CN201213356Y

CN201213356Y - Single cantilever ditcher

Info

Publication number: CN201213356Y
Application number: CNU2008200359832U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 葛玉明; 葛伟岸
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-05-26
Filing date: 2008-05-26
Publication date: 2009-04-01
Anticipated expiration: 2018-05-26

Abstract

The utility model discloses a single-cantilever furrowing machine, which comprises a cutter head shaft and a cutter head of a cutter head device. The machine is characterized in that a section where the cutter head shaft is matched with a cutter head shaft hole is divided into a cutter head assembling section and a cutter head positioning section from inside to outside; the cutter head assembling section is a cylinder or a truncated cone; the cutter head positioning section is a prism; corresponding to the cutter head assembling section and the cutter head positioning section of the cutter head shaft, the cutter head shaft hole is divided into a cutter head assembling hole and a cutter head positioning hole; the cutter head assembling hole is an inner cylinder hole or an inner truncated cone hole; and the cutter head positioning hole is an inner prism hole. The technical proposal adopted by the cutter head device of the single-cantilever furrowing machine solves the problems existing in the prior art for a long time that single-bond and spline cutter head devices are troublesome to detach, and the cutter head is easy to reversely install, inconvenient to use and easy to damage.

Description

The single-cantilever ditching machine

Technical field

The utility model belongs to the field furrower of agricultural mechanical field, relates to a kind of single-cantilever ditching machine specifically.

Background technology

China's utility model patent " field furrower " (Granted publication number: CN2375068Y, the patent No.: 99228497) disclose a kind of single swing arm type field furrower, now be widely used.Owing to be a kind of and walking tractor matching, be arranged at the procephalic ditching machine of tractor.During trench digging, the cutterhead of ditching machine will be fallen into certain depth in the soil, so the hand tractor front portion is downward-sloping, if but gradient is excessive, and the lubricating oil that is unfavorable for horizontal cylinder diesel engine is for reaching and making cooling water excessive, and the user also is not easy to operation.In order to reduce the labour intensity of user's lifting ditching machine, guarantee the normal operation of diesel engine, therefore, when non-trench digging duty, it is unsuitable high that the cutterhead of ditching machine is liftoff.For this reason, when ditching machine finished to shift field piece walking at trench digging, the user will usually pull down cutterhead so that cross higher ridge or go up bridge, descending.The cooperating of hole on the cutter axis of existing ditching machine and the cutterhead be to transmit moment of torsion with a common singly-bound or spline, there is following shortcoming in this structure: though the cutterhead dismounting of 1 two this single-cantilever ditching machines of cantilever ditching machine is comparatively convenient, cutterhead disassembles still comparatively difficulty from cutter axis.No matter be single key or spline, generally with milling cutter processing, the surface ratio of keyway is more crude for the keyway on the cutter axis, and the depth of parallelism of keyway and axle and the precision of groove width are also lower.Because cutterhead is to rotate in muddy water, very easily get rusty and enter earth impurity in the fit clearance place again, and the stack of these unfavorable factors makes cutterhead just be difficult to dismantle from cutter axis after work a period of time.When needs were crossed over higher Xu Geng, depression, the peasant still have to pull down whole ditching machine from tractor, waste time and energy.Trench digging period is busy farming season just, how to make the cutterhead dismounting more convenient quick, is the realistic problem that users earnestly hope solution.2, cutterhead is easily adorned in the other direction.Interior radial dimension and the shape of the axle of prior art and the cooperation section of axis hole is consistent, hole on the cutterhead is positive and negative can the assembling no matter, be easy to cause the error of reverse assembling in hasty when the busy farming season, if cutterhead is adorned anti-, will cause the back side of cutter and soil cutting to make load very big so that the problem that can't ditch.3, poor reliability.The first, if the keyway gap of singly-bound axle is fragile greatly; The second, the singly-bound axle will have a key, and equally with splined shaft also needs a plain cushion to be pressed in the outside of cutterhead simultaneously, these two part volumes are all very little, mix with earth after dropping to ground, lose in field demolition, installation process easily, influence is used and is affected adversely farming season.

The utility model content

Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is, overcomes the technological deficiency that prior art exists, and provides that a kind of cutterhead is for convenience detach, can not adorn single-cantilever ditching machine anti-, good reliability during assembling.

One of the technical solution of the utility model is: the single-cantilever ditching machine, the cutter axis and the cutterhead that comprise cutter head, cutter axis is at the section that cooperates with the cutterhead axis hole, the cutterhead positioning section two parts that are divided into cutterhead load segment and transmission moment of torsion from inside to outside, the cutterhead load segment is a cylinder, and the cutterhead positioning section is a prism; Corresponding with the cutterhead load segment and the cutterhead positioning section of cutter axis, the cutterhead axis hole also is divided into cutterhead pilot hole and cutterhead locating hole, and the cutterhead pilot hole is interior cylindrical hole, and the cutterhead locating hole is interior prismatic hole.

Two of technical solutions of the utility model are optimal design of one of technical scheme, and the cutterhead load segment of cutter axis is divided into truncated cone (being Rotary-table) section and shell portion from inside to outside; Corresponding, truncated cones body opening and interior cylindrical hole in the cutterhead pilot hole of cutterhead axis hole also correspondingly is divided into successively.Such structure more helps the dismounting of cutterhead.

The tapering of described truncated cone section and interior truncated cones body opening is 1:5～1:3.

Can also derive the organization plan that the whole cutterhead load segment car of cutter axis is become truncated cone, the cutterhead pilot hole of cutterhead axis hole also is corresponding interior truncated cones body opening.Dismounting, the assembling of more convenient cutterhead of this scheme and axle also help improving a cutterhead and concentricity, a perpendicularity of assembling.Described cutterhead load segment and cutterhead positioning section length ratio are 3～4:1.

Three of the technical solution of the utility model is: described cutterhead positioning section is a threaded post, and the cutterhead locating hole should be internal thread hole with it relatively.The contrary direction of the direction of rotation the when screw thread of cutterhead positioning section and cutterhead locating hole screws direction and cutterhead work in the same way.When being cutterhead work, the rotation of cutterhead can make the assembling of cutterhead and cutter axis revolve tighter and tighter.The cutterhead load segment of described cutter axis and cutterhead positioning section length ratio are 1:2～3.Can offer screw 11 at the positioning section 5 of cutter axis, correspondence position is offered pin shaft hole 12 on the cutterhead locating hole; Bearing pin passes pin shaft hole (12) and screws tight on screw 11, with fixation cutter head.

The utility model single-cantilever ditching machine, the technical scheme that its cutter head adopted have solved the long-standing singly-bound of prior art and spline cutter head dismounting effort, cutterhead can be adorned anti-bad use and flimsy shortcoming.The utility model is simple in structure, is easy to processing, and the dismounting assembling is very convenient, fast, reliable.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1, be the cutter axis schematic diagram of first kind of technical scheme of the present utility model;

Fig. 2, be the cutterhead axis hole schematic diagram of first kind of technical scheme of the present utility model, the shape in hole is corresponding with the planform of Fig. 1 cutter axis;

Fig. 3, be the left view of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4, be the cutter axis structural representation of second kind of technical scheme of the utility model, the inboard a bit of of cutter axis load segment is truncated cone;

Fig. 5, be the structural representation with the corresponding cutterhead axis hole of Fig. 4 cutter axis;

Fig. 6, for the cutterhead load segment total length of cutter axis be the cutter axis structural representation of truncated cone;

Fig. 7, be the structural representation with the corresponding cutterhead axis hole of Fig. 6 cutter axis;

Fig. 8, be the right view of (the cutterhead positioning section is six prisms) of cutter axis;

Fig. 9, be the right view of (the cutterhead positioning section is a triangular prism) of cutter axis;

Figure 10, be the right view of (positioning section is a cydariform section prism) of cutter axis;

Figure 11, be the assembly relation schematic diagram (the cutterhead positioning section is a threaded post, and the cutterhead locating hole is an internal thread hole) of cutter axis and cutterhead;

Figure 12, be the structural representation of the cutter axis that from Figure 11, decomposes.

Figure 13, be the structural representation of the cutterhead axis hole that from Figure 11, decomposes.

Embodiment

Now in conjunction with the embodiments the utility model is described in further detail.

Embodiment 1 is shown in Fig. 1,2 and 3.The single-cantilever ditching machine comprises the cutter axis 1 and the cutterhead 2 of cutter head, and cutter axis is divided into cutterhead load segment 4 and cutterhead positioning section 5 two parts from inside to outside at the section 3 that cooperates with the cutterhead axis hole, and outermost end is a spiro rod section 6.Cutterhead load segment and cutterhead positioning section length ratio are 4: 1.The cutterhead positioning section is a four prisms cylinder; Corresponding with the cutterhead load segment and the cutterhead positioning section of cutter axis, the cutterhead axis hole also is divided into 8 two sections of cutterhead pilot hole 7 and cutterhead locating holes, and the cutterhead pilot hole is interior cylindrical hole, and the cutterhead locating hole is interior quadrangular hole.Coupling gap each other is bigger, to make things convenient for demolition, installation.Owing to the restriction of prismatic column alignment features is arranged, makes the correct assembling of cutterhead total energy.During assembling, the axis hole of cutterhead is assembled to cutterhead load segment 4 and cutterhead positioning section 5, the spiro rod section at cutter axis screws on nut then, gets final product fixation cutter head behind the nut screwing clamping.Cutter axis among Fig. 8 also can not established spiro rod section 6, opens screw 10 in the outer end of cutter axis, fixes cutterhead with pad and nut bolt.

Fig. 4 is the optimisation technique scheme of first kind of structure, it is characterized in that: the most inboard (left side section among the figure) of cutterhead load segment 4 is a bit of truncated cone 9, and the tapering of truncated cone (K value) is got 1:5,3～6 millimeters of the length of truncated cone; The remainder of cutterhead load segment 4 is a cylinder.Fig. 5 is the planform with the corresponding cutterhead axis hole of Fig. 4, among the figure, and the 10th, interior truncated cones body opening.The location structure of cutter axis and cutterhead axis hole is seen Fig. 3, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10; Can be hexagonal section, also can be the cross section of triangle or other shape, and the cutterhead locating hole of cutterhead axis hole is also made the shape and the fit dimension of phase coupling.

Figure 11 has provided the embodiment of the third technical scheme, and this is the technical scheme in order to realize same purpose (be convenient to dismounting, prevent that dress is anti-) and also to have same thought.Comprise the cutter head that cutter axis 1 and cutterhead 2 are formed among Figure 11.Figure 12 is according to decomposing cutter axis 1 schematic diagram that draws among Figure 11, cutter axis is divided into cutterhead load segment 4 and cutterhead positioning section 5 two parts from inside to outside at the section 3 that cooperates with the cutterhead axis hole, outermost end is a spiro rod section 6, and the cutterhead positioning section 5 of cutterhead is the threaded post of the trapezoidal thread of coarse pitch.Cutterhead load segment 4 is 1:1～2 with the length ratio of cutterhead positioning section 5.Figure 13 is the cutter axis pore structure schematic diagram that decomposites from Figure 11, and among the figure, the cutterhead pilot hole 7 in the cutterhead axis hole is cylindrical, and cutterhead locating hole 8 is the internal thread hole of the trapezoidal thread of coarse pitch.The contrary direction of the direction of rotation during the screwing direction and work with cutterhead of cutterhead positioning section 5 and cutterhead locating hole 8 in the same way.Be cutterhead when work, the rotation of cutterhead only can make the assembling of cutterhead and cutter axis screw and can not get loose, but too screws for preventing, can adopt coarse pitches such as pair screw threads.

The utility model has at first solved the problem of the inconvenient dismounting of the long-standing cutterhead of prior art.

Why the problem that cutter-head of machine for making furrows is inconvenient to dismantle never solves for a long time, mainly be not recognize the uniqueness that this agricultural machinery of ditching machine is had when using and the particularity of its operation operating mode difference, can not can solve with the mentality of designing of routine and common frame for movement.Its reason is: the first, and the two side of keyway and key is crude.Owing to limited cheaply by agricultural machinery, key and groove on the cutter axis are generally processed with milling cutter, can not adopt fine grinding technology, the two side surface ratio of spline and keyway is more crude, cutter axis trepanning keyway is poor with the axially parallel degree of axle, angular distribution inaccuracy between each key of axle upper spline, this has just fundamentally produced the big reason of dismounting resistance; The second, high because the cutterhead load is big to concentricity, the perpendicularity requirement of cutterhead assembling, so fit clearance also should not be loose excessively, can't be protected with the class methods of lubricating oil again; The 3rd, operating mode is abominable.Owing to be the parts that expose, directly contact with muddy water, very easily get rusty and enter impurity.The 4th, the peasant is at the simple and crude specific purpose tool that lacks dismounting again of field trench digging condition, the stack of these unfavorable factors so that the demolition, installation difficulty of cutterhead.For the existing special problem that factor caused on these cutter-head of machine for making furrows, can't go to solve with the technical scheme on the conventional mechanical.

The utility model does not adopt the conventional key and the structure of keyway to transmit moment of torsion, has avoided the spline on the axle and the axis hole internal keyway is coarse and the angle inaccuracy distributes, axially parallel degree difference and make the cutterhead assembling, the big defective of axial rub resistance when dismantling.Load segment is divided into two sections with the function of transmitting moment of torsion to be handled.Cutter axis is circular with the main part that cooperates of cutterhead axis hole load segment, and circular shaft can adopt car, mill simple process just can obtain than high dimension precision and lower surface roughness with the processing of axis hole, tolerance guarantees easily, therefore can make cutter axis and cutterhead axis hole that a stable fit clearance is arranged under mass production environment, do not have again that the key and the keyway depth of parallelism are poor, the coarse problem of splined shaft angle, stopped to cross the generation of tight fit phenomenon, the axial dismounting resistance of cutter axis and axis hole is reduced, be convenient to assembling, dismounting.In one of technical scheme, because the axial length relatively main effect of short cutterhead positioning section 5 only is to transmit moment of torsion, do not bear and guarantee cutterhead and the concentricity of axle and the function of perpendicularity, so fit clearance can suitably be amplified, gap in the present embodiment is 1～2 millimeter, and big like this gap makes cutterhead 2 that the windup-degree of 3～5 degree be arranged on axle 1.The secret of this embodiment through repeatedly ditching in the field for a long time facts have proved, during the cutterhead dismounting, unclamp nut, as long as hand is caught the cylindrical of cutterhead, utilize the positioning section fit clearance bigger, the condition that a FREE TORSION angle is arranged, adopt the method for reversed torsion just can make cutterhead and axle loosening, cooperate certain outside pulling force, cutterhead outwards can be moved, when cutterhead is outwards pulled out a bit of distance, break away from length behind 8～9 millimeters cutterhead positioning sections 5, can also adopt by a relatively large margin that the method for reversed torsion cutterhead unloads cutterhead, removal tool special such as not need to grasp, so that the dismounting of cutterhead is more convenient with assembling.

Fig. 4, Fig. 5 are the structural representations of second kind of technical scheme embodiment, in present embodiment Fig. 4, axle and a bit of (grow 5 millimeter) of axis hole load segment inboard have the truncated cone 9 of a 1:5 tapering, remaining columniform load segment fit clearance is amplified to 0.2 millimeter, because truncated cones body opening 10 has the characteristic of automatic capturing in cutter axis truncated cone 9 and the cutterhead axis hole, even fit clearance is big, do not influence concentricity and perpendicularity that cutterhead assembles on cutter axis yet.Load segment 4 total lengths are the truncated cone shape among Fig. 6, and its dismounting is more convenient, and concentricity that cutterhead assembles on cutter axis and perpendicularity are also better.

Figure 11 is three an embodiment schematic diagram of technical scheme, its main points also are to be divided into cutterhead and cooperating of axis hole load segment and two functional sections of positioning section, what be different from technical scheme one and technical scheme two is: cutterhead positioning section 5 adopts thread to transmit moment of torsion, Figure 12 is the structural representation that decomposes the cutter axis that comes out from Figure 11, cutterhead positioning section 5 is the threaded post of trapezoidal thread among the figure, and the planform of cutterhead axis hole is corresponding with the planform of Figure 12 cutter axis among Figure 13.As long as rotary head can tighten, cutterhead only can screw during trench digging during assembling, can be from the loosening slippage of axle.Also can on screw rod 6, add a plain nut in addition and be locked, safety is improved.Also can offer screw 11 at the positioning section 5 of cutter axis, correspondence position is offered pin shaft hole 12 on the cutterhead locating hole; Bearing pin passes pin shaft hole (12) and screws tight on screw 11, with fixation cutter head.Can dispense the screw rod 6 of cutter axis outermost end this moment.As long as engine misses are caught cutterhead cylindrical backward rotation, can easily unload cutterhead during dismounting.

The utility model has at first solved the major issue of long-standing singly-bound of prior art and spline cutter head dismounting effort.Because the ditching machine of prior art is a kind of single swing arm type structure, the original intention of its design is exactly in order to make cutterhead have dismountable condition, with convenient for assembly, transportation with use, but because its special requirement of architectural feature incompatibility of cutter axis and cutterhead axle sleeve makes cutterhead still comparatively difficult from the cutter axis dismounting.The technical solution of the utility model has solved this difficult problem, has given full play of the advantage of single swing arm type structure.Secondly also because cutter axis and axis hole are into the structure that stairstepping changes, cutterhead can only assembled orientation, has thoroughly eliminated cutterhead and can adorn anti-bad use and flimsy shortcoming.The 3rd, cancelled the needed little key of singly-bound axle scheme, the plain cushion that compresses cutterhead that does not also need singly-bound axle and splined shaft all to need, the also problem that influence is used because these findings lose with regard to not existing.The 4th, polygonal structure torsional strength is good, is not easy to damage, and reliability is significantly improved.The 5th, the prismatic hole of the polygon of the positioning section in the cutterhead axis hole outside can be finished with simple punching process, has saved cost.

Claims

1, a kind of single-cantilever ditching machine, the cutter axis (1) and the cutterhead (2) that comprise cutter head, it is characterized in that: cutter axis is divided into cutterhead load segment (4) and cutterhead positioning section (5) two parts from inside to outside at the section (3) that cooperates with the cutterhead axis hole, cutterhead load segment (4) is a cylinder, and cutterhead positioning section (5) is a prism; Corresponding with the cutterhead load segment and the cutterhead positioning section of cutter axis, the cutterhead axis hole is divided into cutterhead pilot hole (7) and cutterhead locating hole (8), and the cutterhead pilot hole is interior cylindrical hole, and the cutterhead locating hole is interior prismatic hole.

2, single-cantilever ditching machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described cutterhead load segment (4) is divided into truncated cone section (9) and shell portion from inside to outside; Corresponding, truncated cones body opening (10) and interior cylindrical hole in the cutterhead pilot hole of cutterhead axis hole also correspondingly is divided into successively.

3, single-cantilever ditching machine according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the tapering of described truncated cone section (9) and interior truncated cones body opening (10) is 1:5～1:3.

4, according to the described single-cantilever ditching machine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cutterhead load segment (4) is truncated cone, and described cutterhead pilot hole (7) should be interior truncated cones body opening mutually.

5, according to the described single-cantilever ditching machine of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described cutterhead load segment and cutterhead positioning section length ratio are 3～4:1.

6, according to the described single-cantilever ditching machine of one of claim 1～5, it is characterized in that: described cutterhead positioning section (5) is threaded post, and cutterhead locating hole (8) should be internal thread hole with it relatively.

7, according to the described single-cantilever ditching machine of claim 6, it is characterized in that: the contrary direction of the direction of rotation the when screw thread of described cutterhead positioning section (5) and cutterhead locating hole (8) screws direction and cutterhead work in the same way.

8, single-cantilever ditching machine according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the cutterhead load segment of described cutter axis and cutterhead positioning section length ratio are 1:2～3.

9, single-cantilever ditching machine according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the positioning section of described cutter axis (5) is provided with screw (11), and correspondence position is offered pin shaft hole (12) on the cutterhead locating hole; Bearing pin passes pin shaft hole (12) and screws tight on screw (11), with fixation cutter head.