CN201218789Y - 一种手持式定压土壤压实度测量装置 - Google Patents
一种手持式定压土壤压实度测量装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型提供一种手持式定压土壤压实度测量装置,采用手柄(1)、弹簧(2)、圆柱筒(3)、阻力杆(4)和圆锥头(5)结构,通过压缩弹簧(2)利用冲击原理来测量土壤压实度,真实反映土壤特性。为保证冲击杆(4)与所测土壤表面垂直,采用三角支架(6)进行平衡,满足测量精度要求。本实用新型结构简单、调整方便、可靠性好,并且成本低,机械设计坚固耐用。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种农田土壤物理性质测量设备,特别是一种用于手持的定压土壤压实度测量装置。
背景技术
在农业生产过程中,土壤不仅对植物的生长提供物理支撑,也是植物生长的营养库。土壤压实是农业中的一般现象,压实土壤的土壤颗粒之间的小孔会丢失,从而引起空气与水不能自由流通。使用农业机械进行田间管理作业或种床准备时,轮子会对土壤产生压实作用。土壤压实度不仅与种子的发芽破土率与植物的根系发育状况密切相关,同时也直接影响着土壤水分的运移过程。适当程度的土壤压实能促植物根系生长,有利于根系从土壤中吸收水分和养分,从而满足作物良好生长发育的需要。如使种籽与土壤充分接触,利于发芽,还具有保墒作用。
传统的土壤压实度的测量方法有:采用多道面波分析的方法、采用测量土壤紧实度的方法、采用测量土壤容重的方法、采用测量土壤孔隙度的方法等。这些方法测量土壤压实度存在不足。多道面波分析测量法需要用气枪震源对土壤进行多次的炮击,对土壤的损伤破坏比较严重,且费时费工;土壤紧实度测量法受土壤水分含量的影响比较大,而且测量时测量结果受人为因素影响较大;容重测量法采取土壤样品时,需要熟练的手工操作取土,测量方法复杂,耗费时间较长;孔隙度测量法主要是利用经验公式来推算,很难直接用仪器测出土壤的孔隙度,推算出的数据精确度不高;测得的土壤压实结果比较粗糙,结果的重复应用性较差。
现有的土壤压实测量方法和装置主要是测量土壤的压实度、容重、孔隙度。由于土壤本身的物理性质受外界条件的影响较大,大多数测量装置只能对土壤的压实程度做粗略的测量,测量精度比较低,而且测量时多数需依靠人工操作来完成,过程较复杂。
发明内容
本实用新型的目的是提供一种手持式定压土壤压实度测量装置,基于冲击原理由弹簧、手柄、阻力杆、圆锥头、圆柱筒和支架组成,结构简单、操作方便,有效克服现行土壤压实测量方法采用人为手动装置的静载式复杂测量过程。
本实用新型的具体方案是:一种手持式定压土壤压实度测量装置,是由手柄、弹簧、圆柱筒、阻力杆、圆锥头和支架构成,其中,圆柱筒内装有弹簧,弹簧上端与手柄弹性连接,弹簧下端则与阻力杆顶端弹性连接,阻力杆末端固定有刻度的圆锥头,以便在测量过程中很快地读出冲击杆冲入土壤的深度。圆柱筒筒壁两边各开两个竖槽,并分别在竖槽上开三个两边相互对应等距的横槽,可以准确地显示弹簧的压缩长度。圆柱筒下部连接有三角支架,其等距支脚都是由小圆板和小圆锥头组成。
工作原理:
测量时,通过支架固定在所测点的地面上,先使弹簧压缩到一定的刻度,然后用一只手握着圆柱筒,保持测量装置的平衡,另一只手转动手柄,使弹簧自由回弹,由于弹簧弹力的作用使带有圆锥头的阻力杆进入土壤中。此时在阻力杆的刻度上读出刻度值,进而测得圆锥头进入土壤的深度,根据弹簧的压缩量和测量装置的尺寸,利用冲击原理算出土壤对圆锥头的阻力,然后,根据能量法求出该点土壤的压实度。
本实用新型通过压缩弹簧利用冲击原理来测量土壤压实度的,测量的条件是客观确定,不受人为影响,因而测量结果能够真实反映土壤特性。为保证冲击杆与所测土壤表面垂直,本实用新型采用三角支架进行平衡。每个支脚上都有一个小圆板和小圆锥头,小圆锥头可以楔入土壤中,而小圆板不能楔入土壤,从而保证了测量装置的平衡,使测头垂直进入土壤的测量表面,满足测量精度要求,本实用新型结构简单、调整方便、可靠性好,测量结果能满足土壤压实研究的需要,并且成本低,机械设计坚固耐用。
附图说明
图1是本实用新型的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
一种手持式定压土壤压实度测量装置,是由手柄(1)、弹簧(2)、圆柱筒(3)、阻力杆(4)、圆锥头(5)和支架(6)构成。其中,钢制圆柱筒(3)内腔装有弹簧(2),选用圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧。弹簧(2)上部与手柄(1)弹性连接,弹簧(2)下端则与阻力杆(4)顶端弹性连接,阻力杆(4)末端通过螺纹固定有刻度的圆锥头(5),以便在测量过程中很快地读出冲击杆(4)冲入土壤的深度。分别在钢制圆柱筒(3)筒壁的两边各开两个竖槽,并分别在竖槽上开三个两边相互对应的等距横槽,从而准确显示弹簧(2)的压缩长度。两圆柱筒(3)下部连接有三角支架(6),其等距支脚都是由小圆板和小圆锥头组成。
Claims (3)
1、一种手持式定压土壤压实度测量装置,其特征在于:是由手柄(1)、弹簧(2)、圆柱筒(3)、阻力杆(4)、圆锥头(5)和支架(6)构成,其中,圆柱筒(3)内腔装有弹簧(2),弹簧(2)上部与手柄(1)相连,弹簧(2)下端则与阻力杆(4)顶端相连,阻力杆(4)末端固定有刻度的圆锥头(5),圆柱筒(3)下部连接有支架(6)。
2、根据权利要求1所述的手持式定压土壤压实度测量装置,其特征在于:圆柱筒(3)筒壁两边各开两个竖槽,并分别在竖槽上开三个两边相互对应等距的横槽。
3、根据权利要求1所述的手持式定压土壤压实度测量装置,其特征在于:支架(6)为三角支架,其等距支脚都是由小圆板和小圆锥头组成。
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