CN1997828A - Assembled nut and method for the production thereof - Google Patents

Assembled nut and method for the production thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1997828A
CN1997828A CNA2005800178520A CN200580017852A CN1997828A CN 1997828 A CN1997828 A CN 1997828A CN A2005800178520 A CNA2005800178520 A CN A2005800178520A CN 200580017852 A CN200580017852 A CN 200580017852A CN 1997828 A CN1997828 A CN 1997828A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
platen
nut
nut body
assembling
drive part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CNA2005800178520A
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Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN1997828B (en
Inventor
曼弗雷德·福格尔
埃瓦尔德·贝希勒
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Neumayer Tekfor GmbH
Original Assignee
Neumayer Tekfor GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Neumayer Tekfor GmbH filed Critical Neumayer Tekfor GmbH
Publication of CN1997828A publication Critical patent/CN1997828A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1997828B publication Critical patent/CN1997828B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21KMAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00Making machine elements
    • B21K1/64Making machine elements nuts
    • B21K1/70Making machine elements nuts of special shape, e.g. self-locking nuts, wing nuts
    • B21K1/702Clinch nuts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B39/00Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
    • F16B39/02Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place after screwing down
    • F16B39/12Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place after screwing down by means of locknuts
    • F16B39/16Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place after screwing down by means of locknuts in which the screw-thread of the locknut differs from that of the nut
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B41/00Measures against loss of bolts, nuts, or pins; Measures against unauthorised operation of bolts, nuts or pins
    • F16B41/002Measures against loss of bolts, nuts or pins
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B23/00Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool
    • F16B23/0061Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool with grooves, notches or splines on the external peripheral surface designed for tools engaging in radial direction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B43/00Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49948Multipart cooperating fastener [e.g., bolt and nut]

Abstract

The invention relates to both assembled nuts and methods for producing the same. Said nuts consist of a nut body (1a) and a pressure plate (2a). The nut body comprises a drive part, such as a polygonal part, for engaging with a tool, and an abutment region that can be brought into contact with the supporting surface of the pressure plate arranged on the nut body in a captive manner, when the nut is tightened. Said pressure plate comprises a central recess (6) in which a collar formed on the nut body as a single component at least partially extends in the axial direction. Said collar comprises a moulded part for forming a captive connection, said moulded part partially radially covering the thrust pad or engaging with the same at the rear thereof.

Description

Assembling nut and the method that is used to make assembling nut
Technical field
The present invention not only relates to assembling nut but also relates to the method that is used to make assembling nut, described assembling nut is made up of nut body and platen, wherein nut body have a drive part that is used for instrumental purpose as one polygonal and zone that reclines, this zone that reclines contacts tightening the supporting surface that Shi Keyu can not be arranged on the platen on the nut body with losing, this platen has a center hole, one at neck shaft integrally formed on the nut body in extending to this hole at least in part, wherein, in order to form a kind of connection of losing, described neck has a forming part, and this forming part partly radially covers in other words from back side interlocking pressure ring.
Background technique
In such assembling nut, as they by DE-Osen 4307090 and 19650453 known and be used in particular for the axle that wheel or wheel rim are fixed on automobile gone up and be used on the commercial vehicle especially, before assembling with nut body, described platen is by cold forming, back to back turning and modified manufacturing the subsequently.Nut body itself has a hexagon drive part, as in the DIN standard to the regulation of nut.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, can more advantageously make such assembling nut, reduce and optimize the quantity of manufacturing process and reduce materials consumption.To improve transferable torque in addition, keep or improve other important operating characteristic simultaneously.
The present invention reaches at least a portion purpose at first in this wise, promptly sets, when making platen, cancellation cold forming, turning and modified, and the substitute is, before assembling, make described platen reach its net shape by means of unique molding procedure with nut body.According to another feature of the present invention, molding procedure is carried out with the form of a hot pressing at this, and this hot pressing can carry out in a multistage mould.Feature according to hot pressing of the present invention also is, it includes only an one-time heating operation, particularly advantageous can be this moment, targetedly or controllably platen cooled off after thermoforming, wherein can cool off platen in a preset time-temperature-field.Cooling by carrying out simultaneously from the heating of using molding procedure thus can produce a kind of for example tissue of the platen of " modified " of an independent heat treatment that is equivalent to.
In a kind of such manufacture method, particularly make in the manufacture method of a platen according to method of the present invention, not only can cancel cold forming and turning, but also can cancel modifiedly, this has saved cost significantly with respect to manufacture method so far on the whole.
Cooling can for example be carried out by means of air and/or carry out under the situation that adopts a kind of liquid medium at least in part targetedly.
Reach a kind of and be similar to modified characteristic by cooling targetedly, that is a kind of strength of materials and the corresponding organization structure that can compare with the modified intensity of so far manufacture method, a distinctive modified operation is set in manufacture method so far.Therefore this and modified is not to realize by an additional heating process near characteristic of equal value at least, but is reaching from the cooling of a thermoforming operation, and this thermoforming operation is essential for moulding anyway.As mentioned above, assembling nut of the present invention is characterised in that it is without undergoing cold forming, without undergoing cutting and without undergoing distinctive drawing process.
Therefore according to the present invention, after a heating process, in unique molding procedure,, in a multistage mould, reach the following profile of described platen promptly by means of once unique heating:
External diameter;
Away from the zone that reclines of nut body, this reclines that the zone also can constitute concave surface and is used to abut in wheel rim;
Center hole together with its be used for on the platen retention nut towards the regional radially enlarged profile of reclining of platen, it is recessed that this profile for example can coning enlarge or constitute side;
Be provided for the reclining supporting surface of nut body, this supporting surface can constitute conical convex surface and its tapering can be steeper than the tapering in the zone that reclines;
Transition region between supporting surface and external diameter
And be similar to modified characteristic by cooling off to reach targetedly.
What meet purpose especially can be that described platen is had than 34 CrMo that are generally used for such platen by a kind of 4The steel of higher carbon content is made, promptly for example by 42 CrMo 4Constitute, it is significantly not expensive in first kind at least.
According to other feature of the present invention, can improve assembling nut and reach the purpose scope that starts described type at least, that is for example improve transferable torque, reach a kind of uniform surperficial pressure-bearing figure and a kind of better moment distribution during this external fastening nut, this moment distribution for example can reach by the uniform distribution of material on polygonal and even reduce cost by the material consumption that reduces.
According to the favourable further formation of the present invention, the assembling nut of described type can have and is less than six, six or more than six power effect element, for example act on boss or acting surface, but in general described drive part, just described nut body has six power effect elements, according to one of feature of the present invention, these power effect elements are different from the hexagon of standard of the DIN defined of a nut as being used for.This with whether adopt that to be less than six, six or more a plurality of power effect element irrelevant, favourable can be that described drive part is outer round exterior feature, for example hexagonal, anise or other an outer round exterior feature.The outer round exterior feature of these nut portion also can have the shape of a Torx  type exterior feature or the type exterior feature of a similar Torx .Torx  type type exterior feature wide or similar Torx  is only used in conjunction with screw so far, exactly is interior type exterior feature or the external form exterior feature on screw head.Therefore the present invention relates to the nut of the type exterior feature that has outer round exterior feature such as Torx  or similar Torx  on the whole in addition, and especially in assembling nut.Nut with outer round exterior feature or Torx  or similar Torx  type exterior feature of the present invention is characterised in that they do not connect the straight side of each axially extended corner angle, but has fillet and have radially indentation or axially extended groove in the middle of their.This type exterior feature has been guaranteed the effect of improvement of reduction, the instrument of obviously bigger transmission of torque, radial force with respect to comparable multiangular exterior feature, because produced a kind of uniform significantly more surperficial pressure-bearing figure when tightening.Because this shape causes instrument to be felt relieved better, just in fact drive all for example six elements.Not this situation in the hexagon of a standard, only on two or three faces, feel relieved because instrument is general therein.
If replace the outer round exterior feature of a hexagonal, and adopt for example outer round exterior feature of an anise, then except that above-mentioned advantage, can also save cost of material, because under the situation that keeps approximately uniform at least this class feature, can also reduce external diameter, according to the present invention, the ratio that can make the external diameter of drive part and internal diameter is less than 1.3, and for example one is in less than the ratio between 1.3 to 1.18, therefore than must use the material that also lacks in the comparable Torx  of standard.
Particularly advantageous in addition can be that the assembling nut that particularly starts described type is provided with Shi Erjiao.
Description of drawings
To illustrate in greater detail the present invention by accompanying drawing 1 to 8.Wherein:
Fig. 1 presses the sectional drawing of the line I-I intercepting of Fig. 2 by the assembling nut of prior art,
The plan view of the assembling nut that Fig. 2 is such;
Fig. 3 assembling nut of the present invention is pressed the sectional drawing of the line III-III intercepting of Fig. 4,
The plan view of this assembling nut of Fig. 4;
Fig. 5 presses the sectional drawing of the line V-V intercepting of Fig. 6 by another kind of assembling nut of the present invention,
The plan view of the nut that Fig. 6 is such;
Fig. 7 presses the sectional drawing of the line VII-VII intercepting of Fig. 8 by another embodiment of the present invention,
Fig. 8 is again a plan view.
Embodiment
As described at DE-OS 19650453, assembling nut by the prior art of Fig. 1 and 2 has a nut body 1, can not fix a pressure body 2 thereon, wherein nut body has a drive part that is used for instrumental purpose with losing, and this drive part constitutes hexagonal 3.Nut body 1 also has an abutment face 4, and this abutment face contacts tightening the supporting surface 5 that Shi Keyu can not be arranged on the platen 2 on the nut body with losing.This platen has a center hole 6, a neck integrally formed on nut body 7 axially extends in this hole at least in part, wherein, in order to form a kind of connection that can not lose, neck has the forming part 8 of expansion section 11 shapes, and this forming part partly radially covers in other words from back side interlocking pressure ring.
Before assembling with nut body 1, at first make described platen by cold forming, and then at least supporting surface 5 and platen are carried out turning processing in order to the zone 9 that reclines that is bearing on the wheel rim.Then, in the prior art by 34 CrMo 4The platen that constitutes carries out modified.After platen 2 and nut body 1 assembling, the neck 8 radially outwards expansion that has the diameter littler than center hole at first is fixed on platen on the nut body then.
Part or profile identical or equivalence are provided with identical basic reference character in Fig. 3 to 8.
Platen 2a, the 2b of Fig. 3 to 8 and 2c all by a kind of have than steel by the higher carbon content of the platen of prior art and Fig. 1 and 2 constitute, advantageously by 42 CrMo 4Constitute.These platens 2a, 2b and 2c are by means of unique molding procedure, meet the destination and reach its final shape by means of a hot pressing, exactly meet the destination in a multistage continuous mould, wherein hot pressing comprises an one-time heating operation, this moment thermoforming after according to a preset time-temperature-field targetedly or controllably platen is cooled off and so cooling by carrying out targetedly from the heating of molding procedure, using, produce a kind of platen tissue that is equivalent to once " modified ".Should be by targetedly can be by means of air or by adopting a kind of liquid medium to realize at least in part with controlled cooling.
In molding procedure, in unique molding procedure,, and in a multistage mould, make the following profile of platen promptly by once unique heating:
-external diameter 10;
-away from the zone 9 that reclines of nut body, described platen abuts on the wheel rim with this zone that reclines and this zone that reclines also can constitute conical, that is concave surface;
-center hole is used for platen is remained on the nut towards the regional 9 radially enlarged profiles 11 of reclining of platen 2 together with it;
The supporting surface 5 of-nut body that is provided for reclining, this supporting surface can constitute conical or convex surface and its tapering can be steeper than the tapering that is arranged on the zone 9 that reclines;
-transition region between supporting surface 5 and external diameter 10.
By once cooling targetedly behind shaping die or therein, can reach and be equivalent to modified operating characteristic.
According to further formation of the present invention, for this measure Fig. 3 to 8 is an example, press Fig. 3, nut body 1 constitutes the functional element 12a of six outer round profile formulas.This relates to a kind of type exterior feature that accords with or be different from or be similar to " Torx " .
The power effect element 12b that has eight outer round profile formulas by the nut body of Fig. 5 and 6.Outer diameter A bWith internal diameter B bRatio less than in the ratio among the embodiment of Fig. 3 and 4, that is less than 1.3, and in Fig. 3 and 4, outer diameter A aWith internal diameter B aRatio be about 1.35.
Among Fig. 7 and 8, functional element 12c constitutes 12 jiaos and outer diameter A cWith internal diameter B cRatio less than 1.2.
According to another step of the present invention, before assembling with nut body, with platen in an instrument or directly in finishing on the edge 13 at central opening at least before the assembling tool, this edge can come in contact with nut body when tightening, but makes an issuable there burr distortion at least.

Claims (20)

1. be used to make a kind of method of the assembling nut of forming by nut body that can reverse relative to each other and platen, described assembling nut has the drive part such as the polygonal and zone that reclines that are used for instrumental purpose, this zone that reclines can contact with the supporting surface that can not be arranged on the platen on the nut body with losing, this platen has a center hole, one at neck shaft integrally formed on the nut body in extending to this hole at least in part, wherein, in order to form the connection that to lose, described neck has a forming part, this forming part partly radially covers in other words from back side interlocking pressure ring, it is characterized in that, before assembling, make described platen reach its net shape by means of unique molding procedure with nut body.
2. especially in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described molding procedure is a hot pressing.
3. especially in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in a multistage continuous mould, carry out hot pressing.
4. especially according to the described method of one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described hot pressing comprises an one-time heating operation.
5. especially according to the described method of one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that (controllably) cooled off platen targetedly after thermoforming.
6. especially according to the described method of one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, in a preset time-temperature-field, platen is cooled off.
7. especially according to the described method of one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that,, produce a kind of for example platen tissue of " tempering " of an independent heat treatment that is equivalent to by the cooling of carrying out targetedly from the heating of molding procedure, using.
8. especially according to the described method of one of claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that, cool off targetedly by means of air.
9. especially according to the described method of one of claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that, cool off targetedly adopting at least in part under a kind of liquid medium situation.
10. especially according to the described method of one of claim 1 to 9, it is characterized in that, in unique molding procedure, for example in a multistage mould, promptly utilize once unique heating to make the annular platen matrix and the following profile of described platen:
-external diameter;
-away from nut body, be provided for abutting in the zone that reclines on the wheel rim, this zone that reclines also can constitute concave surface;
-center hole;
-be used for platen is remained on the nut towards the regional radially enlarged profile that reclines;
The supporting surface of-the nut body that is provided for reclining, this supporting surface can constitute conical convex surface and its tapering can be steeper than the tapering in the zone that reclines;
-transition region between supporting surface and external diameter.
11. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described assembling nut, it is characterized in that described platen is had than 34 CrMo by a kind of especially 4The steel of higher carbon content is made.
12. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described assembling nut, it is characterized in that described platen is by 42 CrMo especially 4Constitute.
13. the assembling nut of forming by nut body that can reverse relative to each other and platen, comprise a drive part such as the polygonal and zone that reclines that is used for instrumental purpose, this zone that reclines can contact with the platen that can not be arranged on the nut body with losing, this platen has a center hole, one at neck shaft integrally formed on the nut body in extending to this hole at least in part, wherein, in order to form the connection that to lose, described neck has a forming part, and this forming part partly radially covers in other words from back side interlocking pressure ring; It is characterized in that the drive part of described nut body has and is less than six, six or more a plurality of power effect element, and described drive part has six power effect elements that are different from standard hex.
14. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described assembling nut, it is characterized in that especially described drive part is an outer round exterior feature.
15. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described assembling nut, it is characterized in that described drive part has 8 power effect elements especially.
16. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described assembling nut, it is characterized in that described drive part has 12 power effect elements especially.
17. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described assembling nut, it is characterized in that described drive part has the type exterior feature of a Torx  or similar Torx  especially.
18. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described assembling nut, it is characterized in that the external diameter of described drive part and the ratio of internal diameter are less than 1.3 especially.
19. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described assembling nut, it is characterized in that the external diameter of described drive part and the ratio of internal diameter are less than 1.2 especially.
20. especially according to one of aforesaid right requirement described assembling nut, it is characterized in that, its platen with nut body assembling before in an instrument or directly in finishing on the edge 13 at central opening at least before the assembling tool, this edge can come in contact with nut body when tightening, but makes an issuable there burr distortion at least.
CN2005800178520A 2004-04-07 2005-04-06 Method for the production of assembled nut Expired - Fee Related CN1997828B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004016979 2004-04-07
DE102004016979.9 2004-04-07
PCT/DE2005/000612 WO2005098246A1 (en) 2004-04-07 2005-04-06 Assembled nut and method for the production thereof

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1997828A true CN1997828A (en) 2007-07-11
CN1997828B CN1997828B (en) 2011-11-30

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2005800178520A Expired - Fee Related CN1997828B (en) 2004-04-07 2005-04-06 Method for the production of assembled nut

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US7862440B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1997828B (en)
BR (1) BRPI0509677B1 (en)
DE (1) DE112005001463A5 (en)
FR (1) FR2868716B1 (en)
IT (1) ITMI20050562A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005098246A1 (en)

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CN103821813A (en) * 2012-11-16 2014-05-28 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 Nut assembly with gasket
CN104785694A (en) * 2014-01-21 2015-07-22 矢崎总业株式会社 Manufacturing method of press-in component and press-in component manufactured through manufacturing method
CN106414103A (en) * 2014-03-03 2017-02-15 伯兰发展有限公司 Fastening element
CN106414103B (en) * 2014-03-03 2019-11-19 伯兰发展有限公司 Tightening member
CN106715930A (en) * 2014-09-18 2017-05-24 马克西昂轮毂德国控股公司 Nut, in particular wheel or axle nut, washer, control device for wheel or axle nuts in vehicles and vehicle provided therewith
CN106311957A (en) * 2016-10-31 2017-01-11 绍兴文理学院 Butterfly nut and production technique and stamping device for same
CN106311957B (en) * 2016-10-31 2018-10-30 绍兴文理学院 A kind of wing nut and its production technology, decompressor
CN108749478A (en) * 2018-08-13 2018-11-06 天津龙创世纪汽车设计有限公司 A kind of wheel installation bolt structure

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BRPI0509677B1 (en) 2018-05-02
ITMI20050562A1 (en) 2005-10-08
FR2868716B1 (en) 2011-03-11
US20080022505A1 (en) 2008-01-31
US20110070052A1 (en) 2011-03-24
BRPI0509677A (en) 2007-10-09
CN1997828B (en) 2011-11-30
WO2005098246A1 (en) 2005-10-20
DE112005001463A5 (en) 2007-05-24
US7862440B2 (en) 2011-01-04
FR2868716A1 (en) 2005-10-14

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