Hydro-pneumatic buffer
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of hydro-pneumatic buffer that is used on the rolling stock.
Background technology
The energy disperser that tradition is used on the rolling stock is mainly spring friction draft gear.Owing to be subjected to installing space, the restriction of conditions such as hitch amount of movement, spring friction draft gear wants on existing basis further very difficulty of increase capacity, in addition spring friction draft gear often in the process of buffering the absorption ratio of impact energy lower, cascade system (can regard the elastic system that the dozens of particle is together in series by spring and damping as) for tens of joint vehicles, when the S. E. A. lower (it is less to regard damping as) of buffer system, can make train produce longitudinal vibration, cause impact violent between vehicle.The friction-type energy disperser can cause the variation of frictional behaviour between friction pair in addition, causes the unstable properties of energy disperser, and the bumper property decay is comparatively serious, and performance is widely different between individuality.Accidents such as clamping stagnation, spring fracture, casing damage also easily take place in this type of energy disperser, bring hidden danger to train operation.
Railway transportation is topmost transportation mode in China, it plays a part very important in national economy, along with China's rapid economy development, serious incompatible with development and national economy of the traditional railway transportation pattern of China becomes " bottleneck " of the restriction national economic development.For solving China Railway and the incompatible situation of the national economic development, it is the great-leap-forward development strategy of target with speed-raising and heavy duty that the Ministry of Railways proposes Chinese Railway, China railways is just with unusual speed development in recent years, railway freight this year train tonnage rating to cross over 5000 tons, main line goods train speed will reach 120km/h, and develop the goods train that speed per hour reaches 160km/h, the heavy haul train tonnage rating will reach 10000 tons, and Qun Dynasty's railway will reach 20000 tons.The vehicle substance crosses 92 tons and 100 tons from 84 tons.The increase of train tonnage rating and the raising of train running speed, need the energy disperser product that more the high capacity performance is more stable, the original rolling stock of China can not adapt to new railway transportation requirement with energy disperser, needing the new performance of exploitation badly has the railway vehicle energy disperser of radical change, in addition along with the continuous development of national economy, need the handling load kind more and more, high-accuracy product, friable product, some special article require more and more high to the riding quality of vehicle, the transportation request vehicle of these goods is equipped with high-performance buffer.
In addition, a kind of hydro-pneumatic buffer is arranged in the mechanical field, comprising: cylinder body is fixedly connected with a damper rod with the plunger that is connected with cylinder body, cylinder base, forms a cylinder body liquid chamber between plunger base and the cylinder body; Plunger is a tubbiness, plunger base have one with the corresponding damping hole of damper rod, plunger inside is provided with a spacer ring plunger cavity is separated into a plunger liquid chamber and an air chamber, the plunger opening part is fixedly connected with a plunger end cap, plunger end covers and is provided with charge valve, and plunger end covers and is fixedly connected with an energy disperser head.During use, stream has been expired fluid in cylinder body liquid chamber and the plunger liquid chamber, and aerification in the air chamber, when the energy disperser head is subjected to an impulsive force, plunger moves in cylinder body, makes the fluid in the cylinder body liquid chamber enter the plunger grease chamber by damping hole, and the loss of pressure that fluid is produced when flowing through damping hole then makes hydraulic pressure consume, just make that also impact energy is absorbed, and reaches the purpose of buffer shock-absorbing.And the fluid that flows into the plunger liquid chamber passes through the gas in the spacer ring compression air chamber, and compressed gas is similar to the effect of spring.Energy disperser is after finishing one-shot and absorbing, gas in the air chamber promotes spacer ring makes the fluid in the plunger liquid chamber flow into the cylinder body liquid chamber by damping hole, again trail under the promotion of the fluid of plunger in the cylinder body liquid chamber, get back to the position before being hit, in order to being impacted once more.This hydro-pneumatic buffer adopts the one-level damping, the resistance that can alleviate is smaller, and railway vehicle is because himself weight is heavier, and vehicle velocity of impact when making up of trains is higher, need the impact kinetic energy of alleviation higher, and it is relatively very short on the vehicle for the stroke of energy disperser compression, the longest permission stroke is 83mm at present, the energy that is absorbed in buffering course will reach more than the 100kJ, so the employed energy disperser of railway vehicle requires resistance very high, reach 2500kN, high buffering resistance like this, if adopt the one-level damping, can cause damping place local temperature rise too high, the hydraulic medium that hydro-pneumatic buffer adopted is generally hydraulic oil, it has an important indicator, be flash temperature, if the too high flash temperature that surpasses hydraulic medium of damping place temperature can make hydraulic medium lose efficacy and cause energy disperser to damage.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of railway vehicle hydro-pneumatic buffer that can satisfy train speed raising, heavy duty and the vertical quality of train operation is had higher requirements, and this hydro-pneumatic buffer can bear higher resistance power.
For achieving the above object, the utility model is taked following design plan: a kind of hydro-pneumatic buffer is characterized in that it comprises:
Plunger, plunger base have a through hole, and plunger inside is provided with a gas-liquid separator piston plunger cavity is divided into the air cavity and second oil pocket; The plunger inwall is provided with spool and the spool spacing ring between plunger base and gas-liquid separator piston, is bearing fit between spool and the plunger inwall; The outlet of plunger through hole is the female cone face, and spool has the male cone (strobilus masculinus) face that matches with plunger through hole female cone face, and spool along the circumferential direction is provided with some axially extending bores equably, and spool matches with the plunger through hole and forms unidirectional cone valve damping structure;
Be sheathed on the hydraulic cylinder body on the plunger, the hydraulic cylinder body bottom is fixedly connected with a column damper rod, form first oil pocket between plunger base and the hydraulic cylinder body bottom, hydraulic cylinder body opening inwall is recessed into a counterbore, be provided with seal ring between hydraulic cylinder body counterbore and the plunger vertically successively, pressure ring, check ring and end cap, end cap is captiveed joint with cylinder body by positioning wire, be arranged with one stroke restriction steel wire on the plunger, the stroke compression ring of stroke limitation steel wire and end cap restriction, be provided with guidance tape between plunger and the hydraulic cylinder body inwall, be provided with guidance tape between end cap and the plunger;
Plunger through hole inflow point has a counterbore, be provided with a damping ring with circular hole in the plunger counterbore, be provided with cyclic spring rubber mount circle between damping ring and the plunger counterbore sidewall, plunger counterbore internal fixation has pair trip ring of damping ring axial location, and column damper rod and damping ring are provided with one heart and form an annular space damping structure;
One is fixedly connected on the end cap of plunger head, punching before the end cap outside is fixedly connected with, and end cap is provided with charge valve.
Three groups of minor diameter drainback passages are set on the plunger inwall, and the drainback passage end is provided with spring and supports unidirectional fuel-return valve.
Cylinder body is connected by anti-galvanic corrosion lead with preceding punching.
Damper rod is that cylinder or cone or bus are the swiveies of curve.
Spool is made up of valve body and core body, valve body is a ring bodies, the valve body middle part has a through hole, the axially extending bore of spool is positioned on the valve body, valve body adopts interference fit to be connected by the through hole at its middle part with core body, core body head outside face is the male cone (strobilus masculinus) face, and the material of valve body is a light aluminum alloy, and village's material of core body is tempered steel.
The core body head is provided with a counterbore, makes core body become a cap body shape.
The quantity of axially extending bore is 4-8.
Core material is 42MnMoV or 42CrMo or 42SiMn.
Be provided with dust ring between plunger and the end cap.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1, the utility model hydro-pneumatic buffer, owing to adopt above design plan, when current punching is subjected to the impulsive force of directed at buffer, preceding punching moves in the energy disperser cylinder body together with plunger, hydraulic oil in first oil pocket is compressed pressure and raises, high pressure oil in first oil pocket flows through plunger base damping ring of installing and the annular space that the damper rod that is installed in cylinder base forms and enters the plunger base through hole, the high pressure oil that flows into the plunger base through hole promotes spool makes spool be close to the spool spacing ring, thereby between plunger through hole and spool, form the side direction annular space, high-pressure and hydraulic oil is the axially extending bore by spool again from the side direction annular space that forms between spool and plunger through hole, promptly flow into second oil pocket through twice break-in, hydraulic oil flows into the second oil pocket pusher liquid separator piston compression air cavity of taking offence.Thereby hydraulic oil all can form difference of pressure in oil-feed side and outflow side through twice break-in and makes hydraulic oil pressure in first oil pocket be higher than gas pressure intensity in the air cavity in this course, finishing compressed gas in the posterior bumper air cavity when impact promotes the gas-liquid separator piston and compresses hydraulic oil in second oil pocket, hydraulic oil in second oil pocket and then promotion spool are closed the plunger base through hole, and the hydraulic oil in second oil pocket is opened return check valve through the elongated hole drainback passage and flowed back to first oil pocket.Elongated column drainback passage can produce damping to the hydraulic oil that refluxes, and return check valve also need produce difference of pressure in its both sides and just can open, so just guaranteed that the hydraulic oil that flows back to first oil pocket has very low pressure, thereby prevented the reverse impact of energy disperser.
2, the utility model hydro-pneumatic buffer, it has unidirectional cone valve damping structure and annular space damping structure, promptly adopted the two-stage damping, series connection by the two-stage damping, make resistance be distributed in two places, to effectively reduce damping place because of resistance too high (pressure difference is excessive between damping place import and outlet) causes local temperature rise too high, prevent that hydraulic medium is rotten, prevent the excessive generation hydraulic vibration of impedance and cause the danger of failsafety.And energy disperser can not take place to be crushed to death because of velocity of impact between vehicle is too high and lose the situation of pooling feature.When causing the throttling impedance to descend when the decline of energy disperser temperature build-up hydraulic medium viscosity, gas pressure intensity can raise the impedance that descends is compensated in the air cavity, guarantee the conformability of draft gear reaction force at rating travel, two groups of throttlings and the gas compression energy of attracting deposit is set in compression process, make temperature rise produce the conformability that has guaranteed the energy disperser temperature rise by three places, be convenient to the heat radiation of energy disperser, and the impedance of three places has prevented also that place impedance local impedance power is excessive and has caused failsafety, the oil return damping has effectively prevented the excessive train longitudinal vibration that brings impact and bring thus to vehicle of energy disperser screen resilience, make spacing simple and reliable between energy disperser cylinder body and plunger and be easy to processing around steel wire is spacing, and provide big as far as possible utilized space for the energy disperser cylinder body, prevent that the space is too small, the too small hypertonia that causes of energy disperser cylinder body or plunger inside diameter.This utility model is applicable to that various railway vehicles also are applicable to the various occasions that need to alleviate impact such as elevator, subway station end, railway station station end, lifting crane, harbour.
3, the utility model hydro-pneumatic buffer, because spool is made up of valve body and core body, the material of valve body is a light aluminum alloy, the village of core body material is tempered steel, so integral core both made dimension volume bigger, and its weight is also not too large, therefore the utility model hydraulic efficiency pressure system can be done greatlyyer with the unidirectional cone valve size of compound type, can satisfy the requirement of alleviating greater impact when being used for energy disperser, and cone valve is opened easily also when vertical direction uses, reaction flexibly.And the valve body in the spool adopts light aluminum alloy, and to compare productive costs low with integral type spool of the prior art.
4, the utility model hydro-pneumatic buffer because the core body head is provided with a counterbore, makes core body become a cap body shape.When hydraulic medium during by unidirectional cone valve damping structure, in the counterbore of spool core body, change flow direction, thereby the hollow hat-shaped structure of core body makes poppet spool valve have the flow-disturbing effect, make flowing of hydraulic medium disorderly more, and the disorderly fluid that is flowing in descends hydraulic medium pressure in flowing, a kind of like this design is compared with the cone valve of singly bribing of the prior art, can need hydraulic medium to flow through under the situation of the same pressure drop of unidirectional cone valve damping structure generation, cone valve opening aperture is increased, the increase of opening aperture can reduce the wearing and tearing of cone valve, prolongs hydraulic unit service life.
5, the utility model hydro-pneumatic buffer, wherein plunger through hole inflow point has a counterbore, be provided with a damping ring with circular hole in the plunger counterbore, be provided with cyclic spring rubber mount circle between damping ring and the plunger counterbore sidewall, plunger counterbore internal fixation has pair trip ring of damping ring axial location, and column damper rod and damping ring are provided with one heart and form an annular space damping structure; Damping ring is radially removable in the plunger counterbore, when the slit is inhomogeneous between damping ring and damper rod, the hydraulic medium that flows through annular gap will produce difference along the flow velocity of annular gap girth, according to fluid mechanics principle, the pressure at annular gap place will produce difference, thereby makes damping ring at the diametric(al) unbalance stress, damping ring produces and moves, automatic compensation annular gap value is tending towards evenly annular gap, thereby guarantees annular gap damping structure and design-calculated conformability.
6, the utility model hydro-pneumatic buffer, be that removably is connected between damping ring and the plunger wherein, plunger can adopt lower material of price and simple job operation, damping ring adopts wear-resisting and resistant to elevated temperatures material, only need change damping ring when damping ring has been broken gets final product, need not plunger is more changed, thereby reduced cost of manufacture of the present utility model and use cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model structural representation
Fig. 2 is an A portion enlarged diagram among Fig. 1
Fig. 3 is a valve core structure scheme drawing in the utility model
Fig. 4 is the right TV structure scheme drawing of Fig. 3
The specific embodiment
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4, a kind of hydro-pneumatic buffer of the utility model is characterized in that it comprises:
Plunger 20, plunger 20 bottoms have a through hole 1, and plunger 20 inside are provided with a gas-liquid separator piston 14 plunger 20 inner chambers are divided into the air cavity 27 and second oil pocket 29; Plunger 20 inwalls are provided with spool 2 and the spool spacing ring 3 between plunger 20 bottoms and gas-liquid separator piston 14, are bearing fit between spool 2 and plunger 20 inwalls; 1 outlet of plunger through hole is the female cone face, and spool 2 has the male cone (strobilus masculinus) face that matches with plunger through hole 1 female cone face, and spool 2 along the circumferential direction is provided with some axially extending bores 31 equably, and spool 2 matches with plunger through hole 1 and forms unidirectional cone valve damping structure; Gas-liquid separator piston 14 adopts light material Magnesium aluminum alloy to improve its being quick on the draw property.
Be sheathed on the hydraulic cylinder body 5 on the plunger 20, hydraulic cylinder body 5 bottoms are fixedly connected with a column damper rod 4, form first oil pocket 32 between plunger 20 bottoms and hydraulic cylinder body 5 bottoms, hydraulic cylinder body 5 opening inwalls are recessed into a counterbore, be provided with seal ring 12 between hydraulic cylinder body 5 counterbores and the plunger 20 vertically successively, pressure ring 13, check ring 15 and end cap 18, end cap 18 is captiveed joint with cylinder body 5 by positioning wire 17,12 position-limiting actions of seal ring that 13 pairs of cylinder bodies of pressure ring and plunger are 20, be arranged with one stroke restriction steel wire 28 on the plunger 20, the stroke compression ring 13 of stroke limitation steel wire 28 and end cap 18 restrictions, further limit the relative travel of the relative cylinder body of plunger, end cap 18 guarantees cylinder body inner seal ring 12, the location of pressure ring 13 and check ring 15 and spacing to plunger, be provided with guidance tape 9 between plunger 20 and hydraulic cylinder body 5 inwalls, be provided with guidance tape 16 between end cap 18 and the plunger 20; Guidance tape can prevent that the rigidity that relatively moves from contacting;
Plunger through hole 1 inflow point has a counterbore, be provided with a damping ring 6 with circular hole in the plunger counterbore, be provided with cyclic spring rubber mount circle 8 between damping ring 6 and the plunger counterbore sidewall, plunger counterbore internal fixation has the trip ring 21 of pair damping ring 6 axial location, and column damper rod 4 and damping ring 6 are provided with one heart and form an annular space damping structure;
One is fixedly connected on the end cap 26 at plunger 20 tops, punching 23 before end cap 26 outsides are fixedly connected with, and end cap 26 is provided with the charge valve 25 that is used for inflating and preventing gas leakage in air cavity.
Three groups of minor diameter drainback passages 30 are set on plunger 20 inwalls, and drainback passage 30 ends are provided with spring and support unidirectional fuel-return valve 7.
Cylinder body 5 and preceding punching 23 are connected by anti-galvanic corrosion lead 24, cause plunger part point discharge to cause the energy disperser galvanic corrosion when preventing to have static between plunger and cylinder body.
Damper rod 4 is the swivel of curve for cylinder or cone or bus.
Spool 2 is made up of valve body 10 and core body 22, valve body 10 is a ring bodies, valve body 10 middle parts have a through hole, the axially extending bore 31 of spool is positioned on the valve body 10, valve body 10 adopts interference fit to be connected by the through hole at its middle part with core body 22, core body 22 head outside faces are the male cone (strobilus masculinus) face, and the material of valve body 10 is light aluminum alloys, and village's material of core body 22 is tempered steel.
Core body 22 heads are provided with a counterbore 11, make 22 one-tenth one cap bodies of core body shape.
The quantity of axially extending bore 31 is 4,5,6,7 or 8.
Core body 22 materials are 42MnMoV or 42CrMo or 42SiMn.
Be provided with dust ring 19 between plunger 20 and the end cap 18, dust ring 19 prevents that dust from entering energy disperser cylinder body 5 and removing the dust that is exposed to outside the plunger simultaneously when plunger 20 motions.
Be provided with the seal ring 21 that prevents gas leakage between plunger 20 and the end cap 26 and be used for end cap and plunger between the steady ring of locating.