Background technology
In electric power system, single-phase earthing is the major failure form of operation of power networks, accounts for more than 60% of full electric network total failare, and quite a few phase fault is to be developed by single phase ground fault.The reliable degree of electric power system under the identical situation of other conditions, only depends on the working method of electric power system neutral point.The earthing mode of research electric power system neutral point mainly is correctly to be familiar with and to handle the single phase ground fault problem that this is seen at most.
The type of single phase ground fault can be divided into: arc grounding, high resistance ground and metal ground connection.According to the statistics of electric power system, the single phase ground fault of the overwhelming majority is arc grounding and high resistance ground.The harm maximum of single-phase arc grounding, mainly adopt the operational mode of isolated neutral at 6~66kV medium voltage network, cableization along with more and more distribution lines, earthing capacitance current also strengthens thereupon, and in a single day arc grounding produces, and can't extinguish automatically, can produce very high intermittent arc overvoltage, the insulation safety of harm electric equipment tends to develop into phase fault, even causes the ill effect of " baked wheaten cake is operated " in cable line.Except mechanical injuries, circuit mostly has ageing of insulation or the impaired process that insulate before the arc grounding fault takes place, then present the high resistance ground state in this process.
High resistance ground is one of modal fault in the single-phase earthing; extension as the branch in the overhead transmission line bumps, the cable insulation in the broken string, cable line makes moist, aging or the like; all present the feature of high resistance ground; its earth resistance excursion is big, unstable; malfunction is the most complicated, after earth resistance arrives to a certain degree greatly (as>1.5k Ω), fault signature is different from common feature; and fault message is very faint, so that become a difficult problem in protection and the route selection.So; when high resistance earthing fault takes place owing to report is arranged during the accident that protection malfunction or tripping cause: breaking to fall as transmission line causes loss of life or personal injury in cement flooring protection tripping, and broken string falls to protect tripping in the mountain and forest region and cause that fire, cable blow out or the like.Most protection product all exists erroneous judgement, malfunction or tripping to high resistance earthing protecting, and its reason is except fault message is faint, and main is the mistaken ideas that exist on the understanding.Because the voltage analysis during usually to isolated neutral system generation single-phase earthing all is to analyze by typical metal ground connection, this moment, the ground connection phase voltage was zero, the non-phase voltage that connects is upgraded to line voltage, and neutral point excursion is to earth point, and residual voltage equals the phase voltage before the opposite fault of direction.So that produce a kind of generally conclusion of approval: ground connection is the minimum phase of amplitude in the three-phase voltage mutually, the overwhelming majority is that the earth fault protection product of criterion also all is to differentiate the ground connection phase by this conclusion with voltage.In fact this is correct in the scope of earth resistance less than certain critical value, and when earth resistance during greater than this critical value, this conclusion is wrong.In other words, in the scope of high resistance ground, arrive to a certain degree when earth resistance is big, ground connection is not the minimum phase of voltage magnitude mutually.Defend tenaciously aforementioned conclusion, must cause erroneous judgement, the malfunction protected in the high resistance earthing fault.In addition, be the earth fault protection product of criterion with the electric current, zero-sequence current is very little during owing to high resistance ground, and tripping; The route selection product also therefore and can't route selection.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is not comprehensive at existing single phase ground fault method of discrimination; there are mistaken ideas; easily cause the erroneous judgement of high resistance earthing fault or fail to judge and the protection problem of eliminating fault can't be provided, design a kind of comprehensive differentiation and protective device at single phase ground fault.
The technical solution of the utility model is:
A kind of neutral non-effective grounding electrical network is eliminated the protective device of single phase ground fault, it is characterized in that it is mainly by four single-phase high voltage switch ZA, ZB, ZC, ZD, reactor L, current transformer CT, gathering the voltage transformer TV and the microcomputerized controller of three-phase voltage and residual voltage forms, the three-phase power line of system busbar respectively with three single-phase high voltage switches often open main contacts ZA1, ZB1, the upper contact head of ZC1 is corresponding to link to each other, three single-phase high voltage switches often open main contacts ZA1, ZB1, after interconnecting, the following contact of ZC1 links to each other with the end of reactor L, the other end of reactor L passes ground connection behind the winding of current transformer CT, and the secondary winding of current transformer CT connects the analog quantity input of microcomputerized controller; The main contacts of often opening of another single-phase high voltage switch ZD1 is attempted by the centre tap of reactor L and also between the contact of the following contact of often opening main contacts ZA1, ZB1, ZC1 of three single-phase high voltage switches, the line bag ZA of four single-phase high voltage switches, ZB, ZC, ZD connect micro-processor controlled corresponding output respectively, and the voltage transformer TV that gathers three-phase voltage and residual voltage is connected between the correspondence sampling input of system busbar three-phase power line and microcomputerized controller; Described microcomputerized controller is by comprising single-chip microcomputer 1, sampling filter circuit 2, photoelectric isolating circuit 3, relay output circuit 4 and switching value input circuit 5, the input of sampling filter circuit 2 and voltage sampling circuit 6 and current sampling circuit 7, its output links to each other with the corresponding input of single-chip microcomputer 1, the output of switching value input circuit 5 links to each other with single-chip microcomputer 1 corresponding input end by photoelectric isolating circuit 3, the input of single-chip microcomputer 1 links to each other with the input of relay output circuit 4 by photoelectric isolating circuit 3, relay output circuit 4 respectively with four corresponding single-phase high voltage switch ZA, ZB, ZC, ZD links to each other.Described voltage transformer TV is the voltage transformer of an employing three-phase and five-pole connection, one end of a winding of its three-phase adopts wye connection to be connected between three-phase power line and the ground, three windings in six secondary winding of voltage transformer TV adopt wye connection to be connected between the phase voltage sampling input and ground of microcomputerized controller, other three secondary winding adopt open-delta connection to be connected between the residual voltage input and ground of microcomputerized controller, between the control output end of microcomputerized controller and power supply, be connected to harmonic elimination relay line bag JX, be connected across the winding opening part that adopts open-delta connection among the voltage transformer TV behind the normally opened contact JX1 serial connection harmonic elimination resistance R X of harmonic elimination relay.
Described single-chip microcomputer 1 also is connected with keyboard 8 and display 9.
The beneficial effects of the utility model:
The utility model has disclosed the rule of isolated neutral system single phase ground fault; various features and the differentiation and the protection guard method of high resistance earthing fault have been found out; no matter how earth resistance and fault signature change, and can both accurately differentiate fault and fault mutually, implement effectively protection.
The utility model has been realized the isolated neutral system single phase ground fault is implemented FR effective protection, especially can differentiate the small-signal that is difficult to discover high resistance earthing fault, and fault is eliminated in bud.
The utility model is by micro-processor controlled comprehensive protector, and both kept the advantage of isolated neutral mode: earth current is little, the power supply reliability height, and the single-phase earthing electric arc that has remedied earth-free mode is again easily restriked, shortcomings such as internal overvoltage multiple height; Especially in protection, has distinctive feature to high resistance earthing fault.It is than direct ground connection; the big electric current earthing mode of low resistance grounding utilizes the ground network of transformer station safer; its arc performance and more effective to arc overvoltage and the superpotential restriction ratio arc suppression coil of resonance; and it is simple and reliable for structure; floor space is little; integrated cost is low, is a kind of earth protective device that is worthy of popularization.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3.
A kind of neutral non-effective grounding electrical network is eliminated the differentiation and the protective device of single-phase high resistance earthing fault, mainly by four single-phase high voltage switch ZA, ZB, ZC, ZD, reactor L, current transformer CT, gathering the voltage transformer TV and the microcomputerized controller of three-phase voltage and residual voltage forms, the three-phase power line of system busbar respectively with three single-phase high voltage switches often open main contacts ZA1, ZB1, the upper contact head of ZC1 is corresponding to link to each other, three single-phase high voltage switches often open main contacts ZA1, ZB1, after interconnecting, the following contact of ZC1 links to each other with the end of reactor L, the other end of reactor L passes ground connection behind the winding of current transformer CT, and the secondary winding of current transformer CT connects the analog quantity input of microcomputerized controller; The main contacts of often opening of another single-phase high voltage switch ZD1 is attempted by the centre tap of reactor L and also between the contact of the following contact of often opening main contacts ZA1, ZB1, ZC1 of three single-phase high voltage switches, the line bag ZA of four single-phase high voltage switches, ZB, ZC, ZD connect micro-processor controlled corresponding output respectively, and the voltage transformer TV that gathers three-phase voltage and residual voltage is connected between the correspondence sampling input of system busbar three-phase power line and microcomputerized controller; Described microcomputerized controller (as shown in Figure 3) is by comprising that (model can be single-chip microcomputer 1: TMS320C600, or DSP563X X etc.), sampling filter circuit 2 (can adopt integrated package or the equal common circuit of textbook to be realized), photoelectric isolating circuit 3 (can form) by photoelectrical coupler and peripheral circuit, relay output circuit 4 and switching value input circuit 5 (can adopt integrated package or the equal common circuit of textbook to be realized), the input of sampling filter circuit 2 and voltage sampling circuit 6 (can adopt integrated package or the equal common circuit of textbook to be realized) and current sampling circuit 7 (can adopt integrated package or the equal common circuit of textbook to be realized), its output links to each other with the corresponding input of single-chip microcomputer 1, the output of switching value input circuit 5 links to each other with single-chip microcomputer 1 corresponding input end by photoelectric isolating circuit 3, the input of single-chip microcomputer 1 links to each other with the input of relay output circuit 4 by photoelectric isolating circuit 3, relay output circuit 4 respectively with four corresponding single-phase high voltage switch ZA, ZB, ZC, ZD links to each other, and single-chip microcomputer 1 also is connected with keyboard 8 and display 9 so that carry out parameter adjustment, input is also shown.Described voltage transformer TV is the voltage transformer of an employing three-phase and five-pole connection, one end of a winding of its three-phase adopts wye connection to be connected between three-phase power line and the ground, three windings in six secondary winding of voltage transformer TV adopt wye connection to be connected between the phase voltage sampling input and ground of microcomputerized controller, other three secondary winding adopt open-delta connection to be connected between the residual voltage input and ground of microcomputerized controller, between the control output end of microcomputerized controller and power supply, be connected to harmonic elimination relay line bag JX, be connected across the winding opening part that adopts open-delta connection among the voltage transformer TV behind the normally opened contact JX1 serial connection harmonic elimination resistance R X of harmonic elimination relay.
Discriminating gear of the present utility model adopts the mode that drops into reactor ground connection on the bus of fault phase to protect, and has functions such as route selection, fault trip, communication.This device had both kept the advantage of isolated neutral mode: earth current is little, the power supply reliability height; The single-phase earthing electric arc that has remedied earth-free mode is again easily restriked, shortcomings such as internal overvoltage multiple height; Especially in protection, has distinctive feature to high resistance earthing fault.
The microcomputer type comprehensive protector course of work of the present utility model is:
Microcomputerized controller is three-phase voltage and the residual voltage and their frequency of detection system all the time, and differentiates.When system normally moved, four high-voltage switch gears all were in the disjunction state, and device does not produce any influence to system; In case judge system's generation single phase ground fault, microcomputerized controller drive unit is immediately protected (see figure 2):
If fault parameter is in fault signature district 1, the high-voltage switch gear closure of the minimum phase of microcomputerized controller driving voltage; If fault parameter is in fault signature district 2, the high-voltage switch gear closure of microcomputerized controller driving malfunction voltage phase; If fault parameter is in fault signature district 3, the high-voltage switch gear closure of microcomputerized controller driving voltage time low phase.The result of three kinds of protection actions is connected to reactor L between the bus and ground of fault phase, produces following effect: 1) clamp down on the fault phase voltage and be approximately zero, limit non-fault phase voltage less than line voltage.2), shift 100% fault current for arc grounding; For high resistance ground, shift 98% above fault current; For metal ground connection, shift 90% above fault current.Its effect is to eliminate or the inhibition fault protection fault point person and device security.
For transient fault, high-voltage switch gear disconnected after the time-delay several seconds, eliminated fault, did not influence power supply continuity; For permanent fault, high-voltage switch gear long delay tens of minutes, according to prior selection, or by artificial tripping operation disengagement failure circuit, or by device tripping operation case action disengagement failure circuit.If fault parameter is in alarm range, device is accurately reported to the police to fault type and circuit.
Specifically be exemplified below:
Example 1.
When 6kV neutral non-effective grounding network system generation single-phase earthing, recording residual voltage is 2kV, and this system's normal phase voltage is 3.6kV, can find out by the described method of discrimination of claim 1, this single phase ground fault satisfies the condition of characteristic area 1, therefore, can declare and minimum one be the fault phase mutually in the three-phase voltage this moment, (ground protection can be by reactor ground connection to drop into ground protection immediately on this phase bus, or alternate manner ground connection), for transient fault, disjunction from this phase bus can be eliminated fault after the ground protection time-delay several seconds; For permanent fault, ground protection long delay tens of minutes, according to prior selection, or by artificial tripping operation disengagement failure circuit, or by device tripping operation case action disengagement failure circuit.
Example 2.
When 6kV neutral non-effective grounding network system generation single-phase earthing, recording residual voltage is 1.8kV, and this system's normal phase voltage is 3.6kV, can find out by the described method of discrimination of claim 1, this single phase ground fault satisfies the condition of characteristic area 2, therefore, that phase voltage that can declare 90 ° of the residual voltages of lagging behind this moment is the fault phase, (ground protection can be by reactor ground connection to drop into ground protection immediately on this phase bus, or alternate manner ground connection), for transient fault, disjunction from this phase bus can be eliminated fault after the ground protection time-delay several seconds; For permanent fault, ground protection long delay tens of minutes, according to prior selection, or by artificial tripping operation disengagement failure circuit, or by device tripping operation case action disengagement failure circuit.
Example 3.
When 6kV neutral non-effective grounding network system generation single-phase earthing, recording residual voltage is 1.2kV, and this system's normal phase voltage is 3.6kV, can find out by the described method of discrimination of claim 1, this single phase ground fault satisfies the condition of characteristic area 3, therefore, can declare in three-phase voltage this moment time low one and be the fault phase mutually, (ground protection can be by reactor ground connection to drop into ground protection immediately on this phase bus, or alternate manner ground connection), for transient fault, disjunction from this phase bus can be eliminated fault after the ground protection time-delay several seconds; For permanent fault, ground protection long delay tens of minutes, according to prior selection, or by artificial tripping operation disengagement failure circuit, or by device tripping operation case action disengagement failure circuit.
Example 4.
When 10kV neutral non-effective grounding network system generation single-phase earthing, recording residual voltage is 4kV, and this system's normal phase voltage is 6kV, can find out by the described method of discrimination of claim 1, this single phase ground fault satisfies the condition of characteristic area 1, therefore, can declare and minimum one be the fault phase mutually in the three-phase voltage this moment, (ground protection can be by reactor ground connection to drop into ground protection immediately on this phase bus, or alternate manner ground connection), for transient fault, disjunction from this phase bus can be eliminated fault after the ground protection time-delay several seconds; For permanent fault, ground protection long delay tens of minutes, according to prior selection, or by artificial tripping operation disengagement failure circuit, or by device tripping operation case action disengagement failure circuit.
Example 5.
When 10kV neutral non-effective grounding network system generation single-phase earthing, recording residual voltage is 3kV, and this system's normal phase voltage is 6kV, can find out by the described method of discrimination of claim 1, this single phase ground fault satisfies the condition of characteristic area 2, therefore, that phase voltage that can declare 90 ° of the residual voltages of lagging behind this moment is the fault phase, (ground protection can be by reactor ground connection to drop into ground protection immediately on this phase bus, or alternate manner ground connection), for transient fault, disjunction from this phase bus can be eliminated fault after the ground protection time-delay several seconds; For permanent fault, ground protection long delay tens of minutes, according to prior selection, or by artificial tripping operation disengagement failure circuit, or by device tripping operation case action disengagement failure circuit.
Example 6.
When 10kV neutral non-effective grounding network system generation single-phase earthing, recording residual voltage is 2kV, and this system's normal phase voltage is 6kV, can find out by the described method of discrimination of claim 1, this single phase ground fault satisfies the condition of characteristic area 3, therefore, can declare in three-phase voltage this moment time low one and be the fault phase mutually, (ground protection can be by reactor ground connection to drop into ground protection immediately on this phase bus, or alternate manner ground connection), for transient fault, disjunction from this phase bus can be eliminated fault after the ground protection time-delay several seconds; For permanent fault, ground protection long delay tens of minutes, according to prior selection, or by artificial tripping operation disengagement failure circuit, or by device tripping operation case action disengagement failure circuit.
Example 7.
When 35kV neutral non-effective grounding network system generation single-phase earthing, recording residual voltage is 12kV, and this system's normal phase voltage is 21kV, can find out by the described method of discrimination of claim 1, this single phase ground fault satisfies the condition of characteristic area 1, therefore, can declare and minimum one be the fault phase mutually in the three-phase voltage this moment, (ground protection can be by reactor ground connection to drop into ground protection immediately on this phase bus, or alternate manner ground connection), for transient fault, disjunction from this phase bus can be eliminated fault after the ground protection time-delay several seconds; For permanent fault, ground protection long delay tens of minutes, according to prior selection, or by artificial tripping operation disengagement failure circuit, or by device tripping operation case action disengagement failure circuit.
Example 8.
When 35kV neutral non-effective grounding network system generation single-phase earthing, recording residual voltage is 10.5kV, and this system's normal phase voltage is 21kV, can find out by the described method of discrimination of claim 1, this single phase ground fault satisfies the condition of characteristic area 2, therefore, that phase voltage that can declare 90 ° of the residual voltages of lagging behind this moment is the fault phase, (ground protection can be by reactor ground connection to drop into ground protection immediately on this phase bus, or alternate manner ground connection), for transient fault, disjunction from this phase bus can be eliminated fault after the ground protection time-delay several seconds; For permanent fault, ground protection long delay tens of minutes, according to prior selection, or by artificial tripping operation disengagement failure circuit, or by device tripping operation case action disengagement failure circuit.
Example 9.
When 35kV neutral non-effective grounding network system generation single-phase earthing, recording residual voltage is 9kV, and this system's normal phase voltage is 21kV, can find out by the described method of discrimination of claim 1, this single phase ground fault satisfies the condition of characteristic area 3, therefore, can declare in three-phase voltage this moment time low one and be the fault phase mutually, (ground protection can be by reactor ground connection to drop into ground protection immediately on this phase bus, or alternate manner ground connection), for transient fault, disjunction from this phase bus can be eliminated fault after the ground protection time-delay several seconds; For permanent fault, ground protection long delay tens of minutes, according to prior selection, or by artificial tripping operation disengagement failure circuit, or by device tripping operation case action disengagement failure circuit.
The utility model does not relate to the part prior art that maybe can adopt all same as the prior art to be realized.