CN1997086B - Implementation method of automatic repeat call trial in the soft switch network - Google Patents
Implementation method of automatic repeat call trial in the soft switch network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention discloses one realization method for automatic repeat calling in flexible exchange network, which comprises the following steps: in repeating, the flexible exchange updates and selects relay circuit and establishes one cross and to align new real-time transmission agreement RTP materials when the selected relay circuit in one relay gate and using original relay circuit and when the RTP is connected with calls to send out calls by use of repeated relay circuit; deleting original relay circuit adding relay circuit into cross to send out calls to original RTP materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fixed network communications field, relate in particular at flexible exchanging network and traditional PSTN (PSTN, Public Switched Telephone Network) during network interworking, runs into abnormal conditions in the call establishment and carry out the implementation method of automatic repeatattempt.
Background technology
In the traditional PSTN calling procedure, abnormal conditions can appear in the call establishment, and make call setup normally not go on.These unusual parts are because network or repeat circuit if select an interoffice junction circuit to make a call again in addition, still may can effectively improve the call completing rate that interexchange is called out with call through like this.Thisly reselect the repeat circuit process that continues of call try once more after unusual, be called automatic repeatattempt when call proceeding runs into.Cause the abnormal factors of automatic repeatattempt to have following several:
1. when detecting two-way simultaneous hold;
So-called simultaneous hold after being meant the foundation calling of an exchange use common channel signalling and sending the preliminary examination address message, is waiting for that the other side has received the preliminary examination address message of the other side's exchange again when responding.At this moment to judge that this exchange for whether master control of the circuit that takies, adopts circuit CIC odevity determination methods usually, the circuit that the master control even number that promptly signalling point is big is CIC number, the circuit that the little master control odd number of signalling point is CIC number.If certain exchange is not master control, it must abdicate this circuit, so that offer the incoming call that the other side initiates, oneself then needs to reselect another repeat circuit and makes a call, and carries out reattempt.
2. after sending address message and receiving that any back received block message before message;
Here emphasize not receive that any back is to determine not receive this address message before the other side is sending block message to message, the other side does not assert that this circuit is occupied, needs reattempt in this case.If received afterwards to message, both sides are clear and definite so, and the selected foundation of this circuit is called out, and block message can not influence this to be called out, and only influences later call setup.
3. after sending address message and after receiving certain, before message, receive reset circuit message;
This kind call case and situation 2 are similar, and different is to have received recovery message.The call setup of this initiation must discharge earlier in this case.Just do not need reattempt if receive the back to other message.
4. when the continuity check failure;
Continuity check is that common channel signalling uses two-way relaying inevitable, and signaling has been led to and do not represented that repeat circuit also leads to.Continuity check is exactly by signaling message control, to the repeat circuit test whether conducting is carried out.If obstructed, this repeat circuit is not useable for call proceeding, must reselect repeat circuit.
5. when during call setup, receiving irrational message.
Run into above five kinds of situations, the exchange User Part can start the automatic repeatattempt process, as far as possible with this call proceeding success.
Soft switch SS (softswitch) is as the calling of next generation network (NGN) and the core of control, the calling control with real-time service is provided and is connected control.It one very important function be and the intercommunication of traditional PSTN net to support relaying to insert.Trunk Media Gateway is exactly the conversion that is used for finishing Circuit Switching Network's side and IP Packet Based Network side Media Stream, finishes the call setup of Circuit Switching Network and IP network together with SGW under the control of soft switch, referring to Fig. 1.When set up calling out with traditional exchange office, the continuing of medium because the network difference also is divided into two parts, one is traditional PSTN net, another is an IP network.The NO.7 signaling transmits between soft switch and traditional exchange office by SGW (SG:signaling gateway).Soft switch is used NO.7 common channel signalling (as ISUP) to make a call and is notified selecting for use of the other side's interoffice junction circuit, finishes continuing of IP side medium by agreement control Tandem Gateway H.248/MGCP.
Here H.248 to be example, it is a kind of principal and subordinate's control protocol, and soft switch is main, Tandem Gateway be from.It uses destination node to describe the entity of initiation and receiving media stream, and destination node has the such physics destination node of repeat circuit, and the such temporary destination node of RTP (Realtime Transport Protocol, RTP) stream is also arranged.These destination nodes are to link together by related CTX (context), and association is exactly the combination that destination node connects formation each other.H.248 having defined some orders operates and manages related and destination node, be used in an association, increasing destination node as newly-increased (Add) order, deletion (Subtract) order is used for a destination node is separated from residing association, moves (Move) order destination node is transferred to another association from current association.
When soft switch and the foundation calling of traditional exchange office, need provide automatic repeatattempt equally to improve call completing rate.Usually the implementation method of reattempt generally is that the media resource that will take discharges, and reselects repeat circuit and allocation medium resource and initiates new calling.Simultaneous hold causes that common way also is that the resource that outbound call takies is all discharged under the non-master office reattempt situation, rebulids incoming call after the other side's address signal is received, and outbound call alternative circuit originally rebulids.
This method is used in traditional exchange office call setup and is fine, and just needs to be treated differently at flexible exchanging network.In fact cause several triggering reasons of reattempt all to occur in the PSTN side, little with the IP network side relation that the calling medium continue.If repeat circuit of reselecting in the reattempt and original repeat circuit in same Tandem Gateway, just can utilize the medium of the IP side of having set up to connect, do not need this part is connected and remove.In addition and during reattempt for two-way simultaneous hold, when discharging media resource, wait for discharge finish during, if choose this repeat circuit when having new outbound call to set up, can cause new simultaneous hold again.
Connect if can make full use of the medium of having set up in the IP network side, the selection on central relay road is carried out in same Tandem Gateway, and IP network and PSTN barrier are not treated, and can simplify the call proceeding step, raises the efficiency.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, the implementation method of automatic repeatattempt in a kind of flexible exchanging network is provided, and runs into the problem that abnormal conditions need automatic repeatattempt when solving flexible exchanging network and PSTN network interworking in call setup.
The invention provides the implementation method of automatic repeatattempt in a kind of flexible exchanging network, the selected repeat circuit of twice reattempt belongs to the situation of same Tandem Gateway during at the generation simultaneous hold, comprises the steps:
S1, soft switch set up in the process making a call, and judge simultaneous hold takes place and oneself be non-master office, then reselect repeat circuit TRK2, and the new related CTX2 of control Tandem Gateway establishment is the new real-time transmission protocol resource RTP2 of distribution in new association also;
S2, soft switch control Tandem Gateway moves to the former repeat circuit TRK1 that takies among the new related CTX2, utilizes the continue incoming call of master office initiation of former repeat circuit TRK1 that takies and new real-time transmission protocol resource RTP2;
S3, soft switch control Tandem Gateway move to the repeat circuit TRK2 that reselects among the former related CTX1, utilize new repeat circuit TRK2 and the former real-time transmission protocol resource RTP1 that selects to carry out reattempt.
Further, the former repeat circuit TRK1 that takies belongs to same Tandem Gateway described in repeat circuit TRK2 that reselects described in the step S1 and the step S2.
Further, step S1 further can be divided into:
After soft switch transmission initial address message makes a call, receive the initial address message of the other side's exchange again, judge simultaneous hold has taken place that the master office determination methods judges whether oneself is master office during according to simultaneous hold;
Soft switch is judged the generation simultaneous hold and oneself is non-master office, then reselects repeat circuit TRK2;
Soft switch sends the H.248 newly-increased Add message of agreement to Tandem Gateway, creates new related CTX2 at Tandem Gateway, repeat circuit TRK2 that adding is reselected and new RTP destination node RTP2 to be determined;
Tandem Gateway distributes real-time transmission protocol resource for newly-increased RTP destination node RTP2, to soft switch reply comprise RTP destination node IP address, the voice compression algorithm that is adopted and live transmission protocol port reply Reply message.
Further, step S2 further can be divided into:
Soft switch sends the H.248 mobile Move order of agreement to Tandem Gateway, and the former repeat circuit destination node that takies is moved in the new association;
Tandem Gateway is replied Reply message to what agreement was H.248 returned in soft switch, confirms to move successfully;
Soft switch utilize former repeat circuit that takies and new real-time transmission protocol resource to continue incoming call that master office initiates.
Further, step S3 further can be divided into:
Soft switch sends the H.248 mobile Move order of agreement to Tandem Gateway, and the repeat circuit of reselecting is moved in the former association, utilizes new repeat circuit and the former real-time transmission protocol resource of selecting to carry out reattempt;
After receiving that medium that Tandem Gateway returns are set up success message, the address signaling message that sends signalling system No.7 is to the other side's exchange, and statement takies concurrent out calling of the described repeat circuit of reselecting.
Further, step S1 further comprises:
Soft switch is set up in the process making a call, and judges simultaneous hold takes place and oneself to be master office, then abandons the initial address message IAM that is sent by exchange that receives, the continuation outbound call.
The present invention also provides the implementation method of automatic repeatattempt in a kind of flexible exchanging network, causes repeat circuit that reattempt selects for use and formerly takies the situation that repeat circuit belongs to same Tandem Gateway at non-simultaneous hold factor, comprises the steps:
A1, set up in the process making a call, when judging that non-simultaneous hold factor takes place causes reattempt, soft switch control Tandem Gateway is deleted former repeat circuit from the former association in place, keep the real-time transmission protocol resource in the former association;
A2, soft switch control Tandem Gateway increase the new repeat circuit of selecting in former association;
A3, soft switch send initial address message and initiate outbound call again to the other side's exchange.
Further, the new repeat circuit of selecting is to belong to same Tandem Gateway described in former repeat circuit described in the steps A 1 and the steps A 2.
Further, steps A 1 further can be divided into:
Soft switch sends deletion Subtract order to Tandem Gateway disabled former repeat circuit is deleted from former association, keeps the real-time transmission protocol resource in this former association;
After deleting successfully, Tandem Gateway is to soft switch echo reply Reply message.
Further, steps A 2 further can be divided into:
New repeat circuit is selected in soft switch, sends newly-increased Add command messages to Tandem Gateway, increases selected new repeat circuit destination node in former association;
After increasing successfully, Tandem Gateway is to soft switch echo reply Reply message.
The present invention has made full use of the characteristics that the media resource distribution is used in the flexible exchanging network, during reattempt, reselect repeat circuit, and keep original resource, make the realization of automatic repeatattempt easier, improve call proceeding efficient, reduced the possibility that simultaneous hold takes place in this call proceeding once more.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the network topological diagram of soft switch and the intercommunication of traditional exchange office;
Fig. 2 is that soft switch was set up flow chart as the medium of non-master office after simultaneous hold took place;
Fig. 3 is that non-simultaneous hold reason causes the medium of automatic repeatattempt to set up flow chart.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the network topological diagram of soft switch and the intercommunication of traditional PSTN exchange.The core control equipment of soft switch is called SS (softswitch, soft switch) in the figure, and SGW is called SG (SignalingGateway), and Tandem Gateway is called TG (Trunk Gateway).H.248/MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol is passed through in soft switch, MGCP) protocol command message control Tandem Gateway operation destination node, using the TUP/ISUP agreement to set up between soft switch and the traditional exchange office calls out, described Telephone User Part is Telephone User Part (telephone user part) agreement, and described ISDN User Part is ISDNYong Hubufen (ISDN user part) agreement.Using H.248 below, agreement and ISDN User Part illustrate the reattempt flow process as example.
In soft switch SS and traditional PSTN exchange intercommunication process,, use the automatic repeatattempt function for improving call completing rate if call setup has been failed.During reattempt, under most of situation, repeat circuit of reselecting and the original repeat circuit of selecting are in same Tandem Gateway, and therefore, this processing can obtain bigger improvement.Purpose of the present invention is exactly the characteristics at flexible exchanging network, provides to call out the short-cut method that medium are set up in a kind of reattempt process, improves the efficient of call proceeding, simplifies the call setup step.
The implementation method of automatic repeatattempt in the flexible exchanging network of the present invention belongs to the situation of same Tandem Gateway exactly at the repeat circuit of twice selection, comprise simultaneous hold situation and non-simultaneous hold situation:
First: for causing reattempt because of simultaneous hold occurring, soft switch will be responsible for the incoming call that the other side initiates continued as non-master office and finish, and reselects repeat circuit and initiate outbound call.Processing key in this case is reattempt when initiating new the calling, uses the RTP resource of originally having distributed, and only needs the new out repeat circuit of selecting, and uses original association, with the repeat circuit of choosing newly join former relevant in.For the original repeat circuit that soft switch is abdicated, then directly move in the newly-established association, together with the incoming call that continues of newly assigned RTP resource, need not discharge original repeat circuit.So can not be longer because of the dispose procedure time, cause and select this repeat circuit when other call setup is arranged again and cause simultaneous hold once more.
Second: the reattempt under other call abnormal situations that cause for non-simultaneous hold factor, soft switch only relates to a calling in this situation, if new repeat circuit of selecting and the original repeat circuit that uses are at same Tandem Gateway, original existing RTP resource can be used, and the RTP resource needn't be redistributed again.
In the present invention, for the repeat circuit of reselecting, the preferential repeat circuit of selecting under the same Tandem Gateway when reselecting.If same Tandem Gateway is other repeat circuit not optionally, that can only consider to select other Tandem Gateway, but existing RTP resource just can not have been used.When selecting repeat circuit, the Tandem Gateway at the repeat circuit place of reselecting can be known.
Fig. 2 explanation be simultaneous hold the time cause the call setup handling process of automatic repeatattempt.
After simultaneous hold occurring, soft switch is during as master control exchange, handles fairly simplely, only need abandon the initial address message IAM (Initial Address Message) of reception, continuation outbound call.
After simultaneous hold occurring, soft switch then at first will continue the incoming call that the other side initiates successfully during as non-master control exchange, and then, the calling alternative repeat circuit of self initiating rebulids.The RTP resource and the repeat circuit that used when making a call originally here do not discharge, former RTP resource is used for the new outbound call of reattempt, former repeat circuit is then directly selected for use by incoming call, has other callings to choose this repeat circuit after discharging in the middle of avoiding, and causes new simultaneous hold.
The process of call setup when below soft switch being handled simultaneous hold as non-master office, detailed process is described as follows:
Step 201: outbound call is initiated in soft switch, send newly-increased (Add) command messages to Tandem Gateway, in Tandem Gateway, create a related CTX1, and the destination node TRK1 of the out repeat circuit that in association, brings Selection In and RTP destination node, the RTP destination node remains Tandem Gateway and distributes here;
Step 202: the RTP Resources allocation RTP1 of Tandem Gateway for increasing, to soft switch echo reply (Reply) message, inform the voice compression algorithm of IP address, employing of this RTP1 destination node and RTP port etc.;
Step 203: after the correct response of Tandem Gateway was received in soft switch, to the initial address message (IAM) of called exchange transmission ISUP, notice took this repeat circuit, initiates outbound call;
Step 204: after soft switch sends initial address message, then,, show simultaneous hold to have occurred if received the initial address message that the other side's exchange sends about this repeat circuit.The determination methods of soft switch master office during according to simultaneous hold judges it oneself is the non-master office that is not, supposes that here soft switch judges that own is non-master office;
Step 205: if soft switch is judged the generation simultaneous hold and oneself is non-master office, the similar way that it will continue according to incoming call sends H.248 newly-increased (Add) message to Tandem Gateway, requirement is created a new related CTX2 at Tandem Gateway, adds new repeat circuit (TRK2) and new RTP destination node to be determined.The repeat circuit here is to select in addition, and it is to be the new repeat circuit of selecting of the out reattempt of soft switch;
Step 206: Tandem Gateway is the RTP Resources allocation RTP2 that increases newly, replys Reply message to soft switch, comprises the voice compression algorithm of IP address, employing of this RTP2 node and RTP port etc.;
Step 207: soft switch need be used for incoming call with original repeat circuit TRK1 among the related CTX1, use the repeat circuit TRK2 that reselects among the related CTX2 to initiate new outbound call, so it need exchange repeat circuit in two associations.Soft switch sends moves (Move) order, at first with among the new related CTX2 that original repeat circuit node TRK1 transfers to RTP2 gets in touch;
Step 208: Tandem Gateway is to soft switch echo reply (Reply);
Step 209: soft switch is ordered to move (Move) that H.248 Tandem Gateway sends again, and new repeat circuit node TRK2 is transferred among the former relevant CTX1 that gets in touch with RTP1;
Step 210: Tandem Gateway is to soft switch echo reply Reply;
Step 211: soft switch is respectively out and incoming call all is ready to medium and continues, and will resend the address signaling message of NO.7 for outbound call, and promptly initial address message IAM gives the other side's exchange, states to take this circuit.So far medium are rearranged, and continuing of back will be finished according to flow process commonly used, and this not exclusively lists again.
What Fig. 3 illustrated is the call setup handling process that non-simultaneous hold factor causes automatic repeatattempt.The reattempt that causes owing to other reason beyond the simultaneous hold only relates to a calling, and its flow process is simple a little, specifies as follows:
Step 301: soft switch makes a call, to Tandem Gateway transmission newly-increased (Add) message H.248, in Tandem Gateway, create a related CTX1, and the destination node TRK1 of the out repeat circuit that in association, brings Selection In and RTP destination node, the RTP destination node remains Tandem Gateway and determines here;
Step 302: the RTP Resources allocation RTP1 of Tandem Gateway for increasing, reply Reply message to soft switch, comprise the voice compression algorithm of IP address, employing of this RTP1 node and RTP port etc.;
Step 303: the initial address message (IAM) that sends ISUP after the correct response of Tandem Gateway to called exchange is received in soft switch, and notice takies this repeat circuit;
Step 304: after except that the simultaneous hold factor other taken place requiring the incident of automatic repeatattempt, this call proceeding here runs into unusually, and unusual type mainly is in traditional exchange office here, for the not influence of IP network side.Therefore soft switch need be reselected repeat circuit call attempt again, if selected repeat circuit and original repeat circuit at same Tandem Gateway, then the media resource that is distributed needn't discharge and can continue and utilize;
Step 305: soft switch is deleted disabled repeat circuit TRK1 to deletion (Subtract) order that H.248 Tandem Gateway sends from association, keep the RTP1 resource in this association, so just can save the step of resetting RTP1 Media Stream attribute;
Step 306: Tandem Gateway is to soft switch echo reply (Reply);
Step 307: new repeat circuit TRK2 is selected in soft switch, sends newly-increased (Add) message to Tandem Gateway, increases the destination node of this repeat circuit TRK2 in related CTX1;
Step 308: Tandem Gateway is to soft switch echo reply Reply;
Step 309: after the correct response of Tandem Gateway is received in soft switch, send the address signaling message of NO.7, promptly initial address message IAM utilizes new repeat circuit TRK2 that selects and the original resource RTP1 that distributes, again make a call for the other side's exchange, statement takies this circuit and makes a call.
Above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although reference example has been described in detail the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not breaking away from the spirit and scope of technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in right of the present invention and ask in the middle of the scope.
Claims (10)
1. the implementation method of automatic repeatattempt in the flexible exchanging network, the selected repeat circuit of twice reattempt belongs to the situation of same Tandem Gateway when simultaneous hold takes place, and it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
S1, soft switch set up in the process making a call, and judge simultaneous hold takes place and oneself be non-master office, then reselect repeat circuit, and the new association of control Tandem Gateway establishment is the new real-time transmission protocol resource of distribution in new association also;
S2, soft switch control Tandem Gateway moves to the former repeat circuit that takies in the new association, utilizes the continue incoming call of master office initiation of former repeat circuit that takies and new real-time transmission protocol resource;
S3, soft switch control Tandem Gateway move to the repeat circuit of reselecting in the former association, utilize new repeat circuit and the former real-time transmission protocol resource of selecting to carry out reattempt.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the former repeat circuit that takies is to belong to same Tandem Gateway described in repeat circuit of reselecting described in the step S 1 and the step S2.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, step S1 further can be divided into:
After soft switch transmission initial address message makes a call, receive the initial address message of the other side's exchange again, judge simultaneous hold has taken place that the master office determination methods judges whether oneself is master office during according to simultaneous hold;
Soft switch is judged the generation simultaneous hold and oneself is non-master office, then reselects repeat circuit;
Soft switch sends the H.248 newly-increased Add message of agreement to Tandem Gateway, creates new association at Tandem Gateway, repeat circuit that adding is reselected and new RTP destination node to be determined;
Tandem Gateway distributes real-time transmission protocol resource for newly-increased RTP destination node, to soft switch reply comprise RTP destination node IP address, the voice compression algorithm that is adopted and live transmission protocol port reply Reply message.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, step S2 further can be divided into:
Soft switch sends the H.248 mobile Move order of agreement to Tandem Gateway, and the former repeat circuit destination node that takies is moved in the new association;
Tandem Gateway is replied Reply message to what agreement was H.248 returned in soft switch, confirms to move successfully;
Soft switch utilize former repeat circuit that takies and new real-time transmission protocol resource to continue incoming call that master office initiates.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, step S3 further can be divided into:
Soft switch sends the H.248 mobile Move order of agreement to Tandem Gateway, and the repeat circuit of reselecting is moved in the former association, utilizes new repeat circuit and the former real-time transmission protocol resource of selecting to carry out reattempt;
After receiving that medium that Tandem Gateway returns are set up success message, the address signaling message that sends signalling system No.7 is to the other side's exchange, and statement takies concurrent out calling of the described repeat circuit of reselecting.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, step S1 further comprises:
Soft switch is set up in the process making a call, and judges simultaneous hold takes place and oneself to be master office, then abandons the initial address message IAM that is sent by exchange that receives, the continuation outbound call.
7. the implementation method of automatic repeatattempt in the flexible exchanging network causes repeat circuit that reattempt selects for use and formerly takies the situation that repeat circuit belongs to same Tandem Gateway at non-simultaneous hold factor, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A1, set up in the process making a call, when judging that non-simultaneous hold factor takes place causes reattempt, soft switch control Tandem Gateway is deleted former repeat circuit from the former association in place, keep the real-time transmission protocol resource in the former association;
A2, soft switch control Tandem Gateway increase the new repeat circuit of selecting in former association;
A3, soft switch send initial address message and initiate outbound call again to the other side's exchange.
8. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the new repeat circuit of selecting is to belong to same Tandem Gateway described in former repeat circuit described in the steps A 1 and the steps A 2.
9. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, steps A 1 further can be divided into:
Set up in the process making a call, when judging that non-simultaneous hold factor takes place causes reattempt, soft switch sends deletion Subtract order to Tandem Gateway disabled former repeat circuit is deleted from former association, keeps the real-time transmission protocol resource in this former association;
After deleting successfully, Tandem Gateway is to soft switch echo reply Reply message.
10. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, steps A 2 further can be divided into:
New repeat circuit is selected in soft switch, sends newly-increased Add command messages to Tandem Gateway, increases selected new repeat circuit destination node in former association;
After increasing successfully, Tandem Gateway is to soft switch echo reply Reply message.
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| US6839342B1 (en) * | 2000-10-09 | 2005-01-04 | General Bandwidth Inc. | System and method for interfacing signaling information and voice traffic |
| CN1561138A (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2005-01-05 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Call simultaneous preemptive removing method in distribution call processing system |
| CN1798137A (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2006-07-05 | 上海贝尔阿尔卡特股份有限公司 | Method for controlling soft exchange call, and soft exchange equipment |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6839342B1 (en) * | 2000-10-09 | 2005-01-04 | General Bandwidth Inc. | System and method for interfacing signaling information and voice traffic |
| CN1561138A (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2005-01-05 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Call simultaneous preemptive removing method in distribution call processing system |
| CN1798137A (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2006-07-05 | 上海贝尔阿尔卡特股份有限公司 | Method for controlling soft exchange call, and soft exchange equipment |
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| Title |
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