CN200976563Y

CN200976563Y - Main driving mechanism of AC electric vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN200976563Y
Application number: CNU2006200973929U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 钟诗清
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2006-06-23
Filing date: 2006-06-23
Publication date: 2007-11-14
Anticipated expiration: 2016-06-23

Abstract

The utility model relates to a main driver in AC electric vehicle, which comprises an AC variable-frequency motor, a gearbox and a frequency converter. The AC variable-frequency motor (3) and the gearbox (6) are assembled into an integrated variable-speed motor used in the AC electric vehicle. The motor shaft (19) of the AC variable-frequency motor is connected with a transmission shaft (8) through the gear drive unit in the gearbox. The utility model has creative design and integrates motor with gear box. Compared with prior art, the utility model has the advantages of low cost, high reliability, widely adjective velocity range and very small torque fluctuation. When applied in electric vehicles, the utility model enables the starting, acceleration and the constant speed movement of vehicles; when the electric vehicle slows down or brakes, the variable-speed motor is in the dynamic braking state to enable battery charge and the transformation from mechanical energy to power.

Description

The main drive of AC electrical automobile

Technical field

The utility model relates to auto parts machinery, particularly relates to a kind of main drive of AC electrical automobile.

Background technology

At present, the pressure of global energy shortage and environmental protection becomes increasingly conspicuous.Along with high-energy battery technology, modern power electronics technology, sensor technology, the development of MICROCOMPUTER PROCESSING technology, electric machines control technology and modern control theory will be replaced by electric automobile gradually with gasoline and the diesel oil orthodox car as the energy.Advantages such as electric automobile has near zero discharge, and noise is little.Its motor driven systems generally is made up of four major parts, i.e. controller, power inverter, motor and transducer.All of drive system are required all to embody a concentrated reflection of in the control to power inverter (being generally frequency converter), and for satisfying these requirements, the Drive for EV control system adopts vector control (FOC) to realize usually.The mode of speed regulation of traditional AC Driving System such as variable voltage speed control, wire-wound asynchronous motor rotor series resistance speed, tandem control, pole changing or the like these modes of speed regulation all exist tangible limitation.May be owing to technical problem or other reason, do not study so far and produce can meet the need of market have efficient height, fast, wide, a safe and reliable drive system of electric automobile of speed adjustable range of response, thereby influence its popularization.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is: a kind of main drive of novel AC electrical automobile is provided, meeting the need of market, thereby promotes the development of electric automobile.

The technical scheme that its technical problem that solves the utility model adopts is: comprise ac variable-frequency electric motor, gearbox and frequency converter.The integrated varying speed motor that the AC electrical automobile that ac variable-frequency electric motor and gearbox are assembled into is used, wherein, the motor shaft of ac variable-frequency electric motor connects power transmission shaft by the gear drive in the gearbox.

The utility model is novel, constitute motor and speed changer integrated, it is based on rotor field-oriented three-phase squirrel cage induction machine and modified model space vector variable frequency control thereof, adopt scheme simultaneously based on the Electric Vehicle's Alternating variable frequency control of DSP embedded, DSP carries out high-speed signal acquisition and analysis, power device drives ac variable-frequency electric motor, to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art.When this device is used on electric automobile, can finish starting, acceleration and the constant-speed operation of vehicle, when electric automobile slowed down or brakes, varying speed motor was in the dynamic brake state, charged the battery, and realized that mechanical energy arrives the conversion of electric energy etc.Therefore, the utility model compared with prior art has that expense is low, reliability is high, an advantage such as speed-regulating range width, torque ripple are little.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of the utility model varying speed motor.

Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are respectively left view, vertical view and the right views of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is the structure cutaway view of the utility model varying speed motor.

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of stator and rotor among Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 are respectively left view, the right views of Fig. 6.

Fig. 9 is the enlarged drawing of the rotor punching 25 of Fig. 8.

Figure 10 is the enlarged drawing of the stator punching 24 of Fig. 7.

Figure 11 is the enlarged drawing of the cramp 23 of Fig. 7.

Figure 12 is the stereogram of AC frequency conversion controller of the present utility model.

Embodiment

The utility model comprises incorporate varying speed motor of speed change and AC frequency conversion controller (abbreviation frequency converter) thereof, and it relates to a kind of speed change and direction transformation etc. for the AC electrical automobile provides New Scheme.Its structure such as Fig. 1 are to shown in Figure 5: comprise ac variable-frequency electric motor, gearbox and frequency converter.The integrated varying speed motor that the AC electrical automobile that ac variable-frequency electric motor 3 and gearbox 6 are assembled into is used, wherein, the motor shaft 19 of alternating current motor connects power transmission shaft 8 by the gear drive in the gearbox.The effect of this varying speed motor is to provide vehicle ' power and speed.

Above-mentioned frequency converter adopts the electric automobile three-phase voltage type frequency converter based on DSP embedded, and its effect is the voltage or the electric current of control ac variable-frequency electric motor, finishes the control of the driving torque and the direction of rotation of motor.Its structure is as shown in figure 12: current sensor 27, IGBT frequency-variable module 28, support 29 and auxiliary frequency-variable controller 34, they are contained on the fin 26. and support 29 is equipped with two tributary filter capacitors 30 that are arranged in parallel, and the high frequency transformer 33 of DSP kernel control chip 32, voltage sensor 31 and output multichannel isolation voltage signal also is equipped with in its top.Auxiliary frequency-variable controller 34 and DSP kernel control chip 32 carry out signal and communication and power delivery by 26 core winding displacements.DSP kernel control chip 32 can adopt the collection of TMS320F2407A special signal and the processing module of U.S. Ti company.The communication module of this chip connects meter panel of motor vehicle, and driving condition input interface signal, electric driving controller control signal are connected with auxiliary frequency-variable controller 34 by certain interface specification.

The working power of above-mentioned frequency converter can be provided by the high-energy battery group of 120～144V.

The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but the utility model is not limited.

One. the integrated varying speed motor that the AC electrical automobile is used

Ac variable-frequency electric motor 3 can adopt the special-purpose asynchronous speed-regulating motor (based on rotor field-oriented three-phase squirrel cage induction machine) of electric automobile, natural air cooled cooling.Mainly partly constitute by stator 15, rotor 16, gearbox 6, gearbox cover plate 7, front end housing 5, rear end cap 2, cover plate 1 and support etc.The housing of its housing and gearbox 6 can link to each other by bolt.

1. stator: stator 15 is by casing and winding is unshakable in one's determination forms.Winding permeability magnetic material unshakable in one's determination adopts high-quality cold-reduced silicon sheet japanning back repeatedly to press and forms, setting-in three-phase symmetry two layer winding then, and it is carried out vacuum pressure impregnation handle.Casing can adopt high-strength aluminum alloy material.The suspension ring of fixing with screw 94 are housed on the casing.

2. rotor: rotor 16 is by rotating shaft and cage rotor is unshakable in one's determination adopts heavy interference fit hot jacket to be assembled.Wherein rotating shaft material is senior superior alloy steel, and shaft extension adopts the external splines transfer torque, and rotor reaches the G2.5 class precision through dynamic balancing, and motor oscillating is less.

3. end cap: forward and backward end cap all adopts the high-strength aluminum alloy manufacturing to form, and they link to each other with motor casing by

bolt

17,10 respectively.Motor shaft 19 and gearbox 6 integrated designs (gearratio is 2.14) on the front end housing 5 are installed male half coupling and automobile main rotary shaft and are located by connecting.Being furnished with screwed hole on the rear end cap 2 can be for the usefulness that encoder is installed.Hermetically sealed pair of dust cap deep groove ball bearing of

import

18,13 is housed respectively in the forward and backward end cap and, need not to add again lubricating oil in the use by the continuous bearing cap 14 of hexagon socket cap head screw (small washer, single coil spring lock washer light type).Sequence number 12 is a Cross Recess Head Screw.20 is wavy spring.

Extremely shown in Figure 11 as Fig. 6: in the ac variable-frequency electric motor 3, annular spread has stator punching 24 and rotor punching 25 on the end plate 22 plate faces at its iron core 21 two ends, and the punching quantity of the stator of every end and rotor is 36.Being shaped as of stator punching 24: the end near iron core 21 places is semicircle or smaller part circle, is linked to each other with the end points on the trapezoidal big base of the other end by two stringcourses such as grade that its end points drew.Rotor punching 25 be shaped as Yangtze River Delta shape, its head is little circular arc near the end at iron core 21 places promptly, afterbody is provided with " worker " font notch; The shape of whole rotor punching is similar to the rifle head of red-tasselled spear.Sequence number 23 is a cramp.

The installation method of this motor is: earlier the incorporate back end cover for motor upper cover plate of speed change is pulled down, adjusted and install encoder, its lead-in wire is passed in cover board hole, install cover plate again.Be evenly equipped with four dark M10 screwed holes on the ac variable-frequency electric motor front/rear end respectively, all with stay bolt with the motor secure fixation on mounting.The gear box output end internal spline transfer torque that links to each other with power transmission shaft.Replace engine by storage battery on the electric automobile and make the energy, the DC power supply of storage battery output is converted into AC power through frequency converter, supplies with motor and is converted into mechanical energy, and drive or directly drive running car by power transmission shaft.Because the supply frequency of frequency converter output can be done stepless variation, so motor speed also can be made step-less adjustment.

Two. frequency converter (AC frequency conversion controller)

As shown in figure 12: signal A/D detects interface circuit and motor photoelectricity rotating speed detects interface, DSP (TMS320F2407A) frequency-changing control system, RS232 communication module and controller input/output interface circuit module composition formation DSP core control system, this system is fixed directly over placement and the dc filter capacitor, gate signal isolated drive circuit, system multi-channel switch power module constitute auxiliary frequency-changing control system, this system is fixed and is positioned over the dc filter capacitor before measurement, is arranged at an angle of 90 with master control borad.

The core of its control system is 16 fixed point electric machine speed regulation special DSP chip TMS320F2407A of TI company, and signal A/D detects interface circuit and motor speed detection interface module is the important interface circuit of control system.It comprises three-phase current and frequency converter temperature detection interface circuit; motor speed and temperature detection interface circuit; DC bus-bar voltage detects interface circuit; be responsible for frequency converter output three-phase current; frequency converter and motor temperature; the preliminary treatment that DC bus-bar voltage is carried out before A/D detects (mainly is to use optocoupler; amplifier; voltage comparator is isolated; level conversion and relatively to produce the protection input signal) and motor 2 road current signals are carried out shaping; TMS320F2407A carries out A/D conversion back and carries out the vector control computing in conjunction with rotating speed detected value and set point, and realizes the frequency converter overcurrent jointly with GEL16V8; overvoltage; under-voltage; overheated; defencive functions such as motor overheating.Because unavoidably there is larger interference in frequency changer direct current bus voltage, therefore used the Hall-type voltage sensor that DC bus-bar voltage is carried out level conversion before the A/D.Current sensor has adopted open-loop current sensor, its maximum sample rate current ± 500A, change-over time are not more than 3 μ s and operating temperature range wide, can satisfy the native system requirement.Because the electric automobile work under bad environment for improving the motor speed sensor functional reliability, has adopted a kind of revolution to export the photoelectric coding type velocity transducer of 512 pulses.

Adopt the IGBT frequency-variable module, so frequency converter 6 road PWM isolated drive circuits are comparatively complicated, every road signal again through special intelligent isolation drive chip HCPL-316J, carries out the overcurrent protection of IGBT intelligence and promptly can be used for controlling the IGBT module after the buffer conversion.

Communication module is a RS232 asynchronous serial port communication mode.

Driving controller signal input output interface circuit module comprises electric driving controller control signal input interface circuit and driving condition signal output interface circuit, be responsible for control signals such as automobile start, acceleration, deceleration, reversing, battery charge are detected, carry out judgment processing for TMS320F2407A, simultaneously according to State Control information such as drive system ruuning situation output car light signal, fan signals.Power module is responsible for the power supply of control system and IPM module, adopts Switching Power Supply to realize, have volume little, realize multichannel output (having designed 13 road independent current sources in the native system IIGBT mode) and reliability advantage preferably easily.In native system, for preventing the mutual interference of IGBT intermodule phase, power for each module separately, and digital system power supply, A/D reference voltage, communication module power supply (being 5V) are separately, improved the antijamming capability of system.

As shown in Figure 7, the circular ideal flux path of alternating current motor was a benchmark when Voltage Vector Method was powered with three-phase symmetrical sine wave voltage, produced actual magnetic flux with the different switching mode of inverter and approached benchmark magnetic flux circle, thereby reach higher control performance.It is low and be convenient to the advantage that TMS320F2407A realizes that it has a current distortion rate.8 of three-phase inverter kinds of respectively corresponding 8 space vectors of switching mode in this device, SVPWM is exactly the combination of these fundamental space vectors of control, makes the output voltage space vector by the parameter circle rotation of setting.Synthesize the voltage vector of an equivalence in each sector with two non-zero vectors and one or two zero vector, can be by the realization of tabling look-up.When mode switch, guarantee to have only a power device state to change, make switch least number of times in each control cycle.

In this control system, adopt the controlling schemes of rotating speed, current double closed-loop, TMS320F2407A (TMS320F2812) is as the control core, not only to each link of controlling electricity be managed, coordinate and supervise, but also to carry out comparatively complicated vector control computing, because the control of native system is to belong to the higher real-time control category of rapidity requirement, this just requires the sampling period of system short as far as possible, according to the loss of frequency converter and heat radiation is calculated and to suppressing the compromise of harmonic wave as far as possible.

Vector control mode based on slip frequency controlled is equally on the basis of carrying out the constant control of U/f=, by detecting the actual speed n of asynchronous motor, and obtain corresponding control frequency f, hope the torque that obtains according to uncommon one then, control the phase place between stator current vector and two components respectively, the output frequency f of master control motor frequency conversion controller is controlled.Maximum characteristics based on the vector control mode of slip frequency controlled are can eliminate the fluctuation of torque current in the dynamic process, thereby improve the dynamic property of frequency converter.

This device can be used for electrocar, electric environment protecting tourist coach, golf electric motor car, electronic alert with among car, the core frequency-changing control system of electronic engineering with variety classes alternating current motor-cars such as cars.

Claims

1. hand over the main drive of combing electric automobile for one kind, comprise ac variable-frequency electric motor, gearbox and frequency converter, it is characterized in that ac variable-frequency electric motor (3) and gearbox (6) are assembled into the integrated varying speed motor that the AC electrical automobile is used, wherein, the motor shaft of ac variable-frequency electric motor (19) connects power transmission shaft (8) by the gear drive in the gearbox.

2. the main drive of AC electrical automobile according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: frequency converter adopts the electric automobile three-phase voltage type frequency converter based on DSP embedded, it comprises: current sensor (27), IGBT frequency-variable module (28), support (29) and auxiliary frequency-variable controller (34), and they are contained on the fin (26); Support (29) is equipped with two the tributary filter capacitors (30) that are arranged in parallel, and the high frequency transformer (33) of DSP kernel control chip (32), voltage sensor (31) and output multichannel isolation voltage signal also is equipped with in its top; Auxiliary frequency-variable controller (34) and DSP kernel control chip (32) carry out signal and communication and power delivery by 26 core winding displacements.

3. the main drive of AC electrical automobile according to claim 2 is characterized in that: DSP kernel control chip (32) adopts the TMS320F2407A special signal of U.S. Ti company to gather and processing module.

4. the main drive of AC electrical automobile according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the communication module of DSP kernel control chip (32) connects meter panel of motor vehicle, and driving condition input interface signal, electric driving controller control signal are connected with auxiliary frequency-variable controller (34) by certain interface specification.

5. the main drive of AC electrical automobile according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the working power of frequency converter is provided by the high-energy battery group of 120～144V.

6. the main drive of AC electrical automobile according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the ac variable-frequency electric motor (3), annular spread has stator punching (24) and rotor punching (25) on end plate (22) the plate face at its iron core (21) two ends, and the punching quantity of the stator of every end and rotor is 36.

7. the main drive of AC electrical automobile according to claim 6, it is characterized in that being shaped as of stator punching (24): the end of locating near iron core (21) is semicircle or smaller part circle, is linked to each other with the end points on the trapezoidal big base of the other end by two stringcourses such as grade that its end points drew.

8. the main drive of AC electrical automobile according to claim 6 is characterized in that: rotor punching (25) be shaped as Yangtze River Delta shape, its head is little circular arc near the end that iron core (21) is located promptly, afterbody is provided with " worker " font notch.

9. the main drive of AC electrical automobile according to claim 1 is characterized in that: ac variable-frequency electric motor (3) and gearbox (6), its gearratio is 2.14.

10. the main drive of AC electrical automobile according to claim 1 is characterized in that: ac variable-frequency electric motor (3) links to each other by bolt with the housing of gearbox (6).