CN200951999Y - Apparatus for producing biological diesel oil - Google Patents

Abstract

A biodiesel preparation device belongs to the technical field of chemical equipment. The device consists of methanol gasifier (1), esterification and transesterification reactor (23) connected with methanol gasifier (1) by pipeline (51) and three-way valve (8), (50), (46) ), the water vapor generator (24) connected with esterification and transesterification reactor (23) by pipeline (42) and two-way valve (45), through air pressure balance channel (27), pipeline (39) and two-way Valve (38) is connected with the oil-water separator (28) of water steam generator (24), and its lower part that is connected with oil-water separator (28) is equipped with two The biodiesel collector (31) of the through valve (36) is composed of a product biodiesel storage tank (34) connected to the biodiesel collector (31) through a pipeline (35) and a two-way valve (33). The utility model has the advantages of compact structure, low cost, good versatility, flexibility and environmental protection, and is suitable for raw materials of various qualities.

Description

A device for preparing biodiesel

Technical field:

The utility model relates to a biodiesel preparation device, which belongs to the technical field of chemical equipment. It is especially suitable for producing biodiesel with fatty acids, waste animal and vegetable oils with high acid value and neutral oils as raw materials.

Background technique:

Biodiesel is a long-chain fatty acid monoester prepared from renewable liquid raw materials (such as various animal and vegetable oils). Its composition is very similar to that of petrochemical diesel and can replace petrochemical diesel. Traditional petrochemical diesel is more than 50% lower, and it is a new type of renewable and environmentally friendly energy. With the two major problems of environmental protection and oil resource depletion being more and more concerned, biodiesel has become a hot spot in the research and development of new energy sources all over the world.

The production method of biodiesel is mainly the transesterification method, which requires the acid value of the raw material to be less than 1.0, and the raw material with high acid value must be treated with alkali refining or pre-esterification to reduce acidity. The production equipment mainly includes alkali refining or pre-esterification unit, transesterification unit, water washing unit, vacuum distillation unit, etc. The whole process is complicated, and the equipment used is bulky, complex in structure, high in energy consumption, large in discharge of three wastes, and polluting the environment. Larger, higher production costs. Moreover, most production equipment is only suitable for one or a few kinds of raw materials, and does not have a wide range of raw material applicability and device mobility.

Invention content:

The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a set of esterification device, transesterification device, methanol gasification device and steam distillation It is a mobile and general-purpose device for producing biodiesel from permanent oil and other raw materials.

The technical scheme of the utility model is:

The device consists of methanol gasifier (1), esterification and transesterification reactor (23) connected with methanol gasifier (1) by pipeline (51) and three-way valve (8), (50), (46) ), through the steam generator (24) connected to the esterification and transesterification reactor (23) through the pipeline (42) and the two-way valve (45), through the air pressure balance passage (27), the pipeline (39) and the two-way The oil-water separator (28) that the valve (38) is connected with the water steam generator (24) is connected with the oil-water separator (28). The biodiesel collector (31) of the through valve (36) is composed of a product biodiesel storage tank (34) connected to the biodiesel collector (31) through a pipeline (35) and a two-way valve (33); wherein:

a. The heater (2) is installed inside the methanol vaporizer (1), the methanol rectification column (6) is arranged on the top, and the left side of the methanol vaporizer (1) is provided with a three-way valve (8) and A condenser (11) connected by pipes, a methanol storage tank (5) connected by three-way valves (7) and (4) and a pipe (3), and a connecting pipe and a two-way valve (52) are provided at the outlet of the lower part;

B. esterification, the inside of transesterification reactor (23) is provided with heater (43), is connected with methanol vapor inlet (53) and the methanol vapor distributor (44) that check valve (54) is housed on it, its A baffle plate (21) with a stirring pump liquid inlet (22) is placed on the top, and a condenser ( 19), the left side of the top is provided with raw material grease storage tank (10), alkaline catalyst storage tank (14), acid catalyst storage tank connected by two-way valves (9), (13), (15) and pipelines respectively (16), the left side of esterification, transesterification reactor (23) is provided with the stirring pump (49) that is connected with pipeline, the by-product crude glycerol storage tank (48) that is connected with pipeline and three-way valve (47);

c. The interior of the steam generator (24) is provided with a heater (41), the top is provided with a two-way valve (26), and the bottom outlet is provided with a two-way valve (40);

d. The inside of the oil-water separator (28) is provided with a condensate outlet (37) connected to the condenser (29) through a pipeline, and a condenser (29) connected to the pipeline (25) is provided at the top.

The device of the utility model can not only use neutral oil as raw material, but also acid oil, swill oil and other catering industry waste oil or fatty acid as raw material to produce biodiesel. Simultaneously, the reactor of the utility model can also be used for the rectification of methanol, and recover the methanol in the aqueous methanol.

The utility model has the advantages of:

1. Integrating esterification unit, transesterification unit, methanol gasification unit and steam distillation unit, it has compact structure, high utilization rate and low cost.

2. The raw material methanol is recycled in the form of gas in the utility model, which improves the utilization rate of methanol; the esterification reaction continuously carries water, methanol rectification and gasification are organically combined in the utility model, and the water passes through the rectification equipment Stay in the methanol vaporizer outside the main esterification system to improve the efficiency of the esterification reaction and achieve the effect of continuous and rapid acid reduction.

3. Using steam distillation to refine biodiesel, avoiding the traditional water washing process and vacuum distillation, not only can obtain high-purity products, but also reduce the investment in pressure-resistant equipment and the energy consumption of by-product glycerin recovery.

4. The whole set of equipment is versatile and is suitable for various raw materials of different origins and qualities, namely various fatty acids, animal and vegetable oils with high acid value and various neutral oils.

5. The equipment has good flexibility and can be made into a movable small or medium-sized production device according to the supply of raw materials. It is easy to operate and can realize automatic control.

6. In the production process, basically no "three wastes" are discharged, which is environmentally friendly.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a methanol distributor (44).

The serial numbers in the figure are: 1-methanol vaporizer, 2-heater, 3-pipeline, 4-three-way valve, 5-methanol storage tank, 6-methanol rectification column, 7-three-way valve, 8-three-way valve One-way valve, 9-two-way valve, 10-raw material oil storage tank, 11-condenser, 12-pipeline, 13-two-way valve, 14-basic catalyst storage tank, 15-two-way valve, 16-acid catalyst storage Tank, 17-Two-way valve, 18-Two-way valve, 19-Condenser, 20-Two-way valve, 21-Baffle plate, 22-Agitation pump liquid inlet, 23-Esterification, transesterification reactor, 24- Steam generator, 25-pipeline, 26-two-way valve, 27-air pressure balance channel, 28-oil-water separator, 29-condenser, 30-air pressure balance channel, 31-biodiesel collector, 32-biodiesel discharge Port, 33-Two-way valve, 34-Product biodiesel storage tank, 35-Pipeline, 36-Two-way valve, 37-Condensate outlet, 38-Two-way valve, 39-Pipeline, 40-Two-way valve, 41- Heater two-way valve, 42-pipeline, 43-heater, 44-methanol vapor distributor, 45-two-way valve, 46-three-way valve, 47-three-way valve, 48-by-product crude glycerin storage tank, 49 -stirring pump, 50-three-way valve, 51-pipeline, 52-two-way valve, 53-methanol vapor inlet, 54-one-way valve.

Detailed ways:

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail.

Embodiment 1: Vegetable oleic acid is raw material preparation biodiesel

The operation process is: open the two-way valve (9), quantitatively add the raw materials in the raw material storage tank (10) into the reactor (23), start the stirring pump (49), and open the two-way valve (15) under constant stirring , the methanol solution of the acid catalyst in the acid catalyst storage tank (16) is quantitatively added in the reactor (23), and methanol in the methanol storage tank (5) is added to the methanol gasification reactor (4) through the three-way valve (4) simultaneously 1) in. Regulate three-way valve (7,8,46,50) and two-way valve (17,18,20,45) respectively, open heater (2,43), the temperature in the control reactor (23) remains on 100 ± 5 ℃ and the temperature in the reactor (1) are kept on 60～70 ℃, make the material in the reactor (23) and the reactor (1) form following cycle: the methanol vapor that methanol gasification reactor (1) produces from Methanol rectification column (6) comes out, through pipeline (51), enters in the methanol vapor distributor (44) through methanol vapor inlet (53), and the methanol vapor is evenly distributed by the check valve (54) on the methanol vapor distributor. into the reactor (23) to carry out esterification reaction with the fatty acid, the water produced is in the form of steam and unreacted methanol vapor passes through the pipeline (12) to the condenser (11), and the condensed water-containing methanol returns to the methanol Gasification reactor (1). In this way, the water produced by the esterification reaction is continuously removed, so that the esterification reaction can be carried out continuously and rapidly. When the esterification reaction reaches the requirements (the esterification rate reaches more than 99%), turn off the heater (2, 43) and the stirring pump (49), adjust the three-way valve (8) and make the remaining methanol vapor pass through the condenser (11) to reclaim into the methanol gasification reactor (1). The material in the esterification and transesterification reactor (23) is placed for a period of time, and after stratification, the catalyst in the lower floor is discharged into the glycerol storage tank (48) through the three-way valve (47). After material separation, close the three-way valve (47), adjust the three-way valve (46) and two-way valve (17, 18, 20, 45) at the same time, open the heater (41, 43), and control the reactor (23) The temperature in the reactor (23), the steam generator (24), the oil-water separator (28) and the biological The material in the diesel collector (31) forms the following circulation: the water vapor produced by the steam generator (24) enters the esterification and transesterification reactor ( 23), and the fatty acid methyl ester is taken out, and reaches the condenser (29) through the pipeline (25), and the condensed water-oil mixed liquid enters the oil-water separator (28) through the condensate outlet (37), realizing oil and water The separation of lower floor water is returned to steam generator (24) through pipeline (39). By the circulation of steam, the high-purity fatty acid methyl ester is constantly taken to the oil-water separator (28), and enters the biodiesel collector (31) through the pipeline (32), where further oil-water separation is carried out, and the final high-purity Fatty acid methyl esters, i.e. biodiesel, are continuously collected in the product storage tank (34) through a valve (33).

In this embodiment, the input amount of raw materials is 100 kg, the input amount of acidic catalyst sulfuric acid is 1 kg, the esterification reaction time is 110 minutes, and the esterification rate reaches 99.54%. The crude product is purified by steam distillation, the yield is 99.86%, and the product purity is 99.96%.

Example 2: Preparation of biodiesel by using waste oil from catering industry as raw material

Waste oil from the catering industry (acid value 163.0) is a raw material with high acid value. The operation process for preparing biodiesel from high acid value raw material is: the process of esterification and acid reduction is the same as that of Example 1. When the acid value is less than 5.0, turn off the heater (2, 43) and the stirring pump (49), adjust the three-way valve (8) so that the remaining methanol vapor is recycled to the methanol gasification reactor (1) through the condenser (11) . The material in the reactor (23) is allowed to stand for stratification. After the stratification, the lower layer of catalyst and a small amount of glycerin are discharged into the glycerol storage tank (48) through the three-way valve (47). After the separation of materials, close the three-way valve (47), and simultaneously adjust the three-way valve (4, 46, 50) to quantitatively add the methanol in the methanol storage tank (5) to the reactor (23) through the pipeline (3), And adjust two-way valve (17,18,20,45), make esterification, transesterification reactor (23) become a reflux device. Start the stirring pump (49), under constant stirring, the basic catalyst methanol solution in the basic catalyst storage tank (14) is added in the reactor (23) by the two-way valve (13), start the heater (43) , control the temperature of the material in the reactor (23) between 60～70°C, the methanol vapor produced is condensed back to the reactor (23) through the reflux condensation column (19), and the raw material is continuously esterified in the reactor (23). exchange reaction. Stop heating and stirring when the transformation rate of raw material reaches requirement (more than 90%), leave standstill stratification, lower floor (glycerin layer) is discharged in the glycerol storage tank (48) by three-way valve (47), for Glycerin is recovered. The refining process of the upper layer (methyl ester layer) material crude product biodiesel is the same as that of Example 1.

The input amount of raw materials in this embodiment is 100 kg, the input amount of acidic catalyst sulfuric acid is 0.5%, and the input amount of basic catalyst potassium hydroxide is 0.4 kg. The acid reduction time of esterification is 120 minutes, the acid value is reduced from 163.0 to 1.8, the transesterification reaction time is 90 minutes, and the conversion rate is 94.06%. The crude product is refined by steam distillation, and the yield is 93.57%, and the product purity is 99.38%. .

Embodiment 3: rapeseed oil is raw material preparation biodiesel

Rapeseed oil is a neutral vegetable oil, and the operation process of preparing biodiesel with neutral oil as raw material is as follows: neutral oil can be directly subjected to transesterification reaction, and the transesterification process is the same as the transesterification operation process in implementation 2. The refining of crude product The process is the same as the refining process of Implementation 1 and Implementation 2.

The input amount of the raw material in this embodiment is 100 kg, and the input amount of the basic catalyst is 1 kg. The transesterification reaction time is 120 minutes, the conversion rate is 94.89%, the crude product is refined by steam distillation, the yield is 94.27%, and the product purity is 99.04%.

Implementation 4: For methanol rectification

The operation process of methanol rectification is: when fatty acid and high acid value oil are used as raw materials to produce biodiesel, the water produced in the esterification process is brought to the methanol gasifier (1), when the water in it accumulates to a certain extent It is necessary to separate methanol and water and recover methanol. The specific operation process is: adjusting the three-way valve (7, 8) to change the reactor (1) into a methanol rectification device. Start the heater (2), through the action of the methanol rectifying column (6), the methanol vapor is condensed by the condenser (11) and then recovered in the methanol storage tank (5), realizing the purification of methanol, and the remaining water after methanol purification is passed through Outlet (52) discharges.

Claims (1)

1. A device for preparing biodiesel, characterized in that the device consists of methanol gasifier (1), through pipeline (51) and three-way valve (8), (50), (46) and methanol gasifier ( 1) connected esterification, transesterification reactor (23), the steam generator (24) that is connected with esterification, transesterification reactor (23) by pipeline (42) and two-way valve (45), by air pressure The oil-water separator (28) connected to the balance channel (27), the pipeline (39) and the two-way valve (38) and the steam generator (24), through the air pressure balance channel (30), the biodiesel discharge port (32) and the A biodiesel collector (31) with a two-way valve (36) at its lower part connected to the oil-water separator (28), a product connected to the biodiesel collector (31) through a pipeline (35) and a two-way valve (33) The biodiesel storage tank (34) consists of; wherein: a. The heater (2) is installed inside the methanol vaporizer (1), the methanol rectification column (6) is arranged on the top, and the left side of the methanol vaporizer (1) is provided with a three-way valve (8) and A condenser (11) connected by pipes, a methanol storage tank (5) connected by three-way valves (7) and (4) and a pipe (3), and a connecting pipe and a two-way valve (52) are provided at the outlet of the lower part; B. esterification, the inside of transesterification reactor (23) is provided with heater (43), is connected with methanol vapor inlet (53) and the methanol vapor distributor (44) that check valve (54) is housed on it, its There is a baffle plate (21) on the stirring pump liquid inlet (22), and a condenser (19) connected by two-way valves (17), (18), (20) and pipes (12), (25) on the top. ), the left side of the top is provided with respectively two-way valve (9), (13), (15) and the raw material grease storage tank (10) that pipeline connects, basic catalyst storage tank (14), acid catalyst storage tank (16 ), the left side of esterification and transesterification reactor (23) is provided with the stirring pump (49) that is connected with pipeline, the by-product crude glycerol storage tank (48) that is connected with pipeline and three-way valve (47); c. The interior of the steam generator (24) is provided with a heater (41), the top is provided with a two-way valve (26), and the bottom outlet is provided with a two-way valve (40); d. The interior of the oil-water separator (28) is provided with a condensate outlet (37) connected to the condenser (29) through a pipeline, and a condenser (29) connected to the pipeline (25) is provided at the top.

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