CN200962687Y - Pre-heating light-adjustable, and over-current protection magnetic amplifier electronic ballast - Google Patents
Pre-heating light-adjustable, and over-current protection magnetic amplifier electronic ballast Download PDFInfo
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- CN200962687Y CN200962687Y CNU2006200172850U CN200620017285U CN200962687Y CN 200962687 Y CN200962687 Y CN 200962687Y CN U2006200172850 U CNU2006200172850 U CN U2006200172850U CN 200620017285 U CN200620017285 U CN 200620017285U CN 200962687 Y CN200962687 Y CN 200962687Y
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- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a magnetic amplifier type electronic ballast with over-current protection capable of warming up and light adjusting, used for warming up and light adjusting for gas discharge lamps. The utility model comprises a power supply transforming unit, a bridge contra-variant unit, a magnetic amplifier, a control unit and a lamp output unit, wherein the magnetic amplifier unit comprises at least two magnetic amplifiers which are arranged in pair, each amplifier comprises a magnetic ring, a DC coil, an input coil and an output coil. The utility model utilizes the magnetic amplifier's advantages of the stable performance and the simple production, realizing the smooth and stable warming up and light adjusting and a reliable over-current protection. The utility model has the advantages of relatively high performance price ratio and the convenient popularization, and makes possible the realization of the networked light adjusting for lighting systems which has a significant effect of energy saving. The utility model can be applied widely to electronic ballasts for all kinds of gas discharge lamps with different power levels and types.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The utility model relates to and a kind ofly use on gaseous discharge lamp, have the magnetic amplifier electronic ballast device of preheating, light modulation and overcurrent protection function, because circuit is simple, magnetic amplifier is reliability and durability, thereby has low-cost and highly reliable advantage.
Background technology
1 electric ballast background technology
Gaseous discharge lamp comprises the electric light source kind of fluorescent lamp, high pressure and many kinds such as low-pressure sodium lamp, metal halide lamp.Hot cathode kind in them as fluorescent lamp, needs filament pre-heating, otherwise has a strong impact on lamp tube service life when starting.Cold cathode kind in them, as high pressure and low-pressure sodium lamp, though do not need filament pre-heating when starting, in start-up course, it is ascending to flow through lamp tube current, level and smooth increasing, the obviously useful life of prolonging lamp tube.Therefore on universal significance, gaseous discharge lamp all needs warm.In addition, gaseous discharge lamp recoverable amount huge, thereby Dimming for Discharge Lamps is great especially for the energy-saving and cost-reducing meaning of lighting field.But because the aura and the arc discharge feature of gaseous discharge lamp can't be regulated power with the method for common controlled silicon industrial frequency adjusting conducting phase angle, and then be realized light modulation.Existing Light modulating type electronic ballast for gas discharging lamp adopts regulating frequency more, and the method that changes the ballast coil impedance is regulated power, and then realizes light modulation or preheating.This electric ballast has plurality of advantages such as energy-saving effect is obvious, operating voltage accommodation is wide.But also exist not enough.Wherein the most tangible deficiency is: the electric ballast popularity with light modulation and overcurrent protection is not high.Reason is: the cost of this product is higher.This need adopt expensive application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) relevant with device for power switching with this type of electric ballast.On the other hand, this electron-like ballast is owing to complex circuit, and under high voltage condition, integrated circuit condition of work harshness makes its reliability decrease, and this is undoubtedly the energy-saving and cost-reducing difficult problem of lighting field.
The background technology of 2 magnetic amplifiers
The design core that the utility model is different from prior art is to have adopted the magnetic amplifier technology, therefore is necessary the background technology of magnetic amplifier is illustrated.
2.1 the basic principle of magnetic amplifier
Magnetic amplifier is the abbreviation of regulex.Its essence is a kind of saturated inductor that is subjected to direct current control.Form by saturable magnetic core and coiling many groups coil thereon.Coil can be divided into the DC control coil and exchange controlled coils.Because high-frequency magnetic core adopts high permeability materials, when not having the direct current circulation in the DC control coil, the induction reactance that exchanges controlled coils is very big, and the alternating current of circulation is less.In case the direct current circulation is arranged in the DC control coil, and make magnetic core saturated, the induction reactance that exchanges controlled coils will reduce, and the direct current that flows through is big more, the induction reactance that exchanges controlled coils is more little.Utilize direct current less in the DC control coil like this, just can control and exchange bigger alternating current in the controlled coils.If exchanging controlled coils itself is the transformer form, referring to Fig. 1, that is: exchange controlled coils and be divided into the controlled defeated people's coil of interchange (the former limit of transformer, be called for short: defeated people's coil) with exchange controlled output winding (transformer secondary, be called for short: output winding), then (be called for short: when not having the direct current circulation dc coil), the signal of defeated people's coil can be according to transformer principle, and magnetic coupling is to output winding smoothly when the DC control coil.Can claim that magnetic amplifier is in opening state this moment.In case the direct current circulation is arranged in the dc coil, and make magnetic core saturated, magnetic coupling will be suppressed, the output of output winding will weaken.Direct current is big more, and the magnetic core degree of saturation is dark more, and the repressed degree of magnetic coupling is just big more.Can claim that magnetic amplifier is in adjustment state this moment.Continue to increase direct current, cause magnetic core saturated fully, magnetic coupling is cut off, and output winding is output as zero.Can claim that magnetic amplifier is in off state this moment.
Transformer principle can be described with the ideal transformer equation:
V1/V2＝W1/W2＝N
I1/I2＝W2/W1＝1/N
RL1＝N2*RL2
Wherein, V1 is the transformer original edge voltage; V2 is the transformer secondary voltage; I1 is the transformer primary current; I1 is the transformer secondary current; The W1 transformer primary coil number of turn; The W2 transformer secondary coil number of turn; N is the turn ratio on the former and deputy limit of transformer, for magnetic amplifier, is meant the turn ratio of defeated people's coil (the former limit of transformer) and output winding (transformer secondary); RL1 is the former limit of a transformer equivalent resistance, and RL2 is a transformer secondary equivalent resistance.
The outstanding feature of magnetic amplifier is all solid state, overload-resistant, anti-adverse environment, thereby the reliability height, and it is widely used in occasions such as aircraft, naval vessel, also is widely used in power-supply device.
2.2 the end problem of the same name of the coil in the magnetic amplifier coiling
The definition of " end of the same name " of magnetic coupling system is: when electric current respectively when two coils certain end separately flows into (or flow out) simultaneously, if the magnetic flux that both produce help, these two ends are called the end of the same name of two mutual inductors, or be called the top of two mutual inductors, with sign " " expression, other two ends then are called the end of two mutual inductors.According to the operation principle of magnetic amplifier, the coiling direction of each coil must be selected by " end of the same name " definition of magnetic coupling system in the magnetic amplifier.
The magnetic core of magnetic amplifier adopts ferrite bead usually, its a plurality of lead loop then adopt on this magnet ring internal orifice dimension, wear around method make.For reduce coil wear coiled this, the situation of the shared coil of a plurality of magnetic amplifiers is common, forms " magnetic amplifier to " in pairs such as 2 identical magnetic amplifiers of structure, referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2.This two width of cloth figure described " magnetic amplifier to " equivalence fully, Fig. 2 has adopted shared coil that coiling is simplified.Shared coil is that lead is worn 1 coil of coiled on the magnet ring internal orifice dimension of a plurality of magnetic amplifiers." end of the same name " problem slightly complicated at this moment.
According to " end of the same name " definition of magnetic coupling system, shared coil is whenever worn the magnet ring around a magnetic amplifier, just means the new magnetic coupling system that enters, thereby the just once selection of new " end of the same name ".In other words, if shared coil is worn 1 coil of coiled on the magnet ring internal orifice dimension of 4 magnetic amplifiers, 4 " end of the same name " signs " " just should be arranged on its circuit diagram symbol so, the rest may be inferred, referring to Fig. 3.With the dc coil among Fig. 3 (Nd) is example, and it has 4 " end of the same name " signs " " from top to bottom, this illustrate this coil be in 4 magnetic coupling systems (magnetic amplifier), wear around.Its 1st " end of the same name " sign has been indicated " end of the same name " orientation of magnetic amplifier (Ma1); Its 2nd " end of the same name " sign has been indicated " end of the same name " orientation of magnetic amplifier (Ma2); Its 3rd " end of the same name " sign has been indicated " end of the same name " orientation of magnetic amplifier (Mb1); Its 4th " end of the same name " sign has been indicated " end of the same name " orientation of magnetic amplifier (Mb2).
3 bridge-type inverter background technologies
The design core that the utility model is different from prior art is to have adopted the magnetic amplifier technology, and the output of magnetic amplifier, input coil all directly are connected with bridge-type inverter, therefore is necessary the background technology of bridge-type inverter is illustrated.
3.1 semibridge system and full-bridge type inverter
The structure of bridge-type inverter is (referring to Fig. 4): form 4 brachium pontis of bridge circuit by power switch transistor, capacitor, be made as (S1), (S2), (S3), (S4).The positive pole of DC power supply and negative pole respectively with a diagonal of electric bridge on two nodes (P+) be connected with (P-).Two nodes (P1) on another diagonal of electric bridge and (P2) be the square wave output.Be connected with load resistance (RL) at (P1) with (P2) on these two nodes.If 4 brachium pontis constitute by power switch transistor, then be full bridge circuit.If (S1), (S2) be made of power switch transistor, (S3), (S4) be made of capacitor, then is half bridge circuit; If (S3), (S4) the two get one, and constitute by capacitor, also be half bridge circuit.
The power switch transistor that constitutes brachium pontis can be ambipolar, also can be the MOS type.Between can only or ending in conducting, its operating state switches at a high speed.To full bridge circuit, electric bridge 2 brachium pontis of opposite side each other is 1 group, and 4 brachium pontis can be divided into 2 groups, that is: 1 group comprises brachium pontis (S1) and (S4), and 1 group comprises brachium pontis (S2) and (S3) in addition.During work, must make in the group operating state of brachium pontis identical, the operating state of brachium pontis is opposite between group, that is: (S1) and (S4) during conducting (S2) He (S3) ends, and vice versa.So go round and begin again, form the square wave concussion.In half bridge circuit when work,, brachium pontis (S1) and (S2) necessary hold mode is opposite that is: during (S1) conducting, (S2) ends, and vice versa.So go round and begin again, form the square wave concussion.
3.2 the driving adapter circuit of power switch transistor in the bridge-type inverter
On the power switch transistor of bridge-type inverter brachium pontis, be to drive adapter circuit between drive signal input pin and source driving signal.The function that drives adapter circuit is: the conversion of signals of source driving signal output is become to meet the drive signal that power switch transistor requires.Driving adapter circuit ambipolar, the MOS type is different, referring to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.To the bipolar-type power switch triode, the drive signal input pin is: signal end base stage (b) and common port emitter (e).To MOS type power switch transistor, the drive signal input pin is: signal end grid (G) and common port source electrode (S).Observe from the angle of source driving signal, driving adapter circuit is the two terminal circuit with two input terminals, thereby can call the terminal related with the signal end pin driving adaptive input (SnB); The terminal related with the common port pin called drive adaptive input (SnE) (n is the sequence number of the power switch transistor that driven).
Figure 5 shows that the driving adapter circuit of bipolar-type power switch triode.Driving adaptive input (S1B) is connected with base stage (b) through series connection base resistance (R3).Driving adaptive common port (S1E) is connected with emitter (e) through series connection emitter resistance (R2).
Figure 6 shows that the driving adapter circuit of MOS type power switch transistor.Driving adaptive input (S1B) directly is connected with the grid (G) of MOS type power switch transistor.Driving adaptive common port (S1E) directly is connected with the source electrode (S) of MOS type power switch transistor.Voltage-stabiliser tube (Z1), (Z2) of resistor (R13) in parallel and differential concatenation between grid (G), source electrode (S).
Summary of the invention
1. the technical problems to be solved in the utility model
In view of the foregoing, the technical problems to be solved in the utility model is: but a kind of tunable optical preheating is provided, overcurrent protection function is arranged, energy-saving effect is obvious, the electronic ballast for gas discharging lamp of high reliability and low-cost coexistence.It also should have manufacturing simultaneously, debugging is simple, the advantage of the stable and anti-adverse environment of circuit parameter.
2. the technical scheme that addresses the above problem of the utility model
The utility model is by power conversion unit (1), and bridge type inverse unit (2), magnetic amplifier unit (3), control unit (4), lamp output unit (5) is formed (referring to Fig. 7).Except that adopting general high-frequency electronic ballast technology, the design core that the utility model is different from prior art is to have adopted the magnetic amplifier technology.
Because the magnetic amplifier technology relates to the winding method and the connected mode of a plurality of coils, technical solution of the present utility model has 4 kinds:
Referring to Fig. 8, magnetic amplifier unit (3) by the identical magnetic amplifier (Max) of 2 structures and (Mbx) form 1 " magnetic amplifier to " in pairs.Each magnetic amplifier wear by 1 magnet ring with on this magnet ring internal orifice dimension around a plurality of lead loop form; These tops that lay respectively at the lead loop among magnetic amplifier (Max) and (Mbx) are connected with terminal " end of the same name " definition according to the magnetic coupling system, and they are:
1 dc coil (Nad1) in magnetic amplifier (Ma1), its top (Nad1-1) is connected with the output (Dc1+) of control unit 4, and its end (Nad1-2) is connected with the output (Dc1-) of control unit 4;
1 dc coil (Nbd1) in magnetic amplifier (Mb1), its top (Nbd1-1) is connected with the output (Dc1-) of control unit 4, and its end (Nbd1-2) is connected with the output (Dc1+) of control unit 4;
1 input coil (Nai1) in magnetic amplifier (Ma1), its top (Nai1-1) is connected with the square wave output (P1) of the two brachium pontis joints of bridge type inverse unit (2), and its end (Nai1-2) is connected in series with ballast coil (N1), the gaseous discharge lamp (LAMP) of lamp output unit (5);
1 input coil (Nbi1) in magnetic amplifier (Mb1), its connection is identical with input coil (Nai1);
Form by semi-bridge type inverter at bridge type inverse unit (2), 1 output winding (Nao1) in magnetic amplifier (Ma1), the top of this coil (Nao1-1) is connected with the driving couple input (S1B) of power switch transistor (S1), and the end of this coil (Nao1-2) is connected with the driving coupling common port (S1E) of power switch transistor (S1);
Form by semi-bridge type inverter at bridge type inverse unit (2), 1 output winding (Nbo1) in magnetic amplifier (Mb1), the top of this coil (Nbo1-1) is connected with the driving coupling common port (S2E) of power switch transistor (S2), and the end of this coil (Nbo1-2) is connected with the driving couple input (S2B) of power switch transistor (S2).
Power switch transistor in this programme can adopt MOS type pipe.
The feature that scheme 2 is identical with such scheme is no longer repeated.
Referring to Fig. 9, the dc coil separately of 2 magnetic amplifiers in will " magnetic amplifier to " turns to 1 dc coil (Nd).Method is: with lead on 2 magnet ring internal orifice dimensions in " magnetic amplifier to ", wear around.
The input coil separately of 2 magnetic amplifiers in will " magnetic amplifier to " turns to 1 input coil (Ni).Method is: with lead on 2 magnet ring internal orifice dimensions in " magnetic amplifier to ", wear around.
Power switch transistor in this programme can adopt ambipolar pipe.
The feature that scheme 3 is identical with such scheme is no longer repeated.
Referring to Figure 10, to form by the full-bridge type inverter at bridge type inverse unit (2), magnetic amplifier unit (3) are made up of 1 " magnetic amplifier to ", and separately the number of output winding is 2 in magnetic amplifier (Ma1) and the magnetic amplifier (Mb1), and they are:
2 output windings (Nao11) in magnetic amplifier (Ma1) and (Nao13);
The top (Nao11-1) of output winding (Nao11) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S1B) of power switch transistor (S1), and end (Nao11) (No11-2) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S1E) of power switch transistor (S1);
The top (Nao13-1) of output winding (Nao13) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S3E) of power switch transistor (S3), and end (Nao13) (Nao13-2) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S3B) of power switch transistor (S3);
2 output windings (Nbo12) in magnetic amplifier (Mb1) and (Nbo14);
The top (Nbo12-1) of output winding (Nbo12) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S2E) of power switch transistor (S2), and the end of this coil (Nbo12-2) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S2B) of power switch transistor (S2);
The top (Nbo14-1) of output winding (Nbo14) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S4B) of power switch transistor (S4), and the end of this coil (Nbo142) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S4E) of power switch transistor (S4).
Power switch transistor in this programme can adopt ambipolar pipe.
The feature that scheme 4 is identical with such scheme is no longer repeated.
Referring to Figure 11, to form by the full-bridge type inverter at bridge type inverse unit (2), magnetic amplifier unit (3) are made up of 2 " magnetic amplifiers to ", and their output windings separately are:
The top (Nao1-1) of the output winding (Nao1) in the magnetic amplifier (Ma1) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S1B) of power switch transistor (S1), and end (Nao1) (No1-2) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S1E) of power switch transistor (S1);
The top (Nbo1-1) of the output winding (Nbo1) in the magnetic amplifier (Mb1) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S2E) of power switch transistor (S2), and the end of this coil (Nbo1-2) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S2B) of power switch transistor (S2);
The top (Nao2-1) of the output winding (Nao2) in the magnetic amplifier (Ma2) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S3E) of power switch transistor (S3), and end (Nao2) (No2-2) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S3B) of power switch transistor (S3);
The top (Nbo2-1) of the output winding (Nbo2) in the magnetic amplifier (Mb2) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S4B) of power switch transistor (S4), and the end of this coil (Nbo2-2) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S4E) of power switch transistor (S4).
Power switch transistor in this programme can adopt ambipolar pipe.
Compare with existing Light modulating type electronic ballast for gas discharging lamp, the utlity model has following beneficial effect:
1. the employing of magnetic amplifier technology makes the utility model realize light modulation smoothly, preheating and overcurrent protection unusually reliably under the condition that keeps advantages such as energy-conservation, no stroboscopic.
2. low-cost, circuit relatively simply is another outstanding beneficial effect of the present utility model.
3. the feature all solid state, overload-resistant, anti-adverse environment of magnetic amplifier technology has improved reliability of the present utility model.
4. magnetic amplifier mature production technology, parameter consistency is good, and stability is good, and this makes the utility model be convenient to more promote.
5. realize the having sensitivity of light modulation of electric ballast and feature efficiently with magnetic amplifier.For the 40W fluorescent tube is an example, the maximum dimmer loss is less than 0.5W with the load, and the electric current of dc coil that flows through magnetic amplifier this moment is below 80mA.
6. preheating and the light modulation with the magnetic amplifier electric ballast has the networking of being convenient to, and realizes the preheating on a large scale and the light modulation of lighting installation.Because every magnetic amplifier electric ballast only needs tens milliamperes of direct currents just can realize preheating and light modulation, as long as the DC power supply of a low-voltage (such as 6V) is set in bed rearrangement mansion or whole piece block, lay a small-capacity cable more, just can realize the preheating on a large scale and the light modulation of lighting installation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of magnetic amplifier schematic diagram, and 2 identical magnetic amplifiers of structure are formed " magnetic amplifier to " in pairs.
Fig. 2 is another kind of magnetic amplifier schematic diagram, and 2 identical magnetic amplifiers of structure are formed " magnetic amplifier to " in pairs, and their input coil, dc coil are shared coil.
Fig. 3 is another kind of magnetic amplifier schematic diagram, and the magnetic amplifier that 4 structures are identical is formed 2 " magnetic amplifiers to " in pairs, and their input coil, dc coil are shared coil.
Fig. 4 is the bridge-type inverter schematic diagram
Fig. 5 is the driving adapter circuit figure of bipolar-type power switch triode
Fig. 6 is the driving adapter circuit figure of MOS type power switch transistor
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of the present utility model
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of the utility model embodiment 1
Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram of the utility model embodiment 2
Figure 10 is the circuit diagram of the utility model embodiment 3
Figure 11 is the circuit diagram of the utility model embodiment 4
Embodiment
Describe embodiment of the present utility model in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The utility model is by power conversion unit (1), and bridge type inverse unit (2), magnetic amplifier unit (3), control unit (4), lamp output unit (5) is formed (referring to Fig. 7).Except that adopting general high-frequency electronic ballast technology, the design core that the utility model is different from prior art is to have adopted the magnetic amplifier technology.
Because the magnetic amplifier technology relates to the winding method and the connected mode of a plurality of coils, embodiment of the present utility model has 4 kinds, and corresponding one by one with aforementioned 4 kinds of technical schemes.
In these 4 kinds of embodiments, the start-up circuit in power conversion unit (1), bridge type inverse unit (2), control unit (4), (referring to Fig. 8) that lamp output unit (5) is identical, therefore give explanation earlier:
In the above-mentioned power conversion unit (1), inductance coil (L1-1) and (L1-2) is arranged, have be parallel to inductance coil (L1-1) and (L1-2) between capacitor (C0).Rectification circuit adopts full-wave bridge rectifier circuit, and (D1-D4) finishes by rectifier diode.The electrolytic capacitor filter device (C1) of the output that is parallel to full-wave bridge rectifier circuit is arranged, and power conversion unit (1) provides dc supply for bridge type inverse unit (2).In the start-up circuit in the above-mentioned bridge type inverse unit (2), resistor (R1) and capacitor (C2) are arranged.After their series connection, be parallel to again between the positive and negative electrode of full-wave bridge rectifier circuit.On the node of resistor (R1) and capacitor (C2) series connection, be connected with diode (D5) and bidirectional trigger diode (D6).The other end of bidirectional trigger diode (D6) is connected with the base stage of power switch transistor (S2).After the energized, capacitor (C2) charging potential rises and to make bidirectional trigger diode (D6) conducting, for bridge type inverse unit (2) provide starting impulse.The other end of diode (D5) is connected with square wave output (P1), and after its clamping action made bridge type inverse unit (2) starting of oscillation, capacitor (C2) was kept electronegative potential, and bidirectional trigger diode (D6) quits work.
In the above-mentioned lamp output unit (5), ballast coil (N1) is arranged, its end connects the end of the input coil of magnetic amplifier unit (3), and its other end is connected with filament, resonant capacitor (C4), the capacitor (C3) at gaseous discharge lamp two ends.Ballast coil (N1) has 2 secondary coils (N2) and (N3).Ballast coil (N1) and resonant capacitor (C4) are formed series resonant circuit, and the high voltage that its resonance produces makes lamp tube starting.Capacitor (C3) has stopping direct current and after fluorescent tube is lighted, reduces the effect of the high order harmonic component composition of lamp current.This is because after fluorescent tube is lighted, formed another series resonant circuit by capacitor (C3), fluorescent tube and ballast coil (N1).But this moment, the Q value of series resonance was very low owing to the existence of fluorescent tube.
Centre tapped secondary coil (N3) provide accessory power supply for control unit (4).(N3) center tap terminal ground connection, top and terminal series diode (D7) respectively and (D8) are finished full-wave rectification.Capacitor (C5) is parallel between the node and ground of diode (D7), (D8), finishes filtering.The two ends of capacitor (C5) are the positive pole and the negative poles of accessory power supply.
Secondary coil (N2) is the electric current mutual inductor, and its end is connected with diode (D15), constitutes halfwave rectifier, its other end ground connection.Capacitor (C9) is parallel between diode (D15) and the ground, finishes filtering.When electric ballast hinders when unusual big electric current takes place for some reason, secondary coil (N2) produces significantly high-frequency impulse group immediately.This impulse train is transformed to significantly DC pulse through rectification, the filtering of diode (D15), capacitor (C9), and this DC pulse is exactly to trigger the overcurrent pulse of current foldback circuit.
Above-mentioned control unit (4) is made up of light modulation, preheating, overcurrent protection three parts.
In the light adjusting circuit, light adjusting potentiometer (W2) is arranged, it is parallel between the positive pole and negative pole of accessory power supply.Its travelling arm end is connected in the base stage of triode (Q2) with after diode (D12) is connected.Also be connected with the anti-jamming circuit of forming by parallel resistor device (R10) and capacitor (C8) over the ground on the base stage.Directly controlling the conducting degree of triode (Q2) from the light modulation level of light adjusting potentiometer (W2) travelling arm end, thereby controlling the size of the electric current of the dc coil in the inflow magnetic amplifier unit (3), this is controlling the adjustment state of magnetic amplifier unit (3) sensitively, thereby has realized light modulation expeditiously.The buffer action of diode (D12) has guaranteed to have only after warm is finished, and just allows light modulation.Resistor (R11) is a current-limiting resistance, and when the complete conducting of triode (Q2), it has limited the current value that flows through the dc coil in the magnetic amplifier unit (3).Select the requirement of the resistance of resistor (R11) to be: promptly will make not failure of oscillation of bridge type inverse unit (2), make fluorescent tube not luminous again, this kind state is the filament pre-heating state just.In this span, get its higher value and can reduce the light modulation loss.Diode (D14) can prevent that the overvoltage of moment from jeopardizing triode (Q2) when overcurrent protection takes place.
In the preheat circuit, the resistor (R9) that is connected in the accessory power supply positive pole is arranged.One end of electrolytic capacitor (C7) is connected with resistor (R9), forms capacitor charge and discharge circuit.Electrolytic capacitor (C7) other end is connected with the base stage of triode (Q2).Like this, when between electrolytic capacitor (C7) charge period, triode (Q2) finishes with its charging and is become by conducting and to end, and the conducting extent control of triode (Q2) the size of the electric current of the dc coil in the inflow magnetic amplifier unit (3), this is controlling the adjustment state of magnetic amplifier unit (3) sensitively, thereby has realized preheating expeditiously.Diode (D11) is parallel to resistor (R9) two ends.Diode (D13) is parallel between the base stage and ground of triode (Q2).The effect of these two diodes is: behind powered-down, make electrolytic capacitor (C7) discharge rapidly, for filament pre-heating is ready next time.In the current foldback circuit, threshold value adjustment potentiometer (W1) is arranged, its an end ground connection, the other end is connected with the diode (D15) of lamp output unit (5), accepts the overcurrent pulse that is produced through rectification, filtering by electric current mutual inductor (N2).Its travelling arm end is connected with voltage stabilizing didoe (D10).(D10) the other end is connected with the control grid of controllable silicon (Q1).Control also is connected with on the grid: the anti-jamming circuit of being made up of parallel resistor device (R6) and capacitor (C6) over the ground.In case generation overcurrent; the overcurrent stream of pulses is through threshold value adjustment potentiometer (W1); voltage stabilizing didoe (D10) is punctured; thereby trigger controllable silicon (Q1) conducting; this makes magnetic amplifier unit (3) turn-off immediately because of current rush in the dc coil; bridge type inverse unit (2) is also because of driving all standing failure of oscillation, thereby realized overcurrent protection.
Embodiment 1:
Referring to Fig. 8, this example adopts typical fluorescent lamp semibridge system circuit of electronic ballast.Dc coil (Nad1) in " magnetic amplifier to " and (Nbd1) controlling the keying and the operating frequency of semi-bridge type inverter, thus but realize preheating light modulation and overcurrent protection.
1. warm
Capacitor (C2), diode (D5), (D6) and resistor (R1) are formed start-up circuit.After the energized, capacitor (C2) charging potential rises and makes bidirectional trigger diode (D6) conducting, the current impulse of formation make bridge type inverse unit (2) begin concussion under the positive feedback effect of magnetic amplifier unit (3).In case bridge type inverse unit (2) begin concussion, the clamping action of diode (D5) makes the charging process of capacitor (C2) stop, and start-up circuit quits work.If the dc coil (Nad1) in magnetic amplifier unit (3) and (Nbd1) do not have an electric current is then owing to the high pressure that the series resonance of the capacitor (C4) of lamp output unit (5) and ballast coil (N1) produces makes the fluorescent tube instantaneous ignition.But begin the concussion initial stage in bridge type inverse unit (2), the secondary coil (N3) of ballast coil (N1), and the accessory power supply formed of diode (D7), (D8), capacitor (C5) is set up the pulsating dc voltage of about 5V rapidly.This voltage to electrolytic capacitor (C7) charging, makes triode (Q1) conducting through resistor (R9).Accessory power supply is through triode (Q1), current-limiting resistor (R11), diode (D14), flows into the dc coil (Nad1) and (Nbd1) in " magnetic amplifier to ".Because the magnetic saturation of the magnet ring in " magnetic amplifier to ", make the output winding (Nao1) and the attenuated output signal (Nbo1) of magnetic amplifier, the positive feedback effect of magnetic amplifier unit (3) is suppressed, and the frequency-selecting effect of the capacitor (C4) of lamp output unit (5) and the series resonance of ballast coil (N1) also is suppressed.Little current oscillation can only be kept in bridge type inverse unit (2) on about 50KHz frequency.At this moment, fluorescent tube is not luminous, flow through high-frequency current in the filament at two ends, thereby filament is preheated.For the 40W fluorescent tube is an example, make bridge type inverse unit (2) keep little current oscillation with the load, thus make the pairing dc coil of filament pre-heating (Nad1) and (Nbd1) in the pulsating current value be very little, about about 70mA.The maximum dimmer loss occurs in warm-up phase, and it is less than 0.5W.In other words, the control of magnetic amplifier is responsive and efficiently.
Along with finishing of electrolytic capacitor (C7) charging, triode (Q1) progressively is tending towards ending.Flow into dc coil (Nad1) in " magnetic amplifier to " and pulsating direct current electric current (Nbd1) and weaken, the magnet ring in " magnetic amplifier to " progressively withdraws from magnetic saturation, and this is recovered above-mentioned positive feedback effect, frequency-selecting effect smoothly.Output winding of magnetic amplifier (Nao1) and output signal (Nbo1) strengthen, and bridge type inverse unit (2) return to normal frequency, about 25KHz, and fluorescent tube is lighted smoothly.
The effect of diode (D11), (D13) is: behind powered-down, make electrolytic capacitor (C7) discharge rapidly, for filament pre-heating is ready next time.
2. light modulation process
Light modulation process and warm principle are roughly the same.Dim signal is from the voltage on potentiometer (W2) travelling arm.This voltage is high more, through triode (Q1), current-limiting resistor (R11), flow into " magnetic amplifier to " dc coil (Nad1) and (Nbd1) in electric current just big more, fluorescent tube is just dark more, up to getting back to preheat mode.After diode (D12) has guaranteed that warm is finished, just allow light modulation.
3. overcurrent protection process
The number of turn of the secondary coil (N2) of ballast coil (N1) is 1, and it is the electric current mutual inductor.When in the lamp output loop harmful unusually overcurrent taking place, secondary coil (N2) produces significantly high-frequency impulse group immediately.This impulse train is transformed to DC pulse through rectification, the filtering of diode (D15), capacitor (C9).Threshold value adjustment and anti-jamming circuit that this DC pulse is formed through potentiometer (W1), voltage stabilizing didoe (D10), resistor (R6), capacitor (C6) trigger controllable silicon (Q1) conducting.So, flow through " magnetic amplifier to " dc coil (Nad1) and (Nbd1) immediately by the pulsating direct current that accessory power supply produces, moment makes magnet ring reach degree of depth magnetic saturation, and bridge type inverse unit (2) stop to shake immediately.
Embodiment 2:
(referring to Fig. 9) embodiment 2 feature identical with aforementioned schemes no longer repeated.The meaning of this example is: simplified the coiling difficulty of " magnetic amplifier to ", and then reduced cost.
The dc coil separately of 2 magnetic amplifiers in " magnetic amplifier to " has been modified into 1 dc coil (Nd).Method is: with lead on 2 magnet ring internal orifice dimensions in " magnetic amplifier to ", wear around.
The input coil separately of 2 magnetic amplifiers in " magnetic amplifier to " has been modified into 1 input coil (Ni).Method is: with lead on 2 magnet ring internal orifice dimensions in " magnetic amplifier to ", wear around.
Embodiment 3:
(referring to Figure 10) embodiment 3 feature identical with such scheme no longer repeated.The meaning of this example is: adopt 1 " magnetic amplifier to " to drive full-bridge type electronic ballast for fluorescent lamp circuit, this means that 2 magnetic amplifiers in " magnetic amplifier to " each have 2 output windings.In other words, in this example, each magnetic amplifier is being undertaken the task of driving 2 power switch transistors.
Embodiment 4:
(referring to Figure 11) embodiment 4 feature identical with such scheme no longer repeated.The meaning of this example is: adopt 2 " magnetic amplifiers to " to drive full-bridge type electronic ballast for fluorescent lamp circuit, this means that 2 magnetic amplifiers in " magnetic amplifier to " each have 1 output winding.In other words, in this example, each magnetic amplifier is being undertaken the task of driving 1 power switch transistor.
Claims (5)
1. but a preheating light modulation, the magnetic amplifier electric ballast of overcurrent protection is arranged, comprising: power conversion unit (1), bridge type inverse unit (2), magnetic amplifier unit (3), control unit (4), lamp output unit (5); It is characterized in that: magnetic amplifier unit (3) are made up of at least 1 " magnetic amplifier to ", and each " magnetic amplifier to " contains the identical magnetic amplifier (Max) of 2 structures and (Mbx) (x is the sequence number of " magnetic amplifier to ", down with); Each magnetic amplifier wear by 1 magnet ring with on this magnet ring internal orifice dimension around 3 kinds of lead loop form; These 3 kinds of lead loop are: 1 dc coil, 1 input coil and at least 1 output winding; These tops that lay respectively at the lead loop among magnetic amplifier (Max) and (Mbx) are connected with terminal " end of the same name " definition according to the magnetic coupling system, they are: 1 dc coil (Nadx) in magnetic amplifier (Max), its top (Nadx-1) is connected with the output (Dcx+) of control unit (4), its end (Nadx-2) is connected with the output (Dcx-) of control unit (4), accepts the current signal that contains flip-flop of its generation;
1 dc coil (Nbdx) in magnetic amplifier (Mbx), its top (Nbdx-1) is connected with the output (Dcx-) of control unit (4), its end (Nbdx-2) is connected with the output (Dcx+) of control unit (4), accepts the current signal that contains flip-flop of its generation;
1 input coil (Naix) in magnetic amplifier (Max), its top (Naix-1) is connected with the square wave output (P1) of the two brachium pontis joints of bridge type inverse unit (2), and its end (Naix-2) is connected in series with ballast coil (N1), the gaseous discharge lamp (LAMP) of lamp output unit (5);
1 input coil (Nbix) in magnetic amplifier (Mbx), its connection is identical with input coil (Naix);
Form by semi-bridge type inverter at bridge type inverse unit (2), 1 output winding (Naox) in magnetic amplifier (Max), the top of this coil (Naox-1) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S1B) of power switch transistor (S1), and the end of this coil (Naox-2) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S1E) of power switch transistor (S1);
Form by semi-bridge type inverter at bridge type inverse unit (2), 1 output winding (Nbox) in magnetic amplifier (Mbx), the top of this coil (Nbox-1) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S2E) of power switch transistor (S2), and the end of this coil (Nbox-2) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S2B) of power switch transistor (S2).
2. but preheating light modulation according to claim 1, the magnetic amplifier electric ballast of overcurrent protection is arranged, it is characterized in that: the dc coil separately (Nadx) of 2 magnetic amplifiers in " magnetic amplifier to " and (Nbdx) can connect or and be linked to be 1 dc coil (Ndx), also can wear 1 dc coil of coiled (Ndx) on the magnet ring internal orifice dimension with 2 magnetic amplifiers of lead in this " magnetic amplifier to "; Form by 2 " magnetic amplifiers to " at magnetic amplifier unit 3, separately dc coil (Ndx) series connection or parallel connection in 2 " magnetic amplifiers to " can be merged into 1 dc coil (Nd), also can be with wearing 1 dc coil of coiled (Nd) on the magnet ring internal orifice dimension of lead in 2 " magnetic amplifiers to ".
3. but preheating light modulation according to claim 1, the magnetic amplifier electric ballast of overcurrent protection is arranged, it is characterized in that: 2 magnetic amplifiers in " magnetic amplifier to " separately input coil (Naix) and (Nbix) can connect or and be unified into 1 input coil (Nix), also can wear 1 input coil of coiled (Nix) on the magnet ring internal orifice dimension with 2 magnetic amplifiers of lead in this " magnetic amplifier to "; Form by 2 " magnetic amplifiers to " at magnetic amplifier unit (3), separately input coil (Nix) series connection or parallel connection in 2 " magnetic amplifiers to " can be merged into 1 input coil (Ni), also can be with wearing 1 input coil of coiled (Ni) on the magnet ring internal orifice dimension of lead in 2 " magnetic amplifiers to ".
4. but preheating light modulation according to claim 1, the magnetic amplifier electric ballast of overcurrent protection is arranged; it is characterized in that: form by the full-bridge type inverter at bridge type inverse unit (2); magnetic amplifier unit (3) is made up of 1 " magnetic amplifier to "; separately the number of output winding is 2 in magnetic amplifier (Ma1) and the magnetic amplifier (Mb1), and they are:
2 output windings (Nao11) in magnetic amplifier (Ma1) and (Nao13);
The top (Nao11-1) of output winding (Nao11) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S1B) of power switch transistor (S1), and end (Nao11) (No11-2) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S1E) of power switch transistor (S1);
The top (Nao13-1) of output winding (Nao13) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S3E) of power switch transistor (S3), and end (Nao13) (Nao13-2) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S3B) of power switch transistor (S3);
2 output windings (Nbo12) in magnetic amplifier (Mb1) and (Nbo14);
The top (Nbo12-1) of output winding (Nbo12) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S2E) of power switch transistor (S2), and the end of this coil (Nbo12-2) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S2B) of power switch transistor (S2);
The top (Nbo14-1) of output winding (Nbo14) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S4B) of power switch transistor (S4), and the end of this coil (Nbo14-2) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S4E) of power switch transistor (S4).
5. but preheating light modulation according to claim 1, the magnetic amplifier electric ballast of overcurrent protection is arranged; it is characterized in that: form by the full-bridge type inverter at bridge type inverse unit (2); magnetic amplifier unit (3) is made up of 2 " magnetic amplifiers to ", and their output windings separately are:
The top (Nao1-1) of the output winding (Nao1) in the magnetic amplifier (Ma1) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S1B) of power switch transistor (S1), and end (Nao1) (No1-2) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S1E) of power switch transistor (S1); The top (Nbo1-1) of the output winding (Nbo1) in the magnetic amplifier (Mb1) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S2E) of power switch transistor (S2), and the end of this coil (Nbo1-2) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S2B) of power switch transistor (S2); The top (Nao2-1) of the output winding (Nao2) in the magnetic amplifier (Ma2) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S3E) of power switch transistor (S3), and end (Nao2) (No2-2) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S3B) of power switch transistor (S3); The top (Nbo2-1) of the output winding (Nbo2) in the magnetic amplifier (Mb2) is connected with the adaptive input of driving (S4B) of power switch transistor (S4), and the end of this coil (Nbo2-2) is connected with the adaptive common port of driving (S4E) of power switch transistor (S4).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101834063B (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2012-05-30 | 王京申 | Pulse drive transformer assembly for self-excited switching power supply converter |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101834063B (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2012-05-30 | 王京申 | Pulse drive transformer assembly for self-excited switching power supply converter |
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