CN1996810A - A distributed wave division and fiber division optical switching system - Google Patents
A distributed wave division and fiber division optical switching system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1996810A CN1996810A CN 200610169816 CN200610169816A CN1996810A CN 1996810 A CN1996810 A CN 1996810A CN 200610169816 CN200610169816 CN 200610169816 CN 200610169816 A CN200610169816 A CN 200610169816A CN 1996810 A CN1996810 A CN 1996810A
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Abstract
This invention relates to distribution fiber light path exchange system, which adopts light path exchange system based on distribution points fulfill light path exchange to realize system inside key points, wherein, it adopts side pump with one fiber to compensate linkage damage new amplifier; it uses cheap and reliable photoelectron parts as attuning grating, array wave guide grating and cable fiber and wide band materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of distributed wave division and fiber division optical switching system, belong to the optical fiber telecommunications system technical field.
Background technology
To revolution only, optical communication is made up of optical transmission and light exchange two parts by electricity in communication, and present optical transport technology has reached high level.Because the cheap price of optical fiber, the optical communication technique of transmission capacity and develop rapidly greatly, Optical Fiber Transmission can satisfy the demand of society, even has surpassed the demand of current mankind.But exchange but is the exchange of electricity, and its exchange capacity is very limited, needs a large amount of high speed informations of optical transmission are become electricity earlier, is exchanged by router again, becomes light by electricity then, carries out the optical communication transmission of high-speed high capacity again.This is fabulous extremely wide highway just as people have built, and can run hundreds of several thousand even several ten thousand s' car, and the speed of a motor vehicle per hour can be hundreds of kilometer even several thousand kilometers.Do not have bridge but cross the river, people need to take advantage of ferry from the queuing that gets off at a high speed, and the speed of ferry and capacity are very limited, and people remove to take advantage of high speed car again after ferry arrives the opposite bank, and such traffic system is extremely unreasonable, and is unsafty.What people at first needed to solve is viaduct how to build highway, and this viaduct is exactly the exchange of light, we can say, communication has been carried out being less than half to the course of light by electricity, so light is exchanged into for the most popular in the world present research topic.
Research main flow in the light switching technology is at present:
1. the OPS that belongs to the light packet switching, light burst-switched OBS, signal exchange OLS, its purpose is to improve light path efficiency, but the realization of this technology must be a prerequisite with the maturation of the optical device of key, wherein topmostly having 1) the light exchange needs high-speed optical switch to realize, in order to realize jumbo exchange, even needs the optical switch matrix of big exchange capacity; 2) need identification and the processing that optical logic device is finished exchange message, for the blocking rate that reduces network requires that suitable light buffer device is arranged in the network.And research up to the present, and optical logic device is also very immature, can not finish complicated logical process function; The execution of control information can only be finished in electric territory, promptly head is believed in identification on electric territory, control the action of optical switch by the signal of telecommunication, therefore be not a kind of desirable full light exchange of real meaning, but the exchange of automatically controlled light is not restricted because it breaks away from the restriction of electronics " bottleneck " thereby its development and application.3) the present random asccess memory that does not also have full light can only be come the simulated light caching function by passive fiber delay line (FDL) or active optical fiber loop.The packet switch of therefore full light still needs to proceed number of research projects at present, from practicability quite remote distance is arranged.
2. be exchanged for main optical-fiber network with wavelength, up till now the ASON ASON from all optical network AON to optical transfer network OTN, people have carried out number of research projects, and have obtained certain progress.But ASON has continued to use the notion of concentrated exchange, guides the terminal of numerous optical fiber into exchange, and required optical switch component is very huge.If an every Optical Fiber Transmission n wavelength, total m root optical fiber then need m*n optical wavelength changer altogether, and switch arrays will be huger and complicated, and the technical barrier of automatically controlled preparative layer also is unprecedented.So the complexity of final ASON is with unprecedented, price also will be an astronomical figure.Therefore also in a short time can't practicability.
In addition, above-mentioned two kinds of light switch modes all do not solve the safety problem of network from structure.What need emphatically point out is, in the IP packet switching network, the receiver can not know originator's address code in real time, exactly, and this is the root that causes crime: be easy to generate that hacker attacks, viral prevalence, yellow are spread unchecked, junk information Cheng Shan, Internet gambling be in vogue; And, will make whole the Internet at a standstill the unusual time enemy to the attack of network.Obviously, this is not the network of an information security.So ecommerce can not be developed rapidly, also hindered the development of IP network self simultaneously on unsafe network.The speed of computer has reached the tens of TFlops of per second at present, is about to reach the magnitude of per second petaflops, and under high like this computational speed, the fire compartment wall of IP network and key will be deciphered rapidly.In future war, what cast the first stone between ourselves and the enemy will be the other side's network, and the safety of network is linked the safety of country, stablizing of society and further developing of information-intensive society.The vital document of China Central Military Commission can only be passed transmission by car at present, and efficient is extremely low, and is totally unfavorable to the national defense safety in future.
For overcoming the defective and the weak point of existing optical-fiber network switching technology, the invention provides the structural system and the design philosophy of a kind of " a kind of distributed wave division and fiber division optical switching system ".
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of distributed wave division and fiber division optical switching system.The present invention seeks to make full use of cheap optical fiber, broad wavelength resource and the various opto-electronic device that is dirt cheap, implementation structure is simply efficient, the switching architecture that autgmentability is strong and safety is healthy and strong.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
Adopt the light path exchanged form, set up connection end to end, the receiver determines originator's information and address;
Employing has the optical node of light path function of exchange, carries out distributed exchange, and each node all is reciprocity, does not have key node in the whole switching architecture;
The loss balancing mode that multifiber is amplified simultaneously;
Adopt wavelength-division and the fine multiplex mode that divides, the transmission bandwidth of a large amount of number of fibers and optical fiber in the existing optical cable of utilization;
Adopt exchange and signaling protocol;
Utilize array waveguide grating wavelength selector spare and linear wavelength shifter, carry out the fine granularity exchange.
Beneficial effect of the present invention;
Advantage is: based on light path exchange design, directly set up connection end to end, thereby in the fail safe that has fundamentally guaranteed the light path switching system; Adopt distributed node, finish the exchange and the Add/drop Voice Channel of light path, guarantee that whole switching system does not have crucial node, has guaranteed robustness at intranodal; Make full use of wavelength resources a large amount of in the optical fiber and the fiber resource in the optical cable, guaranteed the simple and extensibility of structure.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a light path switching system topological diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a light path switching system intra-node structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a concrete structure figure with four node distribution formula wave division fibre division optical switching networks.
Table 1 is the Wavelength Assignment of each node of the present invention.
The present invention further specifies below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
At first, adopt the light path exchanged form, set up connection end to end, thereby guarantee that the receiver can accurately determine originator's information and address in real time, therefore guarantee the safety of system from principle, avoided occurring the threat that existing networks such as hacker attacks, viral prevalence are difficult to eliminate; Secondly, employing has the optical node of light path function of exchange and has realized distributed function of exchange, each node all is reciprocity, there is not key node in the whole switching architecture, thereby raise the efficiency greatly, overcome decreased performance that centralized control caused in the legacy network and complex structure, more meet the requirement of " edge opinion ", the loss balancing mode that multifiber is amplified has reduced networking cost simultaneously; The 3rd, adopt wavelength-division and the fine multiplex mode that divides, make full use of the very big transmission bandwidth of a large amount of number of fibers in the existing optical cable and optical fiber, realized jumbo full light exchange in simpler more cheap mode, avoided the restriction of " electronic bottleneck "; The 4th, adopt comparatively simple exchange and signaling protocol, functions such as internodal normal, burst-switched of realization that can highly effective and safe and multicast have reduced the generation of blocking.The 5th, utilize array waveguide grating wavelength selector spare and linear wavelength shifter, can realize fine granularity function of exchange efficiently.
Technology of the present invention comprises:
1. this switching system adopts ring topology, can realize the dicyclo self-healing function.Arrange host node at diverse location, adopt multifiber to link to each other between each node, multiplexing again a plurality of wavelength channels in the every optical fiber, thereby the requirement of assurance switching system bandwidth.Can also draw a plurality of secondary nodes from each host node, secondary nodes can be drawn the next stage node again, thereby forms the structure of the little ring of big ring sleeve, to finish the exchange from backbone to the connecting system.As shown in Figure 1.All nodal function types are identical.For example on this ring of Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou, big city has 15, as shown in Figure 1, have in this trunk communication network: Beijing, Tianjin, Jinan, Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Foochow, Xiamen, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, Hengyang, Changsha, Wuhan, Shijiazhuang, each city are exactly an OXC optical node.Each host node is drawn a plurality of secondary nodes, and each secondary nodes is drawn the next stage node again.
2. distributed optical node has the function of exchange of optic fibre light path and wavelength light path, can be according to the foundation and the dismounting of signaling control access.The Wavelength Assignment way is that the position in switching architecture distributes one group of signaling to receive wavelength for each node according to the complexity of network and node, these wavelength all meet standard wave length's regulation of ITU-T, and do not repeat at the assigned wavelength of the node of same levels.Each node all has the ability of Add/drop Voice Channel.Every node has fixing reception wavelength, adopts the tunable fiber grating of corresponding centre wavelength to realize drop Voice Channel, and fiber grating can also be realized the function of dispersion compensation simultaneously.At some nodes, the light that has only regulation to receive wavelength could download to this locality by grating, and the light of its commplementary wave length is undertaken entering next node behind the dispersion compensation by another grating string, finishes the dispersion compensation of wave length routing and light signal.The internal structure schematic diagram of distributed optical node as shown in Figure 2, under the forward operating state, light signal enters node, amplify through EDFA, the reception wavelength of this node through and circulator
(CLT) download to this node behind the chirp grating dispersion compensation of Xiang Lianing, finish the reception of this node signal, grating herein plays the effect of optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) simultaneously.Remaining carries out entering wave multiplexer behind the dispersion compensation through corresponding chirp grating string with the signal that this node reception wavelength is not inconsistent, and exports forward ring next node to through the optical switch place; This node sends wavelength through behind the wave multiplexer, exports through optical switch.When loop break down link switchover appears and after, be that node is when being operated in the reverse operation state, signal enters node, amplify through EDFA, carry out the download of corresponding wavelength, finish the reception of this node signal, remaining wavelength enters coupler Q after the grating colour contamination of correspondence is loose compensation then, exports reverse ring next node to; This node emission wavelength, is exported through coupler Q to optical switch then through wave multiplexer.
3. if euclidean distance between node pair is far away, fiber amplifier should be set, adopt the cladding pumping structure, can obtain amplification simultaneously, be called the how fine technology of a pump multifiber and a plurality of wavelength with one or several pumping source; Specific implementation is to adopt the side coupled modes that the pump light injection fibre is intrafascicular, thereby amplifies when realizing multifiber.
At light path switching system node structure of the present invention, can support the multiple business mode.The signal that is downloaded to local node by optical add/drop multiplexer comprises following signal wavelength: conventional service wavelength, burst service wavelength (signaling and signal), multicast service wavelength, loop circuit state auxiliary judgment wavelength, finish conventional call out, happen suddenly calling, multicast service and system management function respectively, particular content is as follows:
(1) conventional professional, meaning what carry on the wavelength is normal speech data video service informations; Two nodes that conventional business is a system connect the transmission signal by point-to-point mode, corresponding to normal professional connection the between two big cities in the real network, and can transmitting high speed data in the channel.
(2) burst is called out, and is used to satisfy the needs of sensitive traffic or big capacity business; Burst service adopts the signaling handshake mechanism.The node that sends service request at first sends call request to the node that it desires to commence business, promptly send signaling to called node, after called node is received signaling, whether detect the burst wavelength occupied, if burst channel idle, then returning to the calling node and accept signaling, is the burst channel with the local reception channel configuration simultaneously; If the burst channel is occupied, then refuse call request.If both sides can shake hands successfully, then along with the foundation of Burst Channel is finished, burst service is just set up; After burst service finished, Burst Channel was removed.
(3) multicast service is mainly used in the business of some bandwidth intensive, is with many parts of the information reproductions of transmitting terminal and passes to a plurality of receiving terminals, promptly realizes some communication of multiple spot.The present invention is used as the multicast wavelength by each node place in the system is provided with unified wavelength, realizes multicast service.Each node can provide multicast service to other nodes as the originating end of multicast service.The foundation of multicast channel also realizes by signaling mechanism, if certain node is initiated multicast service, at first all the other nodes send signaling in net, notifies other node to prepare receiving group information; Each receiving terminal is carried out the node relevant configuration, returns signaling to sender node, and prepares receiving group information, sets up the multicast signal passage thus, realizes multicast service.
(4) loop circuit state auxiliary judgment wavelength is used for the monitoring of system light path state of the present invention, thereby provides foundation for system management.System management is the critical function of system node.The management of this wavelength switching system is with reference to the network management model of SNMP, and done suitable adjustment at the actual conditions of native system.The webmaster hardware components is made of PC and Duo Tai single-chip microcomputer, wherein PC is equivalent to network management workstation, and 1 host scm and 4 are common as the agency from single-chip microcomputer, and host scm is positioned near the work station, be distributed in four nodes from single-chip microcomputer, when realizing malfunction monitoring, adopt the mode of interrupt response.4 photodetector and optical switch states of gathering 1,2,3,4 four node from single-chip microcomputer respectively, host scm is changed these information and is become suitable form (network management workstation can be accepted, the form that is fit to transmission), and with these information send to network management workstation.Answer the requirement of network management workstation simultaneously, the operating state of a veneer in the system is set.If detect system exception, network management workstation is notified the action of corresponding optical switch by OAMAgent immediately, and work station can the analysis of failure location between, be convenient to troubleshooting.At each intra-node, state acquisition module, node control module and display module are arranged, be used to finish through the collection of this node auxiliary channel luminous power, the calculating of light noise acoustic ratio, the collection of situations such as each power devices of judgement that communication channel signal has or not and node, alarm, when ring network fault, finish switching of this intranodal relative photo switch, to emergency treatment under this node abnormal conditions and security recovery, and will show after these information via node processing.The operation conditions of loop obtains by the power monitoring mode between node.In loop, inject the direct current light of a fixed wave length, respectively the power of direct current light is judged, realize monitoring the loop working condition at four node places.Information such as loop running status, optical switch state are sent to the work station PC and show in real time after the OAMAgent encoding process.In visual control program, the loop operation information is shown in real time by master control PC master control PC can give a warning when fault, send control information automatically, the excision fault, and between the fiber region of demonstration and analytic record guilty culprit.
Embodiment 2:
Arrange host node at diverse location, adopt multifiber to link to each other between each node, multiplexing again a plurality of wavelength channels in the every optical fiber, thereby the requirement of assurance switching system bandwidth.Can also draw a plurality of secondary nodes from each host node, secondary nodes can be drawn the next stage node again, thereby forms the structure of the little ring of big ring sleeve, to finish the exchange from backbone to the connecting system.As shown in Figure 1.All nodal function types are identical.For example on this ring of Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou, big city has 15, as shown in Figure 1, have in this trunk communication network: Beijing, Tianjin, Jinan, Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Foochow, Xiamen, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, Hengyang, Changsha, Wuhan, Shijiazhuang, each city are exactly an OXC optical node.These nodes are host node.Each district of Beijing is secondary nodes, and each secondary nodes can be formed a looped network, links to each other with host node by OXC.Each secondary nodes can be drawn the next stage node again, is connected to each unit in the district, thereby finishes the topology of whole switching system.
Be example with four node looped networks below, the embodiment of this switching architecture is described.
Whole optical fiber Self-healing Rings realizes two-way 1200km transmission, establishes four nodes altogether, as shown in Figure 4.Loop intermediate power amplifier, inline amplifier, preamplifier all adopt erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), and the noise figure of the EDFA that uses during as preamplifier is less than 5, and other position is less than 6.Between node, chirped fiber grating is used for dispersion compensation and the outer noise filtering of channel, thereby improves the Optical Signal To Noise Ratio (OSNR) of transmission signals; At intra-node, grating has also been realized the drop Voice Channel of local service and the routing function of teleaction service, thereby has been realized the distribution route when realizing dispersion compensation.
In the four node optical path exchange systems under the present invention builds, need be the light path of each connection request foundation from the source end to the destination end, three of the distribution that each node is all fixed in this switching system send wavelength, three reception wavelength.Each wavelength is unique definite by sending node and receiving node, thereby sets up internodal connection end to end.Employed wavelength meets the ITU-T regulation, and each node specifically sends the reception wavelength and sees Table 1.
The Wavelength Assignment of four nodes in table 1 example of the present invention
The internal structure of each node as shown in Figure 2, when the loop operate as normal, be that signal is operated in the forward ring, light signal enters node, the EDFA amplifying signal is used to compensate the insertion loss of node, because the fiber grating nonlinear effect is smaller, enters the higher launched power in node place at signal and is unlikely to transmission signals is caused nonlinear impairments; Signal after the amplification is again through a series of optical circulator, and the reception wavelength of this node is downloaded from loop by circulator by corresponding grating dispersion compensation back, finishes the reception of signal; Remaining and this node receive and enter wave multiplexer signal that wavelength is not inconsistent has compensated the chromatic dispersion of introducing in the transmission course in the grating string after, and after the transmission signal of this node passed through optical switch, output entered loop and continues transmission.Node has been finished the download of local service, the dispersion compensation of teleaction service signal and the connection of Lu Jingben node and has been exchanged functions such as going to other nodes through this node like this.When loop break down carry out link switchover after, at this moment optical signals oppositely encircles inlet and enters node, signal behind a series of optical circulator, carries out the download of this node corresponding wavelength equally after EDFA amplifies, finish the reception of this node signal; The signal that all the other and this node reception wavelength are not inconsistent enters coupler Q and exports reverse ring next node to after the grating string has been finished dispersion compensation; This node emission wavelength, is exported through coupler Q to optical switch then through wave multiplexer.Because at this moment loop is operated in reverse ring status, the signal that makes this initiation connect can enter reverse ring transmission.This configuration of intranodal; make no matter loop is at working line and protection circuit; functions such as node can both finish that required local service is downloaded, signal dispersion compensation and the exchange that distributes, and the signal that is operated under the two states do not crosstalk substantially, guaranteed to pass through the performance of node transmission signals.
The many fine modes of a pump are adopted in loss in the link.Adopt the mode of side coupling that pump light is coupled into Transmission Fibers, thereby realize the amplification of light signal, save system cost.
In table 1, each wavelength is unique definite by sending node and receiving node, and for example: sending node is 2, and receiving node is 3, and then node 2 must send wavelength X 10 to node 3.Wherein, wavelength X 4, λ 8, λ 12, λ 16 are and reserve the burst wavelength.Finish burst information between the node with the reservation wavelength, i.e. λ 4, λ 8, λ 12, λ 16 in the table, reserving wavelength is four wavelength that node can be called out.This node sent the signaling that it reserves wavelength to sending node immediately after each reservation wavelength was received sender's signaling, and it reserves the variation that receiving terminal wavelength all produces Δ λ simultaneously, sends the variation of the also corresponding generation Δ of wavelength λ, and other node can not enter like this.As when node 3 needs burst to call out node 1, it utilizes wavelength X 4 to send the call request information that has own nodal information to node 1, if this moment, the standby wavelength channel of node 1 was unoccupied, node 1 is in the call request of receiving node 3 and to judge be that node 3 is after the call request of oneself sending, to utilize λ 8 to reply the request of reception to node 3, two nodes are shaken hands successfully.Simultaneously, node 1 and node 3 will adopt tuner that the reservation wave length grating of this node is implemented stress simultaneously, make grating produce strain, operation wavelength changes on the signal transmission wavelength of appointing in advance (to be noted, this wavelength is near the ITU-T specified standard wavelength, but and be not equal to the standard wave length), two nodes adopt the other side's signal transmission wavelength to send signal, realize communication.At this moment, if there is the 3rd node, adopt wavelength X 4 again when node 1 sends call request as node 4, because the operation wavelength of the reservation wave length grating of node 1 is owing to produced strain, change has taken place, and node 1 can't be received this call request, be presented as that passage is occupied.
Claims (4)
1. distributed wave division and fiber division optical switching system is characterized in that: adopt the light path exchanged form, set up end to end and connect, the receiver determines originator's information and address;
Employing has the optical node of light path function of exchange, carries out distributed exchange, and each node all is reciprocity, does not have key node in the whole switching architecture;
The loss balancing mode that multifiber is amplified simultaneously;
Adopt wavelength-division and the fine multiplex mode that divides, the transmission bandwidth of a large amount of number of fibers and optical fiber in the existing optical cable of utilization;
Adopt exchange and signaling protocol;
Utilize array waveguide grating wavelength selector spare and linear wavelength shifter, carry out the fine granularity exchange.
2. a kind of distributed wave division and fiber division optical switching system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: adopt ring topology, arrange host node at diverse location, adopt multifiber to link to each other between each node, multiplexing again a plurality of wavelength channels can also be drawn a plurality of secondary nodes from each host node in the every optical fiber, and secondary nodes can be drawn the next stage node again, thereby form the structure of the little ring of big ring sleeve, to finish the exchange from backbone to the connecting system.
3. a kind of distributed wave division and fiber division optical switching system according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: distributed optical node carries out the exchange of optic fibre light path and wavelength light path, foundation and dismounting according to the signaling control access, the Wavelength Assignment way is that the position in switching architecture distributes one group of signaling to receive wavelength for each node according to the complexity of network and node, every node has fixing reception wavelength, adopt the tunable fiber grating of corresponding centre wavelength to realize drop Voice Channel, fiber grating can also be realized dispersion compensation simultaneously.
4. a kind of distributed wave division and fiber division optical switching system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: fiber amplifier is set, adopts the cladding pumping structure, with the amplification of one or several pumping source to multifiber and a plurality of wavelength; Adopt the side coupled modes that the pump light injection fibre is intrafascicular, amplify in the time of to multifiber.
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| WO2010072098A1 (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2010-07-01 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Optical switching apparatus and method for enb |
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| IT1267645B1 (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1997-02-07 | Cselt Centro Studi Lab Telecom | RING COMMUNICATION STRUCTURE ON OPTICAL VECTOR AND RELATIVE RECONFIGURABLE NODE. |
| CN1149760C (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2004-05-12 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Multi-beam wave-synthesis ware-partitioning apparatus for cladded pumping optical fiber amplifier and laser |
| CN100499433C (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2009-06-10 | 传送模式系统股份公司 | Optical CWDM-system |
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| WO2010072098A1 (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2010-07-01 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Optical switching apparatus and method for enb |
| US8891962B2 (en) | 2008-12-26 | 2014-11-18 | Zte Corporation | Optical switching apparatus and method for an eNB |
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