Treadmill dynamic resistance measurement mechanism
Technical field
The dynamic resistance measurement mechanism that the utility model relates to a kind of swimmer when training in the treadmill.
Background technology
Swimming is a kind of technical ability activity that human body obtains to move ahead by means of the interaction force of limb action and water in water.Aspect national physical training be one all-ages, everyone knows about it, carry out Mass sports entertainment selection widely, becomes the main project that various countries carry out a struggle for superiority aspect athletics sports more than the gold medal in its accounting match.In the competitive swimming that is growing more intense now competition, rely on the method for " reduce resistance or increase propelling power " to remove the final victory of winning the game, be the target that vast trainer, sportsman, scientific research personnel lays siege to always.Therefore the resistance size that is subjected in water of analyzing influence human body, influence factor or the like are formulated more efficiently strokes technology, thereby are improved the utilization factor of sportsman's physical efficiency, especially the focus paid close attention to of people.
The power that various obstruction human bodies advance in water in the swimming is referred to as water resistance.Whether stiction in the swimming and dynamic resistance move in water by human body is distinguished.So-called stiction is meant that human body is in resistance suffered when sliding or being pulled under a certain anchor in water; Dynamic resistance is meant posture change when human body advances in the water middle reaches, produces the resistance that moves and be subjected to.In addition, resistance can be divided into three kinds of frictional resistance, pressure drag and wave drags by resistance property.Stiction and dynamic resistance all can be made of frictional resistance, pressure drag and wave drag, and the ratio regular meeting that the fast above-mentioned resistance composition down of different trips accounts for drag overall changes.
The testing research of stiction has been carried out a lot, and traction, the tank method that flows etc. in the water are arranged, and tested object is model or human body.Research to stiction both at home and abroad starts to walk early.Many valuable achievements have been obtained.The size of stiction is thought in most researchs, and except having the relation with haulage speed, also be immersed in many factors such as depth degree in the water, water quality water temperature, ambient humidity with human figure parameter, health relevant.
Dynamic resistance is except with above-mentioned influence factor is all relevant, the more important thing is relevant with human motion, it had both comprised the stiction under a certain posture of human body, a certain speed, comprised again under this speed because posture changes caused resistance, two combine and are referred to as dynamic resistance.
The true resistance that is subjected in the dynamic resistance reflection swimming exercise.Relative stiction, also there is different understanding in people to the understanding of dynamic resistance, therefore the measurement form of dynamic resistance becomes much complicated, does not form relatively uniform, standard, ripe method of testing and device, and the degree of comparability of test result also is affected.
At present the method for testing of dynamic resistance and device have the average propelling power that (1988) design dynamic resistance measuring system test freestyle swimming such as Toussaint is struck, below the water surface in the long pond of 25m, tie the PVC plastic long tube that an inside is full of air, uniform 15 blocks on the pipe, one end of pipe is connected with sensor, so that the measurement sportsman acts on the horizontal force on the block.Hold onto both feet to reduce the influence of leg resistance with very light floating thing during experiment, require the sportsman at the uniform velocity to advance, both hands alternately draw a push and block piece to obtain propelling power.Owing to be uniform motion, the suffered average bonding force of sportsman should be zero, therefore by sensor acquisition to average propelling power just equal the average dynamic resistance.This dynamic resistance measuring system limitation is: the one, and so complicated experimental assembly can only be surveyed the propelling power that freestyle swimming is struck and produced, the 2nd, when pushing link stopper backward, can cause in hand human body at the additional strong point of far-end, changed the real technical movements structure of upper limbs, made the motion of original generation propelling power become the motion that produces resistance.
The velocity disturbance method that also has Kolmogorov and Duptisheva (1992) to propose in addition adopts nature to swim into and additional known resistance (F
b) mode allow the sportsman swim 30m with maximal rate, measure fast V of dual mode trip down and resistance F.Author's hypothesis output power (Pt when not having known resistance
01) and the output power (Pt when known resistance is arranged
02) equate: i.e. Pt
01=Pt
02, a part of ignoring the power that when swimming produce changes into the influence of fluid dynamic energy, approximately thinks trip speed (V
2And V
1) be not both and cause by additional drag.The experiment condition of velocity disturbance method has two supposition: the one, and the output power of twice swimming all-out of supposition equates; The 2nd, the supposition dynamic resistance is 2 with the index of swimming in the fast power function relationship formula, and these two hypothesis prerequisites have certain influence to test result.For first hypothesis, because the research of mechanics of muscle has shown that the size of power and the variation of load are related, power also should change thereupon after exercise load changes, and supposes that twice equal correctness or approximation of the output power under the different load remains further to be verified.
(1979) at the uniform velocity traction methods such as bio-energy transformation approach, Kent and Atha (1975) modelling that Di Pramero etc. (1974) propose and Clarys etc., these methods all are early stage ways, design in Japan's tank looks very complicated, installs also very huge; The design of New Zealand's tank connects (belong to and be flexible coupling) with rope, can only survey pulling force (resistance), therefore the water velocity that is provided with must be higher than the top speed that the sportsman can reach, the trip speed of this and sportsman's reality differs greatly, and can not objectively respond the hydrodynamic change situation under the actual swimming of sportsman.
For the dynamic resistance of swimmer in water tested, Shanghai Institute of Sports Science Research and China Ship Scientific Research Center Shanghai branch have applied for a kind of swimming instruction testing system platform utility model patent on July 8th, 2005, this swimming instruction testing system platform mainly comprises a treadmill, this treadmill is supported for sportsman's analysis, diagnosis, optimisation technique provide effective scientific research for realizing kinematics and dynamic (dynamical) analysis-by-synthesis.
But the swimming instruction testing system platform does not have the measurement mechanism of design test dynamic resistance, and one of above-mentioned applicant's Shanghai Institute of Sports Science Research researches and develops the dynamic resistance measurement mechanism voluntarily for this reason.
The utility model content
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to provide a kind of treadmill dynamic resistance measurement mechanism, and this device can be measured the kinematic constraint power on the orientation into of going on a tour well, and then the later stage is calculated hydrodynamic change suffered when the sportsman swims into.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model can adopt following technical scheme:
Treadmill dynamic resistance measurement mechanism is characterized in that: comprise
One trolley frame;
One telescopic component and that is installed on the trolley frame drives the flexible gearing of telescopic component level;
One is vertically mounted on the stand under load device at telescopic component front end position.
In the utility model, described trolley frame is a framed structure, and the bottom is equipped with road wheel, and the rear end is provided with little handlebar.
In the utility model, telescopic component comprises flexible first assembly, flexible second assembly, the 3rd assembly, and described flexible first assembly inserts in flexible second assembly, and described flexible second assembly inserts in the 3rd assembly, and described the 3rd assembly is positioned at trolley frame.
Described flexible first assembly comprises the flexible rectangular pipe of first segment and is arranged on a swing supporting device of the flexible rectangular pipe front end of first segment and the sliding bearing that is arranged on the rear end; A described swing supporting device is connected with the stand under load device, and described sliding bearing can slide along flexible second assembly;
A described swing supporting device comprise one be installed in the axle mount pad of the flexible rectangular pipe front end of first segment, by the flange shaft of Bearing Installation in axle is installed in a mount pad;
Described flexible second assembly comprises the flexible rectangular pipe of second joint and is arranged on the outer change gear assembly of the flexible rectangular pipe front end of second joint and the sliding bearing that is arranged on the rear end; The flexible rectangular pipe of described outer change gear assembly control first segment is steadily flexible, and described sliding bearing can slide along flexible first assembly;
Described the 3rd assembly comprises that being installed in the 3rd on the trolley frame saves rectangular pipe;
On flexible first assembly and the stretch sliding bearing of second assembly, outer change gear assembly, be surrounded with and drive the driving-belt that flexible first assembly is made stretching motion.When flexible second assembly is done stretching motion, can drive flexible first component synchronization by driving-belt and do stretching motion.
In the utility model, described gearing comprises:
One is installed in the control box on the trolley frame;
One is installed in the drive motor of trolley frame rear end, and the controlled case of this drive motor is controlled;
One ball screw that connects with the output shaft of drive motor by shaft coupling;
One screw mandrel hold-down nut seat in order to rotating bearing ball screw mandrel rear end;
One screw mandrel that connects with the ball screw nut that moves about, this screw mandrel nut that moves about is connected with described 3 telescopic components, particularly fixedlys connected with the rear end of second telescopic component.Like this when drive motor drives ball screw and rotates, drive telescopic component by the screw mandrel nut that moves about, particularly second telescopic component carries out stretching motion.
Described stand under load device comprises:
One and telescopic component, the rectangular pipe that the flange shaft in particularly flexible first assembly connects;
One is suspended on the suspension stand under load device of rectangular pipe bottom by arm-tie;
One is installed in force transducer on the described rectangular pipe by the force transducer mounting bracket; On the sensing head of force transducer, lifting bolt is installed; Force transducer is surveyed data transfer with institute and is given data analysis set-up;
One is vertically set on major axis on the suspension stand under load device by linear bearing;
Be installed in the waistband device of major axis lower end.
Described waistband device comprises:
The one outer pincers screw that is connected with major axis lower end in the stand under load device;
The oscillating bearing that is connected with outer pincers screw bottom;
The one binding auricle that is connected with oscillating bearing;
The connection waistband that is connected with attachment lug reaches and is connected the braces that waistband connects, and braces is used for the colligation sportsman.
Principle of work of the present utility model is: the utility model is pushed on the limit, treadmill, switch on the start-up control case, by move about nut, driving-belt of drive motor, ball screw, screw mandrel flexible first assembly, the flexible second assembly full extension are gone out, make on the water surface of major axis perpendicular to tank of stand under load device.To connect then waistband be fixed on the device attachment lug and braces is fixed on one's body with the sportsman, the sportsman is suspended in the water of tank.The sportsman adopts 4 kinds of different swimming formulas in the water of tank, by force transducer can record on the working direction the hydrodynamic force data and with this data transfer data analysis set-up.The various posturography pictures of sportsman that photograph of filming apparatus and give data analysis set-up with the image transfer of taking simultaneously, data analysis set-up tie water dynamic date and motion images are also just analyzed it and can be carried out the dynamic resistance Data Management Analysis.Each measure finish after, the switch on can the start-up control case makes flexible first assembly, flexible second assembly be retracted in the 3rd assembly and get final product by move about nut, driving-belt of drive motor, ball screw, screw mandrel.The promotion dolly can move to device the corner in house, does not influence other measurements and work at ordinary times.
The utlity model has simple in structure, maintenance and advantage easy to use.
Description of drawings
Further specify the utility model below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Structural representation when Fig. 1 is treadmill of the present utility model dynamic resistance measurement mechanism stretching, extension.
Synoptic diagram when Fig. 2 is treadmill of the present utility model dynamic resistance measurement mechanism gathering.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of flexible first assembly of treadmill of the present utility model dynamic resistance measurement mechanism.
Fig. 4 is the A-A cut-away view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the B-B cut-open view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the supporting device of swing shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of flexible second assembly of treadmill of the present utility model dynamic resistance measurement mechanism.
Fig. 8 is the A-A cut-away view of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is the B-B cut-open view of Fig. 7.
Figure 10 is the C-C cut-open view of Fig. 7.
Figure 11 is the structural representation of treadmill of the present utility model dynamic resistance measurement mechanism the 3rd assembly.
Figure 12 is the A-A cut-open view of Figure 11.
Figure 13 is the structural representation of the gearing of treadmill of the present utility model dynamic resistance measurement mechanism.
Figure 14 is the structural representation of the trolley frame of treadmill of the present utility model dynamic resistance measurement mechanism.
Figure 15 is the structural representation of the stand under load device of treadmill of the present utility model dynamic resistance measurement mechanism.
Figure 16 is the A-A cut-away view of Figure 15.
Figure 17 is the I place enlarged diagram of Figure 15.
Figure 18 is the structural representation of the waistband device of treadmill of the present utility model dynamic resistance measurement mechanism.
Embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the utility model is realized, reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, further set forth the utility model.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, Figure 14, treadmill dynamic resistance measurement mechanism comprises a trolley frame 1; Trolley frame 1 is a framed structure, and the bottom is equipped with road wheel 11, and the rear end is provided with dolly handle 12.Telescopic component 2 and one is installed on trolley frame 1 drives the flexible gearing 3 of telescopic component 2 levels;
Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, flexible first assembly 21 comprises the first segment rectangular pipe 211 that stretches, front end at the flexible rectangular pipe 211 of first segment is equipped with a swing supporting device 212 by securing member, the rear end is equipped with 215, two groups of sliding bearings of two groups of sliding bearings by auricle joint 213 and axle 214 and arranges up and down for 215 one-tenth.Sliding bearing 215 can slide along flexible second assembly 22.
Referring to Fig. 6, a swing supporting device 212 comprises that one is installed in axle mount pad 212a in the flexible rectangular pipe 211 of first segment by securing member, in axle mount pad 212a, one flange shaft 212c is installed by bearing 212b, rotating shaft 212c two ends are equipped with two bearings end cap 212d, to prevent flange shaft 212c axial motion.
Referring to Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Figure 10, flexible second assembly 22 comprises the flexible rectangular pipe 221 of second joint, becomes upper-lower position that change gear assembly 222 outside two groups is installed at second front end that saves flexible rectangular pipe 221.Outer change gear assembly 222 comprises a 222a, bearing 222b, outer change gear 222c, axle 222a is installed in the front end upper-lower position of the flexible rectangular pipe 221 of second joint, bearing 222b is installed on the 222a, on each root axle 222a three bearing 222b are installed, two bearing 222b in the outside respectively are surrounded by change gear assembly 222 outside.
Rear end upper-lower position at the flexible rectangular pipe 221 of second joint is equipped with two groups of sliding bearings 225 by auricle joint 223 and axle 224.Sliding bearing 225 can slide along flexible the 3rd assembly 23.
Referring to Figure 11, Figure 12, the 3rd assembly 23 comprises that being installed in the 3rd on the trolley frame 1 saves flexible rectangular pipe 231.
During installation, flexible first assembly 21 inserts in flexible second assembly 22, and flexible second assembly 22 inserts in the 3rd assembly 23, and the 3rd assembly 23 is positioned at trolley frame 1.
On the sliding bearing 215,225 of first assembly 21 and flexible second assembly 22 that stretches, outer change gear assembly 222, be surrounded with and drive the driving- belt 24,25 that flexible first assembly 21 is made stretching motion.When flexible second assembly 22 is done stretching motion, can drive flexible first assembly 21 by driving- belt 24,25 and do stretching motion synchronously.Driving- belt 24,25.
Referring to Figure 13 and Figure 14, gearing 3 comprises that one is installed in the control box 31 on the trolley frame 1; Control box 31 is installed on the control box support 32, and control box support 32 is fixed on the trolley frame 1.One drive motor 33 is installed in the rear end of trolley frame 1, and these drive motor 33 controlled casees 31 are controlled; The rear end of ball screw 34 connects with the output shaft of drive motor 33 by shaft coupling 35; Front end and the screw mandrel nut 36 that moves about is connected, and the screw mandrel nut 36 that moves about is fixedlyed connected with the rear end of the flexible rectangular pipe 221 of second joint of second telescopic component 22.Like this when ball screw 34 rotates, drive second telescopic component 22 and carry out stretching motion by the screw mandrel nut 36 that moves about, drive flexible first assembly, 21 stretching motions by driving- belt 24,25 simultaneously.
In order to solve the support problem of ball screw 34, the rearward position on trolley frame 1 is equipped with the screw mandrel hold-down nut seat 37 of a rotating bearing ball screw mandrel 34 rear ends;
The drive motor 33 general drive motor that adopt the 36V safe voltage.
Referring to Figure 15, Figure 16, stand under load device 4 comprises rectangular pipe 41, suspension stand under load device 42, force transducer 43, major axis 44, waistband device 45: the trailing flank of the upper end of rectangular pipe 41 is fixedlyed connected with the flange shaft 212c in the swing supporting device 212 by securing member, and makes rectangular pipe 41 vertical.
Suspension stand under load device 42 comprises that one can be inserted into the rectangular pipe 421 in the rectangular pipe 41, and the upper end of rectangular pipe 421 is connected with rectangular pipe 41 by arm-tie 422, pulling shaft 423,424, and the stand under load device 42 that suspends so just can be suspended in the rectangular pipe 41.Respectively be fixed with a bearing support plate 425 up and down in rectangular pipe 421, be fixed with a linear axis and hold 426, one major axis collections 44 and pass two linear bearings 426 and install on every bearing support plate 425, major axis 44 just can be suspended vertically in the rectangular pipe 421 like this.Have threaded hole 44a in the bottom of major axis 44.
Force transducer 43 is installed on the sidewall on the rectangular pipe 41 by mounting bracket 431, and lifting bolt 432 is installed on the sensing head of force transducer 43; Lifting bolt 432 is connected with pulling shaft 423,424 and carries out force measurement.Force transducer 43 is surveyed data transfer with institute and is given data analysis set-up.Be covered with a bucker 433 at force transducer 43.
Referring to Figure 17 and Figure 18, waistband device 45 comprises an outer pincers screw 451, oscillating bearing 452, links auricle 453, connects waistband 454, braces 455.
The upper end of outer pincers screw 451 is screwed into the threaded hole 44a of major axis 44 bottoms, fixedlys connected with the bottom of outer pincers screw 451 in the top of oscillating bearing 452, and attachment lug 453 flexibly connects by coupling shaft 454 and oscillating bearing 452.Be connected with at attachment lug 453 and connect waistband 454, connect waistband 454 and connect braces 455, braces 455 colligations are on one's body the sportsman.
Because the treadmill dynamic resistance measurement mechanism of this embodiment is used for wet environment, so the part in each parts all is to adopt stainless steel material to make.
More than show and described ultimate principle of the present utility model and principal character and advantage of the present utility model.The technician of the industry should understand; the utility model is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in the foregoing description and the instructions just illustrates principle of the present utility model; the utility model also has various changes and modifications under the prerequisite that does not break away from the utility model spirit and scope, and these changes and improvements all fall in claimed the utility model scope.The claimed scope of the utility model is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.