, and its input end is connected with the mouth of pulse width modulation module TL494 chip, and its mouth connects power output module; Described power output module is made of power semiconductor switch pipe U1, and described freewheeling circuit is made of the semiconductor power switch pipe U2 that is in series, plays the afterflow effect with power semiconductor switch pipe U1, and its serial connection Q point meets DC machine M; Described semiconductor power switch pipe U1, U2 are insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT; DC machine M loop is connected to smoothing inductor L.

The good effect that produces of the present utility model is, adopts the output of special-purpose micro controller system high-frequency pulsed width modulation TL494 chip and special power to drive the M57962L pulse and amplifies chip, makes circuit reduction, and control is sensitive; Adopt the output of the igbt U1 IGBT rate of doing work, power-handling capability is strong, and is good with load matching; Adopt igbt U2 IGBT to replace conventional flywheel diode, can make the bigger reduction of afterflow power consumption, can effectively avoid the heating burnout of governor, improved efficiency of energy utilization, also be used for braking regeneration simultaneously; Adopt DC-DC DC-AC-direct supply inversion module, make the control path power supply stable, complete machine is reliable.The motor M loop is connected to inductance L, smoothly the armature electric current.

Description of drawings:

Accompanying drawing 1 the utility model circuit schematic diagram of structure

The grid drive waveforms figure of accompanying drawing 2 the utility model driving switch pipe U1 and continued flow switch pipe U2

The specific embodiment:

Accompanying drawing 1 has provided a kind of specific embodiment of the utility model, its circuit is connected to: the anodal power connection K switch 1 of battery pack BATT through insuring the contact K2 that RD succeeds electrical equipment J, connects the C1 utmost point of U1 IGBT again, by the C2 utmost point of the E1 utmost point of U1 serial connection U2IGBT, by the E2 best BATT negative pole of U2IGBT; The output of pulse width modulating chip TL494 one road meets control by pulses chip F, and electrical equipment J is succeeded in the output of F, and the while also meets output wind-receiving fan motor m1, m2, m3.The second tunnel output of pulse width modulating chip TL494 meets power output control chip M57962L, and the output of M57962L connects G1, the E1 utmost point of U1 IGBT; The Third Road output of pulse width modulating chip TL494 meets power output control chip M57962L, and the output of M57962L connects G2, the E2 utmost point of U2 IGBT.Be located at the input end that two power switch pipe U1, U2 other temperature sensor T1, T2 connect the TL494 chip respectively.The serial connection point Q of U1, U2 meets load motor M through smoothing inductor L.Power supply, motor place are provided with Hall current sensor M1 and M2 respectively, and are connected with the input end of TL494 chip respectively.Accelerator pedal signal Y and speed-slackening signal Z connect the input end of TL494 chip respectively.It is input as battery pack BATT (anodal by drawing after the insurance RD) power inverter DC-DC module, its output has two the tunnel, 15VDC and 12VDC, wherein 15VDC is as the power supply of TL494 chip, and 12VDC is as the power supply of power output control chip M57962L and relay J control by pulses chip F.The contact F of relay J also is connected to big resistance R.Be connected to filter capacitor C after the relay contact K2.Below sketch its principle of work:

During driving work, close source switch K1, accelerator pedal is given Acceleration Signal, after Acceleration Signal reached the driving threshold value, pulse duration modulation TL494 chip provided logic control signal to relay control by pulses chip F, is moved by F control relay J, make the K2 closure, connect battery pack BATT power supply.Then pulse duration modulation TL494 chip provides the control chip M57962L of PWM pulse-width signal to power drive switching valve U1 and continued flow switch pipe U2, and by M57962L difference drive controlling U1IGBT and U2 IGBT, make the two all be in the high-frequency PWM on off state, and, by software set to TL494, its output of TL494 is guaranteed when U1 IGBT conducting and U2 IGBT turn-offs, U2 IGBT conducting during U1 IGBT shutoff, make continued flow switch pipe U2 follow driving switch pipe U1 work, the two work wave polarity is opposite, as shown in Figure 2, so, be in the ON time in a pwm pulse cycle as U1 IGBT, (this time U2 IGBT shutoff), IGBT gives drive motor M drive current, produce drive torque, the loop of this drive current is: anodal through K1 through power supply BATT, RD, M1, K2, IGBT, the Q point, inductance L, M2, motor M, be back to power cathode, the size of drive current that IGBT gives depends on that the PWM conduction angle is the size of dutycycle, conduction angle is big more, the voltage that is added on the motor is just high more, the average driving current that offers motor is just big more, motor speed is just high more, and the size of conduction angle is TL494 according to the big or small automatically regulating of the current feedback signal of the size of Das Gaspedal stroke and Hall current sensor M1.And work as the turn-off time that U1 IGBT is in a pwm pulse cycle, U2 IGBT conducting this moment, the motor M armature current is the U2 IGBT afterflow by conducting then, because of the conducting resistance of continued flow switch pipe U2 IGBT very little, reduce a lot with respect to its afterflow power consumption of flywheel diode, therefore effectively reduce total power consumption, improved electrical usage efficient.

During braking regeneration, lift Das Gaspedal, promptly turn-offed the throttle Acceleration Signal, open brake switch simultaneously, speed-slackening signal inputs to pulse duration modulation TL494 chip, TL494 is output control logic signal and pwm pulse signal then, U1 IGBT is turn-offed in that whole braking procedure is consistent, and make U2 IGBT at the consistent on off state that is in of whole braking procedure, and, at the ON time in a pwm pulse cycle, braking current will be flowed out by the positive pole of motor M armature, through over-current sensor M2, inductance L, Q point, U2IGBT, flow back to the armature negative pole; And in turn-off time in a pwm pulse cycle, braking current then will be flowed out by the positive pole of motor M armature, through over-current sensor M2, inductance L, Q point, through and diode D1, the K2, current sensor M1, RD and the K1 that connect anti-, to battery BATT positive pole with U1 IGBT, charge the battery, flow back into the armature negative pole by battery cathode, constitute charge circuit, realized the braking energy regeneration recovery.

TL494 gathers the current signal of power end and motor side by Hall current sensor M1 and M2, when signal meets or exceeds specified value, overcurrent is described, then by TL494 output locking signal, U1IGBT and U2 IGBT is ended, and realizes overcurrent protection.TL494 gathers the temperature signal of U1 IGBT and U2 IGBT, when signal meets or exceeds specified value by temperature sensor T1, T2; illustrate that power switch pipe is overheated; then, U1 IGBT and U2 IGBT are ended, play overheating protection by TL494 output locking signal.

In the above-mentioned specific embodiment, TL494 is special-purpose micro controller system pulse duration modulation, PWM waveform pulse producer chip, also produces logic control signal simultaneously.Drive controlling chip M57962L is that control chip is amplified in pulse, is built-in with input light idol buffer circuit simultaneously, has very strong anti-interference resistance.Battery pack BATT is in series by 10 groups of lithium celies, and every group is 12V/150Ah.Motor M is a series DC machine, power 20KW.U1, U2 select the insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT of withstand voltage 600V working current 300A for use.Resistance R is selected 2K/50W for use.C1 selects 1000 μ F/600V for use.M1, M2 are the Hall current sensor that 400A becomes 100mA.T1, T2 are the temperature sensor of 65 ℃ of actions.Fan m1, m2, m3 select 12V/0.5A for use, for governor and motor provide heat radiation.

Claims (3)

1, used for electric vehicle DC machine electronic governor, comprise starting switch, Das Gaspedal, brake switch, power module, pulse width modulation module, power output control module, power output module, freewheeling circuit, series excitation DC machine, overcurrent and overheating protection circuit, it is characterized in that described pulse width modulation module is made of the TL494 chip that can produce high-frequency pulsed width modulation signal PWM; Described power output control module amplifies chip by the M57962L pulse and constitutes, and its input end is connected with the mouth of pulse width modulation module TL494 chip, and its mouth connects power output module; Described power output module is made of power switch pipe U1; Described freewheeling circuit is made of the power switch pipe U2 that is in series, plays the afterflow effect with power switch pipe U1, and its serial connection Q point meets load DC machine M.

According to the described used for electric vehicle DC machine of claim 1 electronic governor, it is characterized in that 2, described power switch pipe U1, U2 are insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT.

3, according to claim 1 or 2 described used for electric vehicle DC machine electronic governors, it is characterized in that described power module is a DC-DC power inverter module, it is input as dc-battery group BATT, and it is output as: 15VDC and 12VDC; DC machine M loop is connected to smoothing inductor L.

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