CN201298796Y - 直驱式混励型风能发电机 - Google Patents
直驱式混励型风能发电机 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
- H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
- H02K1/148—Sectional cores
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
- F03D15/20—Gearless transmission, i.e. direct-drive
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
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- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
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- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/02—Details
- H02K21/04—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation
- H02K21/042—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation with permanent magnets and field winding both rotating
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- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种采用永久磁场和电磁场共同励磁发电的直驱式混励型风能发电机。可调节电压变化、能发电并网、特设置环型式阻力绕组减小失步运转,提高发电并网运行的平稳性和抗冲力。不需要齿轮变速箱增速器,结构轻巧、起动阻力小、发电功率大、节能明显、风电转换效率高和功率密度高,故障少、运行维护成本低和装机成本低。机壳外部安装有散热器,在自然环境中发挥更好的散热效果,机座上安装有随风向摆动的旋转器,提高叶片的跟风效率和风能利用率。攻破了现有的永磁风能发电机存在磁拉力带来运转阻力大造成功率损失大的技术难关,解决了现有的外置式转子结构的永磁风能发电机存在的技术难题,应用前景广泛。
Description
技术领域:
本实用新型直驱式混励型风能发电机属于风能发电机领域。
技术背景:
现有的风能发电机可分为两类:一类为已产业化的间驱式电磁型风能发电机。叶片安装在齿轮变速箱增速器的低速转轴端,电磁式风能发电机安装在齿轮变速箱增速器的高速转轴端,将风能带动叶片转速为10~30r/min的低转速增速至1500r/min的高转速后再驱动电磁式风能发电机发电,为间驱式结构。存在起动阻力大,在风速低的风区段不能发电、风电转换效率低、齿轮变速箱增速器笨重、昂贵、故障多、运行维护成本高和装机成本高等技术缺陷。另一类为不需要齿轮变速箱增速器的直驱式永磁风能发电机。叶片安装在其转轴上,当风能带动叶片转速为10~30r/min的低转速时就能直接驱动永磁风能发电机发电,具有起动阻力小,风电转换效率高,在风速较低的风区段也能发电。由于永久磁钢嵌入转子上的位置为内置式转子结构,转子结构存在机械强度差、漏磁大、气隙磁密低和功率密度低、发电功率小、不能调节电压变化和不能发电并网等技术缺陷,难以实现产业化,至今仍处在样机研制阶段。
实用新型内容:
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种采用永久磁场和电磁场共同励磁发电的直驱式混励型风能发电机。可调节电压变化、能发电并网、特设置环型式阻尼绕组减小失步运转,提高发电并网运行的平稳性和抗冲力。不需要齿轮变速箱增速器,结构轻巧、起动阻力小、发电功率大、节能明显、风电转换效率高和功率密度高,故障少、运行维护成本低和装机成本低。攻破了现有的永磁风能发电机存在磁拉力带来运转阻力大造成功率损失大的技术难关和攻破了现有的外置式转子结构的永磁发电机受自身结构上的限制不能安装环型阻尼式绕组的技术难关,弥补了现有的外置式转子结构的永磁风能发电机存在永久磁钢固定难度大和永久磁钢在运转中易破碎的技术缺陷。机壳外部安装有散热器,在自然环境中发挥更好的散热效果,机座上安装有随风向摆动的旋转器,提高叶片的跟风效率和风能利用率。
本实用新型采用的技术方案:
本实用新型与现有技术相比,其优点在于:
1、采用永久磁钢制造同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极,在同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极两侧矩形面的轴向上开有凹型键槽。攻破了直驱式混励型风能发电机采用外置式转子结构带来永久磁钢固定难度大和不能安装环型式阻尼绕组的技术难关,解决了外置式转子结构在运转中永久磁钢易破碎的技术难题,大大提高了永久磁钢的抗拉强度和安装效率。
2、定子铁芯结构采用n等分的同心式定子铁芯拼装合成,同心式定子铁芯采用同心式定子冲片斜槽方式叠装合成。攻破了现有的永磁风能发电机存在磁拉力带来运转阻力大造成功率损失大的技术难关,大大提高了直驱式混励型风能发电机的风电转换效率和发电功率。
3、定子绕组结构采用n个绕制在定子铁芯上的独立绕组连接构成。采用高效率的自动化嵌线新工艺方法替代低效率的手工嵌线方法,实现了规模化低成本生产,解决了现有的风能发电机定子铁芯结构难以实现自动化嵌线新工艺的技术难题。
4、采用高强度材料制造空心的圆筒式转子芯可大大减少材料用量和体重,在空心的圆筒式转子心的外圆轴向上开有n个均匀分布的键槽固定同心式转子铁芯,拼装合成转子铁芯结构。在空心的圆筒式转子芯两侧的端盖上开有带键槽的中心轴孔和n个通风孔,转轴安装在带键槽的中心轴孔内,开通风孔有利于转子总成的散热,大大提高了转子总成的同心度和机械强度,弥补了现有的直驱式永磁风能发电机采用内置式转子结构带来机械强度差和散热效果差的技术缺陷。
5、在转子铁芯上开有n个均匀分布的凹型定位槽,在凹型定位槽内侧面的轴向上设有固定同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极的键条。将n个同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极安装固定在凹型定位槽内,有序排列成n对N极和S极磁极结构,构成漏磁极小的外置式转子结构。直驱式混励型风能发电机采用外置式转子结构大大提高了气隙磁密和发电功率,弥补了现有的直驱式永磁风能发电机采用内置式转子结构存在永久磁钢漏磁大,气隙磁密低和功率密度低等技术缺陷。
6、在转子铁芯上设有n个均匀分布的转子齿构成电磁极,可调节发电并网的切入电压。在转子齿上开有阻尼孔,将阻尼导条装入阻尼孔中,在阻尼导条的两端上安装阻尼导环,构成环型式阻尼绕组。可减小失步运转,提高发电并网运行的平稳性和抗冲力。
7、在转子铁芯上开有n个均匀分布的线槽,在线槽中嵌有励磁绕组产生电磁场调节电压的变化,攻破了现有的永磁风能发电机不能调节电压变化和发电并网难度大的技术难关。
8、转子铁芯结构采用n等分的同心式转子铁芯拼装合成,同心式转子铁芯采用同心式转子冲片叠装合成,大大提高了材料的使用率和安装效率。
9、在机壳外部的轴向上安装有导风管,在导风管的外部安装有导风罩,构成风冷式散热器,在自然环境中发挥更好的散热效果。在机座上安装有随风向摆动的旋转器,提高叶片的跟风效率和风能利用率。
附图说明:
图1、图2为本实用新型整机结构示意图;
图3、图4为本实用新型定子铁芯结构示意图;
图5、图6为本实用新型同心式定子冲片结构示意图;
图7、图8为本实用新型转子铁芯结构示意图;
图9、图10为本实用新型同心式转子冲片结构式意图;
图11、图12、图13、图14为本实用新型同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极结构示意图;
图15、图16为本实用新型阻尼导环结构示意图;
图17、图18为本实用新型阻尼导条结构示意图。
具体实施方式:
参阅图1、图2结构示意图所示:1、为定子总成;2、为转子总成;4、为机壳;5、为励磁机;6、为制动器;33、为转轴;34、为轴承;40、为端盖;41、为风冷式散热器;42、为机座;43、为机罩;50、为电压调节器。
参阅图3、图4结构示意图所示:10、为定子铁芯;14、为定子绕组。
参阅图5、图6结构示意图所示:11、为同心式定子冲片;12、为焊槽;13、为定子槽。
参阅图7、图8结构示意图所示:3、为圆筒式转子芯端盖;20、为转子铁芯;25、为转子励磁绕组;28、为阻尼导条;29、为阻尼导环;30、为圆筒式转子芯键槽;31、为圆筒式转子芯带键槽的中心轴孔;32、为圆筒式转子芯端盖通风孔;33、为转轴;35、为同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极。
参阅图9、图10结构示意图所示:21、为同心式转子冲片;22、为凹型定位槽;23、为键条;24、为转子槽;26、为转子齿;27、为阻尼孔。
参阅图11、图12、图13、图14结构示意图所示:35、为同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极;36、为同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极凹型键槽。
参阅图15、图16结构示意图所示:29、为阻尼导环。
参阅图17、图18结构示意图所示:28、为阻尼导条。
本实用新型将n个同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极[35]安装在转子铁芯[20]上的凹型定位槽[22]内,采用凹型定位槽[22]内侧面上的轴向键条[23]固定在同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极[35]两侧矩形面上的凹型键槽[36]内,将同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极固定在凹型定位槽[22]内,构成n对N极和S极磁极结构。将阻尼导条[28]装入转子齿[26]上的阻尼孔[27]中,在阻尼导条[28]的两端上安装阻尼导环[29],构成环型式阻尼绕组。定子总成[1]安装在机壳[4]的内圆里,端盖[40]安装在机壳[4]内圆两端的止口上,轴承[34]的外圈安装在端盖[40]中心位置的轴承室内,轴承[34]的内圈安装在转轴[33]的两端上,转子总成[2]安装在定子总成[1]的内圆里,励磁机[5]的转子安装在转轴[33]上,励磁机[5]的定子安装在端盖[40]上,制动器[6]安装在端盖[40]上,电压调节器[50]安装在励磁机[5]上或其它位置上,机罩[43]安装在机壳[4]的两端上,可完成整机组装。
Claims (10)
1、一种直驱式混励型风能发电机,包括定子总成[1]、转子总成[2]、机壳[4]、励磁机[5]、制动器[6]、端盖[40]、散热器[41]、旋转式机座[42]、机罩[43]及电压调节器[50]其特征在于:定子总成[1]安装在机壳[4]的内圆里,端盖[40]安装在机壳[4]内圆两端的止口上,轴承[34]的外圈安装在端盖[40]中心位置的轴承室内,轴承[34]的内圈安装在转轴[33]的两端上,转子总成[2]安装在定子总成[1]的内圆里,励磁机[5]的转子安装在转轴[33]上,励磁机[5]的定子安装在端盖[40]上,制动器[6]安装在端盖[40]上。
2、根据权利要求1所述的直驱式混励型风能发电机,其特征在于所述的定子总成[1]由定子铁芯[10]和定子绕组[14]构成,转子总成[2]由同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极[35]、转子铁芯[20]、空心的圆筒式转子芯及转子励磁绕组[25]构成。
3、根据权利要求2所述的直驱式混励型风能发电机,其特征在于所述的同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极[35]采用永久磁钢制造,在同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极[35]两侧矩形面的轴向上开有凹型键槽[36]。
4、根据权利要求2所述的直驱式混励型风能发电机,其特征在于所述的定子铁芯[10]上开有n个均匀分布的焊槽[12]和定子槽[13],定子铁芯[10]结构采用n等分的同心式定子铁芯拼装合成,同心式定子铁芯采用同心式定子冲片[11]斜槽方式叠装合成。
5、根据权利要求2所述的直驱式混励型风能发电机,其特征在于所述的转子铁芯[20]上设有n个均匀分布的转子齿[26],转子铁芯[20]上开有n个均匀分布的凹型定位槽[22]和转子槽[24],转子铁芯[20]结构采用n等分的同心式转子铁芯拼装合成,同心式转子铁芯采用同心式转子冲片[21]叠装合成。
6、根据权利要求2所述的直驱式混励型风能发电机,其特征在于所述的定子绕组[14]结构采用n个绕制在定子铁芯[10]上的独立绕组连接构成,转子励磁绕组[25]结构采用n个绕制在转子铁芯[20]上的独立励磁绕组连接构成。
7、根据权利要求2所述的直驱式混励型风能发电机,其特征在于所述的空心的圆筒式转子芯采用高强度材料制造,空心的圆筒式转子芯外圆的轴向上开有n个均匀分布的键槽[30]固定同心式转子铁芯,拼装合成转子铁芯[20]结构,空心的圆筒式转子芯两侧的端盖[3]上开有带键槽的中心轴孔[31]和开有n个通风孔[32],转轴[33]安装在带键槽的中心轴孔[31]内。
8、根据权力要求2所述的直驱式混励型风能发电机,其特征在于所述的转子铁芯[20]上开有n个均匀分布的凹型定位槽[22],在凹型定位槽[22]内侧面的轴向上设有固定同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极[35]的键条[23],将n个同心式瓦片形磁极或同心式凸梯形磁极[35]安装固定在凹型定位槽[22]内,有序排列成n对N极和S极磁极结构。
9、根据权利要求2所述的直驱式混励型风能发电机,其特征在于所述的转子铁芯[20]上设有n个均匀分布的转子齿[26],转子齿[26]上开有阻尼孔[27],阻尼导条[28]装入阻尼孔[27]内,阻尼导条的两端上安装阻尼导环[29],构成环型式阻尼绕组。
10、根据权利要求1所述的直驱式混励型风能发电机,其特征在于所述的机壳[4]外部的轴向上安装有导风管,导风管的外部安装有导风罩,构成风冷式散热器[41],旋转式机座[42]上安装有随风向摆动的旋转器,机罩[43]安装在机壳[4]的两端上。
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