CN201035948Y - 鹿头琴 - Google Patents

鹿头琴 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN201035948Y
CN201035948Y CNU2007200013609U CN200720001360U CN201035948Y CN 201035948 Y CN201035948 Y CN 201035948Y CN U2007200013609 U CNU2007200013609 U CN U2007200013609U CN 200720001360 U CN200720001360 U CN 200720001360U CN 201035948 Y CN201035948 Y CN 201035948Y
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qin
string
deer
instrument
deer head
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戴淑萍
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Abstract

本实用新型公开了一种鹿头琴,主要结构是琴杆顶部制成鹿头,琴筒呈上小下大的梯形,琴杆和琴弦之间横向支撑固定着音程调节器,这使得鹿头琴可四度变五度定弦。演奏时双马尾放在两根弦中间,双马尾可同时拉内外弦,也可以分开单独拉内弦或外弦,从而发出音程的双音效果。鹿头琴属中音乐器,音色上很有特色,可以演奏三个八度内的任何音程。

Description

鹿头琴
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种乐器,特别指一种蒙古族民族弓弦类乐器。
背景技术
目前,民族乐器二胡、蒙古族弓弦类乐器马头琴、四胡等已在各音乐领域广泛使用。它们的结构包括有琴筒、琴皮、琴杆、琴弦、琴弓、琴轴、琴码,演奏时都是用马尾弓磨擦琴弦发音。
二胡琴筒呈八棱形或六棱形,两根琴弦是并在一起的,演奏时手指同时按两根弦(内外弦),马尾只能拉一根弦(或内或外),也就是只能演奏单音。
马头琴琴箱呈瘪梯形,面皮为木制,两根琴弦由多根尼龙线组成,弓毛在琴弦外边拉奏。
四胡琴筒呈圆形,四根琴弦,双弓毛放在一、二弦和三、四弦中间,弓子同时拉两根外弦或两根内弦,不能同时拉内外弦。
上述几种民族弓弦类乐器在结构、形状和演奏上各有特点,演奏音响效果也不同。
实用新型内容
本实用新型要解决的技术问题是提供一种鹿头琴,这种鹿头琴属于中音民族弓弦乐器,琴弓为双股马尾,放在两根琴弦中间,可以演奏三个八度内的任何音程。
本实用新型的技术问题由如下方案来解决:鹿头琴,包括琴杆、琴筒、琴弦、琴弓、琴轴、琴码、千斤,琴弓为双股马尾,位于两根琴弦中间,其特征在于:所述琴杆顶部制成鹿头状,所述琴筒呈上小下大的梯形,琴杆和琴弦之间横向支撑固定着音程调节器。
本实用新型的技术问题还可由如下方案来解决:所述音程调节器由后部的小孔穿轴固定在琴杆上,音程调节器端部的槽支撑着外琴弦。所述千斤为半圆形,其上钻有两孔穿弦。所述琴码顶部呈倾斜状。所述琴筒上镶有蒙古族花纹图案。
本实用新型的优点是:鹿头琴琴筒为梯形,较二胡、四胡的琴筒大。琴弦较二胡、四胡的琴弦粗。鹿头琴与目前使用的弓弦类乐器在形状、音色、演奏方法方面都不相同。由于装有音程调节器,在演奏过程中,根据乐曲的需要可随时做音程关系的调整。即四度变五度定弦。如五度定弦内弦F,外弦C,可调成内弦F,外弦bB。因为采用双马尾弓,双马尾弓放在两根琴弦中间,根据乐曲的需要,可以同时拉内外弦,演奏三个八度内的任何音程,并奏出双音效果。也可以双马尾合在一起单独拉内弦或外弦。鹿头琴属中音乐器,音色特别,低音区浑厚、苍凉,中音区古朴、深切,高音区空旷、悠远。即可模仿潮尔(马头琴的一种)的泛音演奏法,又可演奏出呼麦双声部的效果。
蒙古族民间音乐浩如烟海自成体系,无限丰富的蒙古族音乐需要与之相对应的丰富音色,而多彩的音色又需要丰富的乐种来表现,因此鹿头琴的孕育而生正符合了人们的审美需要和审美观念。更符合了音乐风格、音乐艺术的多元化。鹿头琴的研制填补了马头琴、四胡二者之间所没有的音色空白,双马尾弓的发明与运用填补了蒙古族民族乐团中声部的不足,音程、和弦的出现极大的丰富了乐队的和声效果以及独奏的表现力。为内蒙古民族音乐艺术增加了绚丽的色彩。
附图说明
图1是鹿头琴立体图
图2是音程调节器立体图
图3是千斤立体图
图4是琴码立体图
具体实施方式
下面结合附图举一实施例:
如图1所示,鹿头琴琴杆1的顶部制成鹿头状2,琴筒3呈上小下大的梯形,其上镶有蒙古族花纹图案4。
如图1、图2所示,音程调节器5由后部的小孔6穿轴固定在琴杆1上,音程调节器5端部的槽7支撑着外琴弦8。
如图3所示,千斤9为半圆形,其上钻有两孔10各穿琴弦8,两孔10间距0.8cm,外弦孔靠后,内弦孔靠前,两琴弦8距离0.3cm。
如图4所示,琴码11顶部呈倾斜30度。

Claims (4)

1.鹿头琴,包括琴杆、琴筒、琴弦、琴弓、琴轴、琴码、于斤,琴弓为双股马尾,位于两根琴弦中间,其特征在于:所述琴杆顶部制成鹿头状,所述琴筒呈上小下大的梯形,琴杆和琴弦之间横向支撑固定着音程调节器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的鹿头琴,其特征在于:所述音程调节器由后部的小孔穿轴固定在琴杆上,音程调节器端部的槽支撑着外琴弦。
3.根据权利要求1所述的鹿头琴,其特征在于:所述千斤为半圆形,其上钻有两孔穿弦。
4.根据权利要求1所述的鹿头琴,其特征在于:所述琴码顶部呈倾斜状。
CNU2007200013609U 2007-01-16 2007-01-16 鹿头琴 Expired - Fee Related CN201035948Y (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102368383A (zh) * 2011-12-02 2012-03-07 黄林潜 民族弦乐器共鸣箱
CN104464690A (zh) * 2013-09-12 2015-03-25 韩文峥 小龙琴

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102368383A (zh) * 2011-12-02 2012-03-07 黄林潜 民族弦乐器共鸣箱
CN102368383B (zh) * 2011-12-02 2013-05-15 黄林潜 民族弦乐器共鸣箱
CN104464690A (zh) * 2013-09-12 2015-03-25 韩文峥 小龙琴

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Granted publication date: 20080312

Termination date: 20100220