CN201283168Y - 具有转台的放射治疗系统 - Google Patents

具有转台的放射治疗系统 Download PDF

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CN201283168Y
CN201283168Y CNU2008201300785U CN200820130078U CN201283168Y CN 201283168 Y CN201283168 Y CN 201283168Y CN U2008201300785 U CNU2008201300785 U CN U2008201300785U CN 200820130078 U CN200820130078 U CN 200820130078U CN 201283168 Y CN201283168 Y CN 201283168Y
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patient
radiotherapy system
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turntable
radiant flux
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摩西·艾因—高尔
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A61N5/1049—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
    • G21K1/04—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers
    • G21K1/046—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers varying the contour of the field, e.g. multileaf collimators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A61N5/1049—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam
    • A61N2005/1061—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam using an x-ray imaging system having a separate imaging source
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A61N5/1064—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for adjusting radiation treatment in response to monitoring
    • A61N5/1065—Beam adjustment
    • A61N5/1067—Beam adjustment in real time, i.e. during treatment

Abstract

一种放射治疗系统，包括：能操作使得辐射束在至少一维上成形并加以引导的准直仪；其上支承患者并适于使该患者围绕旋转轴线旋转的转台，在所述患者中具有用所述辐射束进行照射的靶；适于测量所述靶相对于所述辐射束的位置的检测器；以及适于接收来自所述检测器的靶位置数据的处理器，所述处理器与所述准直仪连通使所述准直仪以朝着靶的方向引导所述辐射束。

Description

具有转台的放射治疗系统
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及放射外科，具体而言涉及立体定向放射外科。
背景技术
立体定向放射外科在患者的靶区中提供一定剂量的辐射。该靶在多个方向上用精确准直的束照射。使用立体定向放射外科呈现组织坏死已良好确立，并且目前有各种系统用于立体定向放射外科。现有技术认识到需要尽可能地将辐射限制在待治疗的靶区。在靶区产生期望的剂量模式是考虑了所使用的具体放射外科系统限制的治疗方案的目标。
LINAC(直线加速器)扫描的典型实施涉及使LINAC机架围绕其水平轴线旋转，使束(垂直地)与检查台的竖直旋转轴线相交于等中心点(isocenter)。患者位于检查台上使得靶区也与等中心点相交。机架旋转使辐射束在围绕靶的球面上沿着弧线。沉重的旋转机架与检查台伴随着支出的增加和精确度的降低。
LINAC束扫描的另一种现有技术实施是通过使患者围绕与靶相交的竖直轴线旋转并用与该轴线成一定角度的束照射。例如，美国专利5,250,019描述了定向照射患者头部的放射治疗系统。该系统采用固定源、使患者旋转的装置和使患者的头部定位的装置。
美国专利5,250,019的系统是有缺点的，例如，用于进行调强放疗(IMRT)。例如，IMRT要求辐射束与患者的旋转轴线精确地机械耦合，并且靶相对于患者的旋转轴线是固定的。虽然所要求的精确机械耦合算是可以实现，但需要相对昂贵的子系统。固定的要求使该应用仅限于头部，由此靶的位置借助于侵入性附件相对于顶架(headframe)固定，从而仅适用于单次应用。结果，该系统不能支持进行IMRT中所要求的分次治疗(fractionated treatment)。
已知的放射治疗系统的另一个缺点是进行治疗需要防护罩。建造这种罩由于有尺寸要求是昂贵而耗时的。机架和检查台旋转导致辐射散射进入大体积，从而必须进行屏蔽。大体积防护由于成本高而妨碍了使用高质量防护材料，例如钨或铅。
发明内容
本发明意图提供在下文中更详细说明的、用于放射外科的改进设备和技术。
在本发明中，与现有技术不同，提供了一种简化的放射治疗系统，其具有使患者围绕旋转轴线转动的转台、控制辐射束位置并使该辐射束准直的检测器和处理器、以及用于辐射源和患者的辐射防护罩。还注意到美国专利5,250,019需要靶相对于辐射束固定并且还需要某种使靶相对于旋转轴线运动的装置。与现有技术不同，本发明不需要使靶相对于辐射束固定。此外，本发明不使靶相对于旋转轴线运动，相反本发明使用引导以对准靶的束并且靶中心不必与旋转轴线相交。
因此根据本发明的实施方案提供放射治疗系统，该系统包括：能操作以使辐射束在至少一维上成形并进行引导的准直仪；其上支承患者并适于使该患者围绕旋转轴线旋转的转台，所述患者中具有用所述辐射束进行照射的靶；适于测量所述靶相对于所述辐射束的位置的检测器；以及适于从所述检测器接收靶位置数据的处理器，所述处理器与所述准直仪连通，使所述准直仪引导所述辐射束至朝着所述靶的方向。
所述放射治疗系统可进一步包括发射辐射束的辐射源。所述系统可进一步包括连接在所述转台上用于固定患者的至少某部分的患者支承装置。
可提供辐射源防护罩，其以通常足以满足规定的辐射防护要求的方式至少部分包封所述辐射源。可提供患者防护罩，其以通常足以满足规定的辐射防护要求的方式至少部分地包封所述患者。
所述辐射源优选是固定的，尽管这不是必须的，并且其可容纳在，例如，LINAC的机架中。
所述转台可，例如，使患者以围绕通常竖直的旋转轴线的方位旋转。所述转台可通过致动器转动并且可安装在移动车上。
附图说明
结合附图，从以下详细描述中将更完全地理解和领会本发明，其中：
图1是根据本发明实施方案构建和操作的放射治疗系统的简化图示说明；以及
图2是图1放射治疗系统的简化图示说明，其中辐射源容纳在LINAC的机架中。
具体实施方式
现在参照图1，其说明了根据本发明的实施方案构建和操作的放射治疗系统10。
放射治疗系统10可包括发射辐射束14的固定辐射源12。尽管不是必须的，但如图2所示，辐射源12可容纳在LINAC的机架15中。在图的方向上，辐射束14通常是水平的，但应理解本发明不限于水平束。准直仪16能操作使得辐射束14在至少二维(如，方位[围绕竖直轴线]和高度[围绕垂直于图页面的轴线])上成形并进行引导。
患者18可支承在转台20上。转台20可通过适合的致动器22如步进电机等转动。转台20可安装在移动车24上。患者支承装置26可连接至转台20上并设计成保持患者18至少含有靶28的部分在照射靶28期间不动。转台20能操作使得患者18在围绕通常竖直的旋转轴线30的方位上旋转。
设置检测器32以测量靶28相对于辐射束14的位置。检测器32可以是，但不限于，感知并测量患者18(以及随着每次患者移动而一起移动的靶28)相对于辐射束14移动的加速度计。作为另一实例，靶28可通过荧光透视或其它合适的医学影像设备监测。通常，所述医学影像设备形成靶28所在区域的影像。该影像由像素组成，且现有技术中熟知通过感知显现靶的像素来测定和追踪靶28的位置。由于束位置是已知的，以这种方式可易于测量靶28相对于辐射束14的位置。
处理器34接收来自检测器32的靶位置数据。所述处理器34与准直仪16连通并可由此使准直仪16在靶方向上引导辐射束14。
辐射源防护罩36以通常足以满足规定的辐射防护要求的方式至少部分包封辐射源12。患者防护罩38以通常足以满足规定的辐射防护要求的方式至少部分包封患者18。该防护罩可用例如铅或钨构造。
“规定的辐射防护要求”的实例是联邦法规(Code of FederalRegulations)，US NRC(核管理委员会)规章第10篇，其在第36部分——辐照器的许可以及辐射安全要求中，限定了约束从NRC获得使用核材料或操作核设施许可的所有个人和组织的要求。从中引述：
“§36.25防护。
(a)当源暴露时，在距离室壁30厘米以上的任何位置处，在全像辐照器(panoramic irradiator)的运行期间通常被占据的区域中辐射剂量率不可超过每小时0.02毫西弗特(2毫雷姆)。在线性尺寸没有超过20厘米的、不超过100平方厘米的区域上，剂量率必须平均。辐射剂量率超过每小时0.02毫西弗特(2毫雷姆)的区域必须被封锁，隔开，或标明。”
在操作中，患者18站在转台20上且可任选通过患者支承装置26支持。靶位置通过任何合适的方法确定，如计算机断层成像或其它医学影像技术。处理器34可处理靶位置的信息并将该信息传递至准直仪16，所述准直仪16引导辐射束14至靶方向上。通过处理器34处理的位置信息也可用于定位移动车24和/或转台20(具有适合的移动器或致动器)，以对患者18和靶28相对于辐射束14的位置提供粗调和细调。以这种方式，例如，该位置信息可用于使靶28与辐射束14对准，使得靶28位于等中心点，即，辐射束14与竖直旋转轴线30的交点。然后用一定剂量的辐射在第一方向上照射靶28。转台20可在辐射源12保持固定的情况下转动任何期望的方位角以在其它角度处进行后续照射。
注意本发明不要求靶28相对于辐射束14固定。尽管靶28可调节至等中心点处，即，辐射束14与竖直旋转轴线30的交点，然而这对于本发明不是必要的。相反本发明的系统不需要靶28相对于旋转轴线30移动，因为准直仪16使用引导以将束14对准靶28的束，并且靶中心不必与旋转轴线30相交。
本领域的人员将领会本发明不限于以上的具体展示和说明。相反，本发明的范围包括上述不同特征的组合和子组合，以及本领域的技术人员在阅读上述说明后将想到的、现有技术中没有的其变化和改进。

Claims (10)

1.一种放射治疗系统，其特征在于，包括：
能操作使得辐射束在至少二维上成形并加以引导的准直仪；
其上支承患者并适于使该患者围绕旋转轴线旋转的转台，在所述患者中具有用所述辐射束进行照射的靶；
适于测量所述靶相对于所述辐射束的位置的检测器；以及
适于接收来自所述检测器的靶位置数据的处理器，所述处理器与所述准直仪连通使所述准直仪以朝着所述靶的方向引导所述辐射束。
2.根据权利要求1的放射治疗系统，其特征在于，进一步包括发射辐射束的辐射源。
3.根据权利要求1的放射治疗系统，其特征在于，进一步包括连接于所述转台以固定患者的至少一部分的患者支承装置。
4.根据权利要求1的放射治疗系统，其特征在于，进一步包括辐射源防护罩，该辐射源防护罩以通常足以满足规定的辐射防护要求的方式至少部分包封所述辐射源。
5.根据权利要求1的放射治疗系统，其特征在于，进一步包括患者防护罩，该患者防护罩以通常足以满足规定的辐射防护要求的方式至少部分包封所述患者。
6.根据权利要求2的放射治疗系统，其特征在于，所述辐射源是固定的。
7.根据权利要求2的放射治疗系统，其特征在于，所述辐射源容纳在直线加速器的机架中。
8.根据权利要求1的放射治疗系统，其特征在于，所述转台适于使患者在围绕通常竖直的旋转轴线的方位上旋转。
9.根据权利要求1的放射治疗系统，其特征在于，所述转台通过致动器转动。
10.根据权利要求1的放射治疗系统，其特征在于，所述转台安装在移动车上。
CNU2008201300785U 2007-09-18 2008-09-18 具有转台的放射治疗系统 Expired - Lifetime CN201283168Y (zh)

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